The minimal normal filter on $P\sb{\kappa }\lambda $

Summary DIN EN ISO 16891:2016 “Test methods for evaluating the degradation of characteristics of cleanable filter media“ is the first standard in Germany that takes into account the thermal and chemical ageing of the filter media and stipulates how they are to be tested. These normative specifications were to be implemented as part of a research project. However, the boundary test conditions proved to be general conditions and many other details were not described in the standard. This is why, as well as there being many safety aspects, the filter testing has so far only been partially implemented. Uniform loading of several samples at the normal filter flow velocities used in practice could not be implemented. Doubt exists with regard to the comparability of the results of the tests that were based on the standard in its current form at different test institutes.

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Consequences of Choosing Different Settings When Processing Hip-Based Accelerometry Data From Older Adults: A Practical Approach Using Baseline Data From the SITLESS Study

Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour ◽

10.1123/jmpb.2019-0037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 89-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jason J. Wilson ◽

Mathias Skjødt ◽

Ilona McMullan ◽

Nicole E. Blackburn ◽

Maria Giné-Garriga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Time Algorithm ◽

Normal Filter ◽

Wear Time ◽

Epoch Length ◽

Vector Magnitude ◽

Selection Of

Accurately measuring older adults’ physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) using accelerometers is essential, as both are important markers of health. This study aimed to highlight how steps taken during data processing may affect key hip-based accelerometry outcomes in older adults, using a selection of baseline accelerometry data (n = 658) from the SITLESS study. Different analytical parameters tested included wear-time algorithms, use of low-frequency extension (LFE) filter, epoch length, and minimum and maximum daily wear-time thresholds. These were compared against vertical axis counts per minute (CPM), vector magnitude (VM) CPM, SB, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, step counts, and wear-time percentage. Differences in settings across the analytical parameters were assessed using paired sample t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs using Bonferroni correction. Using the “Choi” versus “Troiano” wear-time algorithm resulted in a higher percentage wear-time. Most SB and PA outcomes were significantly different across wear-time algorithms (p < .001). This was similar when using the LFE filter versus normal filter (p < .001). Using 10-second epoch length increased daily SB time (between +75.7 and +79.2 minutes) compared to 60-second. Most SB and PA outcomes significantly changed comparing minimum-wear-time thresholds of 360, 480, 600, and 720 minutes per day (p < .001). Applying a log-diary with a ≥1140-minute threshold had a significant impact on vertical axis CPM, VM CPM, SB, and light PA outcomes (p < .001). This study demonstrates the potential variability in the number of participants being included in studies and reported SB and PA levels when processing older adults’ accelerometry data dependent on the analytical procedures utilized.

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H∞ optimal singular and normal filter design for uncertain singular systems

IET Control Theory and Applications ◽

10.1049/iet-cta:20060042 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

C.-M. Lee ◽

I.K. Fong

Keyword(s):

Filter Design ◽

Singular Systems ◽

Normal Filter ◽

Uncertain Singular Systems

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Comparison of older and newer generations of ActiGraph accelerometers with the normal filter and the low frequency extension

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/1479-5868-10-51 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Kelli L Cain ◽

Terry L Conway ◽

Marc A Adams ◽

Lisa E Husak ◽

James F Sallis

Keyword(s):

Low Frequency ◽

Normal Filter

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Sources of variation of Escherichia coli concentrations in bivalve molluscs

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2012.114 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 78-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. J. Lee ◽

R. Silk

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Sampling Occasion ◽

The European Union ◽

Bivalve Molluscs ◽

Normal Filter ◽

Probable Number ◽

E Coli ◽

Production Areas

Bivalve molluscs can concentrate contaminants, including pathogenic microorganisms, from the water column during their normal filter-feeding activity. In the European Union, the risk of human and animal faecal contamination in bivalves is estimated by determining the concentration of Escherichia coli in time-series samples from production areas. A structured field study was undertaken to determine the extent to which such concentrations varied between sites, sampling occasions and shellfish species and to determine the residual variability of the method. E. coli was enumerated in three species of bivalve mollusc (Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus spp. and Pecten maximus) co-located in each of three geographically separate commercial shellfisheries. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). This showed that the effects of site, sampling occasion, species and site/sampling occasion interaction were all significant. The proportion of variation due to site was markedly greater than that due to other factors. Post-ANOVA analysis showed that the concentration of E. coli in P. maximus was significantly higher than in the other two species. Mytilus spp. and C. gigas exhibited comparable levels of E. coli. The observed standard deviation of the most probable number method in the study was 0.33 log10.

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Positive ∑ operations on ordinals and normal filters on greatly mahlo cardinals

Journal of Symbolic Logic ◽

10.2307/2275027 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 226-233

Author(s):

Thomas Jech

Keyword(s):

Normal Filter ◽

Uncountable Cardinal ◽

Mahlo Cardinals ◽

Ordinal Function

If ℱ is a normal filter on a regular uncountable cardinal κ, let ║f║ be the ℱ-norm of an ordinal function f. We introduce the class of positive ordinal operations and prove that if F is a positive operation then ║F(f)║ ≥ F(║f║). For each η < κ+ let fη be the canonical ηth function. We show that if F is a ∑ operation then F(fη) = fF(η).As an application we show that if κ is greatly Mahlo then there are normal filters on κ of order greater than κ+.

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Problems in Collection of Deposit Pesticides in Aerial Application by Glycerin-coated Filter Paper or Normal Filter Paper.

Journal of Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.5985/jec.2.19 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Hirohito KUROSAKI ◽

Kunio OZAKI ◽

Naoki HATAMOTO ◽

Kuniaki KAWATA

Keyword(s):

Filter Paper ◽

Aerial Application ◽

Normal Filter

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Preparation of Nano-Co3O4 by Direct Thermal Decomposition of Cobalt(II) Nitrate Hexahydrate for Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413713666171201150215 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 154-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammed Ameen Ahmed Qasem ◽

Md. Abdul Aziz ◽

Abbas Saeed Hakeem ◽

Sagheer A. Onaizi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Water Oxidation ◽

Diffraction Field ◽

Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽

Carbon Electrode ◽

Simple Method ◽

Normal Filter ◽

Electrocatalytic Properties

Background: Nano-Co3O4 has been used in various technological areas and applications such as electrochemical sensors and electrochemical water splitting. Even though many efforts have been expended to prepare nano-Co3O4, the development of novel methods to prepare Co3O4 using simple processes and at low cost remain a topic of interest. Besides, it could be economic and useful if the synthesized nanoparticle could be applied as efficient electrocatalyst upon its immobilization on a cheap base electrode material by very simple method for various practical applications including renewable energy. Method: We prepared nano-Co3O4 by a direct thermal decomposition of an inexpensive, simple and widely available cobalt inorganic precursor, such as Co(NO3)2·6H2O without any type of prereaction or processing. The nano-Co3O4 was immobilized on filter-paper-derived carbon electrode by drop-drying method for applying as electrode materials toward water electrooxidation. Results: The X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the formation of short nanorods of single-phase Co3O4 upon thermal decomposition of Co(NO3)2·6H2O at 520°C. The electrocatalytic properties of the nano- Co3O4 were evaluated after immobilizing it on a cheap carbon electrode derived from normal filter paper. The modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic properties toward water oxidation in an alkaline solution. Conclusion: In conclusion, we developed a very simple, straight-forward and economic method for preparation of nano-Co3O4 and immobilized it on very cheap carbon electrode for evaluating its electrocatalytic properties. Due to the high electrocatalytic properties, the prepared nano-Co3O4 could potentially play an important role in various practical fields.

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Research on Fine Particles Capture of Baghouse Filter Media

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.1293 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 300-301 ◽

pp. 1293-1297 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jing Xian Liu ◽

De Qiang Chang ◽

Yue Xie ◽

Ning Mao ◽

Xi Sun

Keyword(s):

Fine Particle ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Membrane Filter ◽

Stable State ◽

Counting Efficiency ◽

Filter Media ◽

Normal Filter ◽

Industrial Dust ◽

Total Particle

Industrial dust emission is one of the main sources of fine particle especially for PM2.5 in atmosphere. Filter media is the key component for baghouse. In the paper, several normal needle felt filters and membrane filter are studied through experiments. The performances of filter such as resistance, capture efficiency for total particle and number counting efficiency for fine particle are tested.The experimental results show that the resistance of filter increase after aging, the resisitance increasing rate of membrane filter is the smallest; The efficiencies for total particles of normal filter are above 99.9% at clean state, and 99.99% at stable state after aging; Although the filters have high efficiency for total particle, but the number counting efficiency for 10μm particle is 94%-99%, and 52%-92% for 2μm particles. New filters for fine particles are needed.

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