Psychological Predictors of Self-reported COVID-19 Outcomes: Results From a Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background Previous research has shown that psychological factors, such as stress and social support, are associated with greater susceptibility to viral respiratory illnesses and more severe symptoms. During the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a well-documented deterioration in psychological well-being and increased social isolation. This raises questions as to whether those experiencing psychological adversity during the pandemic are more at risk of contracting and/or experiencing COVID-19 symptoms. Purpose To examine the relationship between psychological factors and the risk of COVID-19 self-reported infection and the symptomatic experience of SARS-CoV-2 (indicated by the number and severity of symptoms). Methods As part of a longitudinal prospective observational cohort study, 1,087 adults completed validated measures of psychological well-being during April 2020 and self-reported incidence of COVID-19 infection and symptom experience across the pandemic through to December 2020. Regression models were used to explore these relationships controlling for demographic and occupational factors. Results Greater psychological distress during the early phase of the pandemic was significantly associated with subsequent self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the experience of a greater number and more severe symptoms. Conclusions COVID-19 infection and symptoms may be more common among those experiencing elevated psychological distress. Further research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations is needed.

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Subjective Cohesion as Stress Buffer Among Civilians Working With the Military in Iraq and Afghanistan

Armed Forces & Society ◽

10.1177/0095327x17707203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 238-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alex Bierman ◽

Ryan Kelty

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Sociological Theory ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Life Threatening ◽

War Zones ◽

As Stress ◽

The Military ◽

The Relationship ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing

Recent research shows that civilians who work with the military in war zones are often exposed to life-threatening situations that can create psychological distress. In this study, we examine whether cohesion buffers the relationship between threat and psychological distress. Using a probability sample of civilians working with the U.S. Army in Iraq and Afghanistan, we find that cohesion buffers the relationship between threat and both internalizing and externalizing forms of emotional distress, but does so nonlinearly, with buffering observed at moderate but not high levels of cohesion. This research shows that cohesion may be an important resource for the mental health of civilians working in war zones but also supports sociological theory positing that the utility of social resources for individual well-being may be obviated in tightly integrative social contexts.

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The Relationship between Dimensions of Forgiveness with Mental Health in Mothers of Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Journal of Education and Learning ◽

10.5539/jel.v5n4p15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shahrooz Nemati ◽

Mir Mahmoud Mirnasab ◽

Bagher Ghobari Bonab

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Developmental Disabilities ◽

Well Being ◽

Theoretical Implication ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

The Relationship

<p>The aim of the current study was to predict mental health of the mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities from the magnitude of their forgiveness. To fulfill the stated goal 88 mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities by means of accessible sampling procedure, and Besharat mental health (2009) as well as Enright forgiveness inventories standardized by Ghobari Bonab et al. (2003) was given to them. Analysis of data using Pearson’s correlation revealed that among mental health (psychological well-being and psychological distress) and all three dimensions of forgiveness a positive relation was found. In other words, individuals who were higher in forgiveness were more satisfied in their mental health. Multivariate regression also revealed that 23% of variations in psychological well-being by affective and cognation, and 20% of variations in psychological distress by cognation and behavioral component can be accounted by dimensions of their forgiveness. Theoretical implication and practical application of the findings have been delineated in the original paper.</p>

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Masculine/Instrumental and Feminine/Expressive Traits and Health, Well-Being, and Psychological Distress in Spanish Men

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988319832749 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 155798831983274 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Pilar Matud

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Well Being ◽

Men’S Health ◽

Men's Health ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

The Feminine ◽

The Relationship ◽

Health And Well Being

Many studies have explored the relationship between masculine norms and men’s health outcomes. There are few recent studies published on the relationship between masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive traits and men’s health and well-being. The current cross-sectional study examines whether masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive traits are associated to men’s health and well-being. Participants were 1,870 Spanish men, aged 21 to 64 years. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the masculine/instrumental trait and the feminine/expressive trait were positively related to men’s psychological well-being and self-rated health, so that men whose self-concept includes both masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive characteristics presented greater psychological well-being and better self-rated health. The feminine/expressive trait was associated with lower psychological distress yet only in case of men with low social support. Self-esteem and social support were important predictors of men’s health, in such a way that men who had high self-esteem and social support reported higher ratings of psychological well-being, better self-rated health, and less psychological distress. The implications of these findings for promoting men’s health and well-being are discussed.

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The relationship between early personality and midlife psychological well-being: evidence from a UK birth cohort study

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-008-0355-8 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (9) ◽

pp. 679-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Rosemary A. Abbott ◽

Tim J. Croudace ◽

George B. Ploubidis ◽

Diana Kuh ◽

Marcus Richards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Well Being ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

The Relationship

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Mediation effect of anger rumination on the relationship between dimensions of anger and anger control with mental health

International journal of psychological research ◽

10.21500/20112084.732 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 8-17

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali Besharat ◽

Samane Pourbohlool

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Well Being ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Anger Control ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Anger Rumination ◽

State Anger ◽

Iranian Students ◽

The Relationship

The aim of this study was to examine mediation effect of anger rumination on the relationship between dimensions of anger and anger control including trait anger, state anger, anger in, anger out, anger-control in, and anger-control out with mental health in a sample of Iranian students. A total of 449 volunteer students (234 girls, 215 boys) were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the Tehran Multidimensional Anger Scale (TMAS; Besharat, 2008), Anger Rumination Scale (ARS; Sukhodolsky, Golub, & Cromwell, 2001), and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI; Veit & Ware, 1983). Anger rumination mediated the relationship between dimensions of anger and anger control with mental health in opposite directions. Analysis of the data revealed that higher levels of anger was associated with lower levels of psychological well-being as well as higher levels of psychological distress. In contrast, higher levels of anger control were associated with higher levels of psychological well-being as well as lower levels of psychological distress. Mediation effect of anger rumination for the association of anger dimensions with mental health was full for psychological well-being and partial for psychological distress. Conversely, mediation effect of anger rumination for the association of anger control dimensions with mental health was partial for psychological well-being and full for psychological distress.

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Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers at acute hospital settings in the South-East of Ireland: an observational cohort multicentre study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042930 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e042930

Author(s):

Saied Ali ◽

Sinead Maguire ◽

Eleanor Marks ◽

Maeve Doyle ◽

Claire Sheehy

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Well Being ◽

Acute Hospital ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

The South ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Observational Cohort

ObjectiveOur study aims to understand the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers (HCWs) at acute hospital settings in the South-East of Ireland, as a crucial step in guiding policies and interventions to maintain their psychological well-being.DesignObservational cohort study.Participants and setting472 HCWs participated from two distinct acute hospital settings, A and B, in the South-East of Ireland.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMeasures of psychological distress—depression, anxiety, acute and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—as dictated by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). An independent sample t-test and a Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine significance of difference in continuous variables between groups. Categorical variables were assessed for significance with a χ2 test for independence.ResultsThe DASS-21 provided independent measures of depression (mean 4.57, IQR 2–7), anxiety (mean 3.87, IQR 1–6) and stress (mean 7.41, IQR 4–10). Positive scores were reflected in 201 workers (42.6%) for depression and 213 (45.1%) for both anxiety and stress. The IES-R measured subjective distress on three subscales: intrusion (mean 1.085, IQR 0.375–1.72), avoidance (mean 1.008, IQR 0.375–1.5) and hyperarousal (mean 1.084, IQR 0.5–1.667). Overall, 195 cases (41.3%) were concerning for PTSD. Site B scored significantly higher across all parameters of depression (5.24 vs 4.08, p<0.01), anxiety (4.66 vs 3.3, p<0.01), stress (8.91 vs 6.33, p<0.01) and PTSD (0.058 vs 0.043, p<0.01). Worse outcomes were also noted in HCWs with underlying medical ailments.ConclusionPsychological distress is prevalent among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic; screening for adverse mental and emotional outcomes and developing timely tailored preventative measures with effective feedback are vital to protect their psychological well-being, both in the immediate and long-term.

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Associations Between Dutch LGBT Hate Crime Experience, Well-Being, Trust in the Police and Future Hate Crime Reporting

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 171-182

Author(s):

Allard R. Feddes ◽

Kai J. Jonas

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Hate Crime ◽

Well Being ◽

Crime Victims ◽

Crime Reporting ◽

Survey Study ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Building Trust ◽

Reporting Intentions

Abstract. LGBT-related hate crime is a conscious act of aggression against an LGBT citizen. The present research investigates associations between hate crime, psychological well-being, trust in the police and intentions to report future experiences of hate crime. A survey study was conducted among 391 LGBT respondents in the Netherlands. Sixteen percent experienced hate crime in the 12 months prior. Compared to non-victims, victims had significant lower psychological well-being, lower trust in the police and lower intentions to report future hate crime. Hate crime experience and lower psychological well-being were associated with lower reporting intentions through lower trust in the police. Helping hate crime victims cope with psychological distress in combination with building trust in the police could positively influence future reporting.

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