Evaluation of Permeate Flux Rate and Membrane Fouling in Dead-End Microfiltration of Primary Sewage Effluent

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Modise ◽  
H.F. Shan ◽  
R.D. Neufeld ◽  
R.D. Vidic
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Flux Rate ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Dead End

Effect of coagulation mechanisms on the fouling and ultrasonic cleaning of PTFE membrane

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2291-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Wei Wan ◽  
Cybelle Morales Futalan ◽  
Cheng-Hung Chang ◽  
Chi-Chuah Kan
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Ultrasonic Cleaning ◽  
Ptfe Membrane ◽  
Pore Blocking ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Cake Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the effect of coagulation pretreatment on membrane fouling and ultrasonic cleaning efficiency was investigated using a dead-end polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microfiltration system. The extent of membrane fouling was examined under different coagulation mechanisms such as charge neutralization (CN), electrostatic patch effect (EPE) and sweep flocculation (SW). Fouling through EPE mechanism provided the greatest flux decline and least permeate flux recovery over CN and SW. EPE produces more stable, smaller and more compact flocs while CN and SW have large, easily degraded and highly-branched structured flocs. The predominant fouling mechanism of EPE, CN and SW is pore blocking, a combination of pore blocking and cake formation, and cake formation, respectively. Better permeate flux recovery is observed with SW over CN and EPE, which implies formation of less dense and more porous cake deposits. The morphology of fouled membranes was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Membrane Fouling Due to Protein—Polysaccharide Mixtures in Dead-End Ultrafiltration; the Effect of Permeation Flux on Fouling Resistance

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Sioutopoulos ◽  
Anastasios Karabelas ◽  
Vasileios Mappas
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Calcium Ion Concentration ◽  
Matter Concentration

Significant gaps exist in our knowledge of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling, due to mixtures of poly-saccharides and proteins, despite a fair amount of related research. To get new insights into fouling layer characteristics, experiments were performed under constant-flux, within the range of practical interest (15–90 L/m2h), with typical polysaccharides (sodium alginate, SA), proteins (bovine serum albumin, BSA) as well as their mixtures in various proportions (1:3, 1:1, 3:1), and total organic matter concentration of 30 mg/L. The feed-water salinity and calcium ion concentration were 2000 mg/L NaCl and 2 mM, respectively. The temporal evolution of such fouling layers on flat-sheet membranes was monitored by recording the trans-membrane pressure variation. The results show that the specific fouling resistance α is strongly affected by flux, and the fouling propensity of polysaccharide-protein mixtures is significantly enhanced compared to single foulants, i.e., when BSA and SA are alone. The fouling layers are compressible and their resistance α tends to increase with the mass ratio of alginate in the mixture, particularly at high fluxes. To quantify these effects, correlations are presented of the initial fouling resistance αi with permeate flux J and of the evolution of α. R&D priorities are suggested on this topic of mixed foulants.

scholarly journals Influence of Membrane Properties on Pineapple Wine Clarification and Fouling Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Youravong ◽  
M. Phukdeekhong ◽  
P. Taksinpatanapong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Membrane Pore Size ◽  
Stirred Cell

The experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of membrane pore size and hydrophobicity on the quality of clarified pineapple wine and fouling characteristics, using stirred cell dead–end microfiltration. The test membranes were mixed cellulose acetate (MCE, pore size 0.45 and 0.22 μm), modified polyvinylidene fluoride (MPVDF, 0.22 μm) and polyethersulfone (PESF, 0.22 μm). It was found that all types of membrane successfully clarified the pineapple wine. The membrane pore size and hydrophobicity played an importance role in membrane fouling, both reversible and irreversible. Regarding the permeate flux and fouling, 0.45 μm MCE was the most suitable for pineapple wine clarification. However, intensive organoleptic test with pilot scale would be needed.

Removal of natural organic matter from water using a nano-structured photocatalyst coupled with filtration membrane

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sun ◽  
T.T. Meng ◽  
T.H. Loong ◽  
T.J. Hwa
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Flux Rate ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Illumination Time ◽  
Filtration Membrane ◽  
Nano Size

A study of the characteristics of a novel photocatalyst indicated that it consisted of 17.3 nm nano size (average) TiO2 in the anatase phase and porous Fe2O3. SEM results revealed that nano size TiO2 was uniformly deposited onto the surface of Fe2O3 to form a bulk photocatalyst, as TiO2/Fe2O3. The porous TiO2/Fe2O3 catalyst had a BET surface area of 168 m2/g, which is three times higher than that of commercial TiO2. The experimental results indicated that the suspended TiO2/Fe2O3 photocatalyst in a photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reactor was effective in removing TOC at 61.58% and color400 at 93.25% at 180 min illumination time, under 0.4 g/l catalyst loading and pH 7. Experimental results also revealed that pH at 7 and TiO2/Fe2O3 loading at 0.4 g/l was the optimum condition for removal of humic acids using a PCO reactor. Experimental results clearly indicated that the permeate flux rate of the ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was improved and the filtration membrane fouling phenomenon was reduced with the addition of TiO2/Fe2O3 photocatalysts to the UF membrane system. It was found that increasing the filtration time from 40 min to 185 min, the improvement to the permeate flux rate was from 57 to 83 L/hr.m2.

scholarly journals Potential Pitfalls in Membrane Fouling Evaluation: Merits of Data Representation as Resistance Instead of Flux Decline in Membrane Filtration

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Bastiaan Blankert ◽  
Bart Van der Bruggen ◽  
Amy E. Childress ◽  
Noreddine Ghaffour ◽  
Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Filtration Flux

The manner in which membrane-fouling experiments are conducted and how fouling performance data are represented have a strong impact on both how the data are interpreted and on the conclusions that may be drawn. We provide a couple of examples to prove that it is possible to obtain misleading conclusions from commonly used representations of fouling data. Although the illustrative example revolves around dead-end ultrafiltration, the underlying principles are applicable to a wider range of membrane processes. When choosing the experimental conditions and how to represent fouling data, there are three main factors that should be considered: (I) the foulant mass is principally related to the filtered volume; (II) the filtration flux can exacerbate fouling effects (e.g., concentration polarization and cake compression); and (III) the practice of normalization, as in dividing by an initial value, disregards the difference in driving force and divides the fouling effect by different numbers. Thus, a bias may occur that favors the experimental condition with the lower filtration flux and the less-permeable membrane. It is recommended to: (I) avoid relative fouling performance indicators, such as relative flux decline (J/J0); (II) use resistance vs. specific volume; and (III) use flux-controlled experiments for fouling performance evaluation.

scholarly journals Organic Fouling Impact in a Direct Contact Membrane Distillation System Treating Wastewater: Experimental Observations and Modeling Approach

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Amine Charfi ◽  
Fida Tibi ◽  
Jeonghwan Kim ◽  
Jin Hur ◽  
Jinwoo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Direct Contact Membrane Distillation ◽  
Organic Fouling ◽  
Specific Cake Resistance

This study aims to investigate the effect of operational conditions on organic fouling occurring in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system used to treat wastewater. A mixed solution of sodium alginate (SA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a feed solution to simulate polysaccharides and proteins, respectively, assumed as the main organic foulants. The permeate flux was observed at two feed temperatures 35 and 50 °C, as well as three feed solution pH 4, 6, and 8. Higher permeate flux was observed for higher feed temperature, which allows higher vapor pressure. At higher pH, a smaller particle size was detected with lower permeate flux. A mathematical model based on mass balance was developed to simulate permeate flux with time by assuming (i) the cake formation controlled by attachment and detachment of foulant materials and (ii) the increase in specific cake resistance, the function of the cake porosity, as the main mechanisms controlling membrane fouling to investigate the fouling mechanism responsible of permeate flux decline. The model fitted well with the experimental data with R2 superior to 0.9. High specific cake resistance fostered by small particle size would be responsible for the low permeate flux observed at pH 8.

Membrane fouling mechanisms and permeate flux decline model in soy sauce microfiltration

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. e12599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Sun ◽  
Zhen Qin ◽  
Liming Zhao ◽  
Qiming Chen ◽  
Qingyun Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Flux Decline

Electroflocculation as potential pretreatment in colloid ultrafiltration

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Harif ◽  
M. Hai ◽  
A. Adin
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Colloidal Suspension ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Membrane Behavior ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Stainless Steel Cathode ◽  
Marginal Improvement

Electroflocculation (EF) is a coagulation/flocculation process in which active coagulant species are generated in situ by electrolytic oxidation of an appropriate anode material. The effect of colloidal suspension pretreatment by EF on membrane fouling was measured by flux decline at constant pressure. An EF cell was operated in batch mode and comprised two flat sheet electrodes, an aluminium anode and stainless steel cathode, which were immersed in the treated suspension, and connected to an external DC power supply. The cell was run at constant current between 0.06–0.2A. The results show that pre-EF enhances the permeate flux at pH 5 and 6.5, but only marginal improvement is observed at pH 8. At all pH values cake formation on the membrane surface was observed. The differences in membrane behavior can be explained by conventional coagulation theory and transitions between aluminium mononuclear species which affect particle characteristics and consequently cake properties. At pH 6.5, where sweep floc mechanism dominates due to increased precipitation of aluminium hydroxide, increased flux rates were observed. It is evident that EF can serve as an efficient pretreatment to ultrafiltration of colloid particles.

A Wall Film Model for Membrane Fouling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Jahangiri Mamouri ◽  
Volodymyr V. Tarabara ◽  
André Bénard
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Wall Film ◽  
Oil Water

Deoiling of produced or impaired waters associated with oil and gas production represents a significant challenge for many companies. Centrifugation, air flotation, and hydrocyclone separation are the current methods of oil removal from produced water [1], however the efficiency of these methods decreases dramatically for droplets smaller than approximately 15–20 μm. More effective separation of oil-water mixtures into water and oil phases has the potential to both decrease the environmental footprint of the oil and gas industry and improve human well-being in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico. New membrane separation processes and design of systems with advanced flow management offer tremendous potential for improving oil-water separation efficacy. However, fouling is a major challenge in membrane separation [2]. In this study, the behavior of oil droplets and their interaction with crossflow filtration (CFF) membranes (including membrane fouling) is studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A model for film formation on a membrane surface is proposed for the first time to simulate film formation on membrane surfaces. The bulk multiphase flow is modeled using an Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase flow model. A wall film is developed from mass and momentum balances [3] and implemented to model droplet deposition and membrane surface blockage. The model is used to predict film formation and subsequent membrane fouling, and allow to estimate the actual permeate flux. The results are validated using available experimental data.

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