scholarly journals Hospital Security: Hospitals and Terrorism

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Gabriella Ráczkevy-Deák
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Hospital Safety ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Terrorist Acts

Hospitals are part of the critical infrastructure and are incredibly vulnerable. Unexpected events may hinder the functioning of institutions, causing severe damage and loss of asset value and quality of service. Every hospital should be prepared for such incidents with well-developed plans and strategies. A hospital can be an ideal target for a terrorist, because a lot of civilians are taken care of (and are open) 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Unfortunately, in recent years have taken place more and more terrorist acts. (eg: 13th November 2015 Paris, and 22nd March 2016., Brussels). How are hospitals prepared for these events in Hungary and abroad? Are the Hospitals Disaster Management Plans sufficient? What kind of terrorist attacks can occur in a hospital (e.g. cyber terrorism)? In my essay I am looking for the answers to these questions and introducing the concept of hospital safety and security.

100,000 false positives for every real terrorist: Why anti-terror algorithms don't work

First Monday ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timme Bisgaard Munk
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
False Positives ◽  
The Self ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Hidden Patterns ◽  
Terrorist Acts

Can terrorist attacks be predicted and prevented using classification algorithms? Can predictive analytics see the hidden patterns and data tracks in the planning of terrorist acts? According to a number of IT firms that now offer programs to predict terrorism using predictive analytics, the answer is yes. According to scientific and application-oriented literature, however, these programs raise a number of practical, statistical and recursive problems. In a literature review and discussion, this paper examines specific problems involved in predicting terrorism. The problems include the opportunity cost of false positives/false negatives, the statistical quality of the prediction and the self-reinforcing, corrupting recursive effects of predictive analytics, since the method lacks an inner meta-model for its own learning- and pattern-dependent adaptation. The conclusion is algorithms don’t work for detecting terrorism and is ineffective, risky and inappropriate, with potentially 100,000 false positives for every real terrorist that the algorithm finds.

Systematic approaches in water management: Aquatic outlook and decision support systems combining monitoring, research, policy analysis and information technology

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Jong ◽  
J. T. van Buuren ◽  
J. P. A. Luiten
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Water Management Plans ◽  
Life On Earth

Sustained developments is the target of almost every modern water management policy. Sustainability is focused on human life and on the ecological quality of our environment. Both aspects are essential for life on earth. Within a river catchment area this means that well balanced relations have to be laid between human activities and ecological aspects in the involved areas. Policy analysis is especially looking for the most efficient way to analyse and to overcome bottlenecks. In The Netherlands project “The Aquatic Outlook” all these elements are worked out in a nationwide scale, providing the scientific base and policy analysis from which future water management plans can be derived.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity Policy and the Legislative Context of the Water and Wastewater Sector in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Masike Malatji ◽  
Annlizé L. Marnewick ◽  
Suné von Solms
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Computer Security ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Security Incidents

The water and wastewater sector is an important lifeline upon which other economic sectors depend. Securing the sector’s critical infrastructure is therefore important for any country’s economy. Like many other nations, South Africa has an overarching national cybersecurity strategy aimed at addressing cyber terrorism, cybercriminal activities, cyber vandalism, and cyber sabotage. The aim of this study is to contextualise the water and wastewater sector’s cybersecurity responsibilities within the national cybersecurity legislative and policy environment. This is achieved by conducting a detailed analysis of the international, national and sector cybersecurity stakeholders; legislation and policies; and challenges pertaining to the protection of the water and wastewater sector. The study found some concerning challenges and improvement gaps regarding the complex manner in which the national government is implementing the cybersecurity strategy. The study also found that, along with the National Cybersecurity Policy Framework (the national cybersecurity strategy of South Africa), the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, Critical Infrastructure Protection Act, and other supporting legislation and policies make provision for the water and wastewater sector’s computer security incidents response team to be established without the need to propose any new laws or amend existing ones. This is conducive for the immediate development of the sector-specific cybersecurity governance framework and resilience strategy to protect the water and wastewater assets.

scholarly journals Adjustment of oxygen use by means of pulse oximetry: an important tool for patient safety

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma de Almeida Busch Mendes ◽  
Paola Bruno de Araújo Andreoli ◽  
Leny Vieira Cavalheiro ◽  
Claudia Talerman ◽  
Claudia Laselva
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Margin Of Error

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess patient's level of oxygenation by means of pulse oximetry, avoiding hypoxia (that causes rapid and severe damage), hyperoxia, and waste. Methods: Calculations were made with a 7% margin of error and a 95% confidence interval. Physical therapists were instructed to check pulse oximetry of all patients with prescriptions for physical therapy, observing the scheduled number of procedures. Results: A total of 129 patients were evaluated. Hyperoxia predominated in the sectors in which the patient was constantly monitored and hypoxia in the sectors in which monitoring was not continuous. Conclusions: Professionals involved in patient care must be made aware of the importance of adjusting oxygen use and the risk that non-adjustment represents in terms of quality of care and patient safety.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’SAFE BEHAVIOUR WHILE TERRORIST ATTACKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 732-741
Author(s):  
Tetiana Veretenko ◽  
Anton Trebe ◽  
Olena Bieloliptseva
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
School Students ◽  
Terrorist Threat ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Terrorist Acts

The attention is drawn to the possibility of terrorist attacks in Ukraine. The essence of safe behaviour during a terrorist attack is revealed in the article. The purpose of the article is to determine the rules of behaviour for high school students in the case of a terrorist attack, the action algorithm of high school students on receiving information about a terrorist threat; rules of safe behaviour in social networks, which are actively used by terrorists, who attack high school students to participate in their groups and terrorist acts; to present a formation program of high school students’safe behaviour while terrorist attacks and show its effectiveness.The results of the experimental implementation of the program for formation of high school students’safe behaviour during terrorist attacks and emergencies are analyzed after asurvey carried out. According to the results summarised a conclusion is made to activate social and pedagogical work in the field of forming students’safe behaviour while terrorist attacks and emergencies.

scholarly journals The Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys Stål.) Influences Pungent and Non-Pungent Capsicum cultivars’ Pre- and Post-Harvest Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2252
Author(s):  
Tilen Zamljen ◽  
Robert Veberic ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Ana Slatnar
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Entire Plant

Halyomorpha halys is an important invasive pest that causes severe damage to fruits and vegetables. Peppers are susceptible to infestation by H. halys, resulting in yield losses. Plants respond to the insect infestation with a metabolic response. With this study, we attempted to determine the intensity of the metabolic response of infested peppers, how pungent and non-pungent peppers react to the infestation, and how the H. halys affects the post-harvest quality of both cultivars. The shelf life of the infested peppers did not change compared to the control treatments. We observed a drastic decrease in metabolite levels after storage in all three treatments in both cultivars, especially capsaicinoids, with an approximate decrease of 30% in the pericarp and 95% in the placenta of the pungent ‘Eris F1’. In some cases, the accumulation of metabolites was not limited to the fruit exposed to the H. halys infestation, but to the entire plant. We observed a 15-fold increase in capsaicinoid content in the infested fruits of cultivar ‘Eris F1’ and a 4-fold increase in the pericarp of cultivar ‘Lombardo tago’, which could lead to a possible further study on the defensive function of capsaicinoids and their use against H. halys.

scholarly journals Assumptions of CPTED theory immunization in the critical infrastructure of the airport

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agata Tyburska
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Use Of Services ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Airport Infrastructure ◽  
Prevention Of Crime ◽  
Terrorist Acts

Terrorist acts are typical threats that provoke a crisis of considerable size not only in the country but also in the countries or regions. Terrorist interest will always be aroused by elements of state infrastructure, which are defined as essential for the daily functioning of people and public administration. Airports serving people and providing fast transport of goods are of particular interest to modern terrorists. Terrorist attacks targeting the airport infrastructure can cause both their destruction and damage, as well as initiate breakdowns that result in not only huge material losses, but significant deaths and damage to a substantial number of people. As a consequence, they may cause insecurity, panic and abandon the use of services guaranteed by carriers and airports. Developing real and effective protection plans, based on the results of research and analysis and good practice - allows for effective protection of a key airport area and, in a crisis situation, to minimize costs resulting from an attack. The Crime Prevention Trough Environmental Design (CPTED) concept of prevention of crime by shaping space focuses on physical space as an important factor influencing criminal behavior. This space is connected in various ways with the criminal act. The theory of shaping safe spaces assumes that criminals make a rational choice of purpose, and their decisions are supported by an analysis of the conditions existing in a given space (risk analysis). Their choice applies to both the places they prefer as the crime scene and the areas they avoid. The aim of the article is to present elements of the CPTED concept, which may be adopted in the protection of airport infrastructure

scholarly journals Урожайность различных сортов картофеля и их повреждение вредителями в условиях Удмуртской Республики

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Esenkulova ◽  
О.V. Korobeinikova ◽  
M.P. Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Udmurt Republic

В рамках развития органического сельского хозяйства актуально выявление сортов с высокой устойчивостью к вредным организмам. В условиях Удмуртской Республики на дерново-среднеподзолистой среднесуглинистой слабосмытой почве в 2017-2018 годах проводились исследования, целью которых была оценка новых и перспективных сортов картофеля различных по срокам созревания. Одной из задач было выявление повреждений клубней вредителями. Изучали сорта картофеля разных сроков созревания: раннеспелые Нандина, Ред Соня, Колетте, Беллароза, Винета, Джоконда, Раноми среднеспелые Джелли, Вираж, Гала, Рябинушка, Каптива, Алуэт позднеспелые Ред Фентази, Церата КВС, Танго. Полевой однофакторный опыт закладывался согласно методике полевого опыта. Клубневой анализ проводили в соответствии с ГОСТ 33996-2016 Картофель семенной. Технические условия и методы определения качества. Коэффициент адаптивности изучаемых сортов картофеля рассчитан по методу Л.А. Животкова. За два года исследований более урожайными были раннеспелые сорта: Нандина, Ред Соня, Беллароза, Раноми среднеспелые: Джелли, Каптива, Алуэт позднеспелые: Ред Фентази и Церата КВС. Повреждение клубней картофеля личинками щелкуна (проволочником) было очень высоким и составило в 2017 году в среднем по сортам 47, в 2018 году 61. В оба года исследований клубни были повреждены личинками озимой совки (в среднем 3-4 ), личинками майского хруща (1-2 ). В 2018 году наблюдалось повреждение полевками (в среднем по сортам 3 ). Раннеспелые сорта являются более адаптивными к условиям Удмуртской Республики (коэффициент адаптивности 1,22 и 1,31). Однако качество посадочного материала не соответствует ГОСТ по проценту повреждений вредителями. Поэтому необходима тщательная сортировка и доведение клубней до регламентируемых показателей. Для снижения поврежденности в полевых условиях картофель требуется размещать после бобовых и крестоцветных культур, проводить известкование почв и вносить перепревшие органические удобрения.As part of the development of organic agriculture, the identification of varieties with high resistance to pests is relevant. In the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, studies were carried out in 2017-2018 on the derno-medium-soil average carbon-free weak soil, the purpose of which was to assess new and permissive potato cultivars of different maturation times. One challenge was to identify damage to tubers by insect pests and the possibility of using them as planting material. Potato cultivars of different maturation dates were studied: early Nandina, Red Sonya, Kolette, Bellaroza, Vineta, Dzhokonda, Ranomi medium Dzhelli, Virazh, Gala, Ryabinushka, Kaptiva, Aluet late Red Fentazi, Tserata KVS, Tango. Field one-factor experiment was laid according to the method of experimental work. Tuberous analysis was carried out in accordance with GOST 33996-2016 Seed Potatoes. Technical conditions and methods of quality determination . The coefficient of adaptivity of the studied potato cultivars is calculated according to the method of L.A. Zhemkov. More crop-producing were early cultivars: Nandina, Red Sonya, Bellaroza, Ranomi average: Dzhelli, Kaptiva, Aluet late: Red Fentazi and Tserata CF. During the years of research, there was damage to potato tubers by wireworm in 2017 on average 47, and in 2018 61. The only cultivar, Ranomi, was not damaged by the wireworm in 2017. A small number of tubers was damaged by larvae of turnip moth (Agrotis segetum) (3-4) and larvae of white grub (1-2). During two years of research in the Udmurt Republic early cultivars were more adaptive, the coefficient of adaptability was 1,31 and 1,22. However, the quality of the planting material by the percentage of damaged tubers by pests does not comply with state standard. For growing in the region, early cultivars Nandin, Red Sonya, Kolette, Bellarosa, Vineta, Dzhokonda, Ranomi are more suitable from middle cultivars Dzhelli, Kaptiva and Aluet turned out to be more stable from late ripening Red Fentazi. Due to severe damage by insect pests, especially wireworms, careful sorting and bringing tubers to regulated parameters, liming of soils, and introduction of rotted organic fertilizers are necessary, as well as to place potatoes in crop rotation after legumes and cruciferous crops.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton Distribution in Mar Menor Coastal Lagoon (SE Spain) during 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Soria ◽  
Gema Caniego ◽  
Nuria Hernandez-Saez ◽  
Jose Antonio Dominguez ◽  
Manuel Erena
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Se Spain ◽  
Phytoplankton Distribution ◽  
Mar Menor ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Notable Increase

The Mar Menor is a Spanish coastal lagoon of great ecological and economic interest. The agricultural and tourist activities developed in the surroundings of the lagoon, together with the modifications in its channels of connection with the Mediterranean Sea, have notably affected the quality of its waters, which is altering the natural balance of the ecosystem. In this work, an analysis of the density of phytoplankton present in the lagoon between the months of May to December 2017 has been carried out. There, it has been a notable increase in the density of organisms in post-summer samplings, following the recording of higher temperatures, and the presence of Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae and nanoplanktonic Cryptophyceae stands out. The data collected indicate a significant increase in the eutrophication process of the lagoon that requires the development of management plans to reduce agricultural discharges and promote the recovery of the lagoon and its native species.

The Influence of the Counterculture, Community, and State

Big Sur ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Alden Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
The State ◽  
State Parks ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Big Sur ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Mind

During the counter-culture era of the 1960s and early 1970s, Big Sur became a magnet for hippies, back-to-the-land activists, and New Age visitors exploring the mind-expanding retreats at the Esalen Institute. Added to these arrivals were the more mainstream families flocking to the state parks and beaches, and wealthy new residents. Chapter 5 examines the arrival of these various admirers and their influence on Big Sur’s image and land management. This chapter also broadens the picture to examine the statewide impact of the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill. The spill was a wakeup call to the state and the nation, and it reinforced the linkage between the quality of the environment and Americans’ quality of life. It spurred the passage of Proposition 20 in 1972 to protect California’s prized coastline. New state regulations required environmentally sensitive land management plans from all coastal counties. This chapter argues that Big Sur residents understood the importance (and accepted the irony) of coalescing as a vibrant community as they began to draft one of the most stringent antidevelopment plans in the state. Their sophisticated knowledge of land management helped retain this coastline’s distinction and their prized place within it.

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