Activation characteristics of candidate structural materials for a near-term Indian fusion reactor and the impact of their impurities on design considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 065602 ◽  
Author(s):  
H L SWAMI ◽  
C DANANI ◽  
A K SHAW
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Reactor ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effect of W on the Impact-Induced Energy Release Behavior of Al–Ni Energetic Structural Materials

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Shun Li ◽  
Caimin Huang ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Yu Tang ◽  
Shuxin Bai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Damage Effect ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Reaction Heat ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Energetic Structural Materials ◽  
Released Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hot Press Process

Energetic structural materials (ESMs) are an important class of military materials due to their good structural and energy-releasing characteristics. To improve the damage effect of metal–metal ESMs with good mechanical properties, W was added to the 48Al–52Ni composites, and the effect of W on the impact-induced energy release behaviors was investigated. The results showed that the hot-press process and the addition of W did not change the microstructure and surface state of the constituent particles, leading to a stable onset temperature of the Al–Ni intermetallic reaction in (48Al–52Ni)100-xWx composites. Meanwhile, the decrease in the contact area between Al and Ni in the composites with increased W content resulted in the decrease in reaction heat. During the impact process, the intermetallic reaction of W caused by the Al–Ni intermetallic reaction, as well as the oxidation reaction of Al and Ni caused by the brittle fracture along the weak interface, caused the released energy of (48Al–52Ni)40W60 to reach 2.04 kJ/g.

Predicting of atmospheric corrosivity and durability of structural materials. Part II. Impact of urban traffic pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Joanna Kobus ◽  
Rafał Lutze
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Traffic Pollution ◽  
Street Traffic ◽  
The Impact

The results of the atmospheric corrosivity assessment in the immediate vicinity of streets of different traffic volume in Warsaw, Krakow and Katowice are derived . On the bases of annual exposures in 2014–2018 years an equation describing the impact of environmental parameters and street traffic volume on corrosion losses of zinc and zinc coating on steel was selected.

scholarly journals The Impact of Future Emission Policies on Tropospheric Ozone using a Parameterised Approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Turnock ◽  
Oliver Wild ◽  
Frank Dentener ◽  
Yanko Davila ◽  
Louisa Emmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Emission ◽  
Tropospheric O3 ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface O3

Abstract. This study quantifies future changes in tropospheric ozone (O3) using a simple parameterisation of source-receptor relationships based on simulations from a range of models participating in the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollutants (TF-HTAP) experiments. Surface and tropospheric O3 changes are calculated globally and across 16 regions from perturbations in precursor emissions (NOx, CO, VOCs) and methane (CH4) abundance. A source attribution is provided for each source region along with an estimate of uncertainty based on the spread of the results from the models. Tests against model simulations using HadGEM2-ES confirm that the approaches used within the parameterisation are valid. The O3 response to changes in CH4 abundance is slightly larger in TF-HTAP Phase 2 than in the TF-HTAP Phase 1 assessment (2010) and provides further evidence that controlling CH4 is important for limiting future O3 concentrations. Different treatments of chemistry and meteorology in models remains one of the largest uncertainties in calculating the O3 response to perturbations in CH4 abundance and precursor emissions, particularly over the Middle East and South Asian regions. Emission changes for the future ECLIPSE scenarios and a subset of preliminary Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) indicate that surface O3 concentrations will increase by 1 to 8 ppbv in 2050 across different regions. Source attribution analysis highlights the growing importance of CH4 in the future under current legislation. A global tropospheric O3 radiative forcing of +0.07 W m−2 from 2010 to 2050 is predicted using the ECLIPSE scenarios and SSPs, based solely on changes in CH4 abundance and tropospheric O3 precursor emissions and neglecting any influence of climate change. Current legislation is shown to be inadequate in limiting the future degradation of surface ozone air quality and enhancement of near-term climate warming. More stringent future emission controls provide a large reduction in both surface O3 concentrations and O3 radiative forcing. The parameterisation provides a simple tool to highlight the different impacts and associated uncertainties of local and hemispheric emission control strategies on both surface air quality and the near-term climate forcing by tropospheric O3.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Storm Prediction Center's Convective Outlooks and Watches on Emergency Management Operational Planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Heather A. Cross ◽  
Dennis Cavanaugh ◽  
Christopher C. Buonanno ◽  
Amy Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Severe Thunderstorms ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Storm Prediction ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Impact

For many emergency managers (EMs) and National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters, Convective Outlooks issued by the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) influence the preparation for near-term severe weather events. However, research into how and when EMs utilize that information, and how it influences their emergency operations plan, is limited. Therefore, to better understand how SPC Convective Outlooks are used for severe weather planning, a survey was conducted of NWS core partners in the emergency management sector. The results show EMs prefer to wait until an Enhanced Risk for severe thunderstorms is issued to prepare for severe weather. In addition, the Day 2 Convective Outlook serves as the threshold for higher, value-based decision making. The survey was also used to analyze how the issuance of different risk levels in SPC Convective Outlooks impact emergency management preparedness compared to preparations conducted when a Convective Watch is issued.

Influence of operation conditions on structure and properties of 12% Cr steels as candidate structural materials for fusion reactor

1998 ◽  
Vol 258-263 ◽  
pp. 1312-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G Ioltukhovsky ◽  
M.V Leontyeva-Smirnova ◽  
Y.I Kazennov ◽  
E.A Medvedeva ◽  
A.V Tselishchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Reactor ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Cr Steels

 The Climate Response to Emissions Reductions due to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Jones ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Climate ◽  
Climate Signals ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Regional Analyses ◽  
The Impact

<p>Many nations responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by restricting travel and other activities during 2020, resulting in temporarily reduced emissions of CO2, other greenhouse gases and ozone and aerosol precursors. We perform a coordinated Intercomparison, CovidMIP, of Earth System model simulations to assess the impact on climate of these emissions reductions. Eleven models performed multiple initial-condition ensembles to produce over 280 simulations spanning both initial condition and model structural uncertainty. We find model consensus on reduced aerosol amounts (particularly over East Asia) and associated increases in surface shortwave radiation levels. However, any impact on near-surface temperature or rainfall during 2020-2024 is extremely small and is not detectable in this initial analysis. Regional analyses on a finer scale, and closer attention to extremes (especially linked to changes in atmospheric composition and air quality) are required to test the impact of COVID-19-related emission reductions on near-term climate.</p><p>This first-look at results has focussed on surface climate, but future analysis will include attribution of drivers of climate signals; longer term implications of emissions reductions and options for economic recovery; quantifying changes in extremes; influence on atmospheric circulation and the carbon cycle.</p>

scholarly journals Review on The Compatibility of Fusion Reactor Structural Materials with High-temperature Liquid Metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 1637 ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
Cong Si ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Junyu Ji ◽  
Shufeng Zhang ◽  
Xiangyang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fusion Reactor ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Temperature Liquid
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