Colonial Lahore

Author(s):  
Ian Talbot ◽  
Tahir Kamran

Chapter one firstly discusses the spatial development of colonial Lahore with the creation of the Civil Lines, the Cantonment and the Mall. These areas contained such imposing new buildings as the GPO, the High Court and the Museum. Later the prestigious suburb of Model Town with its well-ordered streets, parks and bungalows was created. Secondly, the chapter looks at the migration to the city which led to its rapid growth in the colonial era. Lahore’s administrative importance, its commercial development and its emergence as the leading educational centre for North India provided the context for migration. The chapter reveals the role of migrants such as Lala Harkishen Lal in Lahore’s commercial activities and Lala Lajpat Rai in its institutional and cultural development. The role of migrants from Delhi such as Muhammad Hussain Azad and Altaf Hussain Hali is also discussed with respect to establishing the city as a major centre of Urdu culture.culture.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Aisyiah Rasyid

Penelitian ini berusaha menjelaskan proses Islamisasi di Manado di mana dakwah Alkhairaat sebagai objeknya, karena dianggap memiliki peran penting dalam proses Islamisasi tersebut, terutama dalam mengimbangi dan membendung arus missionaris pada masa kolonial. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sejarah yang dibatasi dari tahun 1947-1960. Pembatasan ini dikarenakan pada tahun 1947 pendidikan dan dakwah Akhairaat mulai menjamur dan turut mewarnai semaraknya penggunaan ruang di Manado pascakolonial. Pada tahun 1960, dakwah Alkhairaat semakin terlihat dengan didirikannya pesantren Alkhairaat, yang terletak di Komo Luar, sebagai pesantren pertama di Manado. Penggunaan metode sejarah: heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi, tentunya menjadi keharusan dalam penelitian ini guna mendapatkan karya ilmiah yang bersifat sejarah kritis. Hasil penelitian kemudian menunjukkan proses Islamisasi dan perkembangan Islam di Manado pada pertengahan abad ke-20, tidak terlepas dari peran penting Alkhairaat di bidang dakwah dan pendidikan. Sejak tahun 1947 mcgf eadrasah Alkhairaat telah menjamur di Manado, hingga pada tahun 1960 berdirilah pesantren Alkhairaat pertama di Komo Luar Manado. Pada rentan waktu yang bersamaan juga terjadi perubahan sosial-budaya masyarakat Islam Manado yang menonjolkan sikap tawasuth (moderat), tasammuh (toleransi), tawazzun (seimbang), dan ta’addul (adil), yang kesemuanya mencerminkan nilai-nilai agama.    Kata Kunci: Islamisasi, dakwah Alkhairaat, masyarakat majemuk, Kota ManadoIslamization and Al-Khairat Da’wah in Compound Society in the city of Manado between 1947-1960This research tries to explain the process of Islamization in Manado where the Alkhairaat Da’wah as the object, as it is viewed to have important role in the process, especially to offset and stem the missionary during the colonial era. This research is a historical one limited to the 1947-1960 period of time. The limitation is due to the fact that in 1947, the Alkhairat education and da’wah started blossoming and put color in public spaces in the postcolonial Manado. In 1960, the Alkhairaat da’wah became more visible for the establishment of their pesantren located in  Komo Luar as the first pesantren in Manado. Heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography are essential methods in order to achieve a critical history. The research finding then shows that Islamization process and Islamic progress in Manado in mid 20 AD can be separated from the important role of Alkhairaat in da’wah and education. In the same period of time, Socio-cultural changes occur among Islamic society in Manado that promote views of tawasuth (moderat) tasammuh (tolerant), tawazzun (balance), and taaddul (fair) which reflect the religion views.Keywords: the Alkhairaat da’wah, Ccompound society, the City of Manado


Author(s):  
Rakesh Pandey

Dharamvir Bharati was one of the most versatile literary figures of modern Hindi Literature in independent India. Born on 25 December, 1926 in a Kayastha family in Allahabad in North India, Bharati grew up witnessing one of the most creative phases in the field of politics, education and literature during late colonial era of which the city was a central node. Bharati majored in Hindi literature at the University of Allahabad (gaining an MA in 1946 and a Ph.D in 1954) and devoted himself to researching mediaeval literary traditions of the Siddhas, a Buddhist Vajrayan sect. He later joined the same university as a lecturer before moving to Bombay in 1960 as the editor of the Hindi weekly Dharmayug, a position which he held until 1987. Bharati’s wider literary reputation rings the name of the play Andha Yug (1954), based on the episodes of the Mahabharata, and two novels, Gunahon Ka Devata (1949) and Suraj Ka Satwan Ghoda (1952), capturing the themes of his city’s social life. Later Bharati earned a unique reputation as a writer-editor who nurtured a new style of journalistic writing in Hindi.


Author(s):  
Barbara L. Jenkins

Abstract: Toronto is experiencing a building boom, with eight major cultural construction projects in the works. These new monuments, part of what the City of Toronto calls its “Cultural Renaissance,” are intended to bolster the city’s reputation as an international economic and cultural capital. Albeit architecturally important, these buildings are better understood in the context of contemporary patterns of global economic competition and the changing role of culture in capitalist production. They also assert national identity and reflect a reorientation of Canadian cultural policy. This paper analyzes Toronto’s “Cultural Renaissance” in light of changing cultural policies at the municipal, provincial, and federal levels, examining the role these new buildings will play in terms of promoting cultural tourism, city “branding,” and nationalism. Résumé : La ville de Toronto connaît actuellement un boum immobilier comprenant huit projets culturels majeurs. Ces nouveaux monuments, qui feront partie de ce qu’elle appelle une « Renaissance culturelle », visent à accroître la réputation de la ville en tant que capitale économique et culturelle internationale. Ces immeubles sont importants du point de vue architectural, mais leur fonction se comprend mieux dans le contexte de la concurrence économique mondiale actuelle et du rôle changeant de la culture dans la production capitaliste. Ils affirment en outre l’identité nationale et reflètent une réorientation de la politique culturelle canadienne. Cet article analyse cette « Renaissance culturelle » torontoise à la lumière des politiques culturelles changeantes aux niveaux municipal, provincial et fédéral, examinant le rôle que ces nouveaux immeubles joueront dans la promotion du tourisme culturel et du nationalisme et dans la mise en valeur de la ville en tant que « marque ».


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
David Tilt

This paper considers the relationship between the legal regulation of haute couture in Europe and the importance of “the city” as the locus of complex cultural, legal, and geographical forces. Haute couture and its legal framework are used as a case study to investigate how local dynamics – in this case, focusing on the role of the city – can shape the national and international legal responses to a cultural phenomenon, as well as provide a more complete understanding of how culturally significant practices acquire such an enduring meaningfulness in society.   Connecting the role of ‘the city’ and legal regulation is particularly interesting through the lens of haute couture because while cities are frequent hosts to artistic or cultural movements, haute couture resulted in an elaborate system of strict regulation that extends beyond the ordinary intellectual property toolbox. This framework has a broader function than national intellectual property law because it not only reflects the legal dynamic of a particular industry, but the cultural and artistic practices of a specific, and particularly localised in this case, city.   Haute couture is a demonstration of the complex relationship between local, national, and international modalities of law-making. Haute couture emerged as a niche, city-specific, cultural development yet it resulted in a national framework of regulation that reinforced the centralisation of Paris in haute couture, building and further supporting localisation and sub-localisation in the context of the dense network of fashion houses, ateliers, and schools.


Author(s):  
Ian Talbot ◽  
Tahir Kamran

Chapter four discusses the impact of colonial rule on traditional cultural and sporting pastimes and the new activities that emerged, most notably cricket. There are three case studies of mushairas (poetic contests), wrestling and cricket. The chapter reveals how their key participants in Lahore were able to perform on a wider stage because of the communications revolution. Nonetheless, they remained rooted in the mohallas and local institutions of the city. Lahore’s mushairas of the 1870s which received contributions from Muhammad Hussain Azad and Altaf Hussain Hali are seen as possessing an important impact on the evolution of Urdu poetry in North India. Competitions took Lahore’s most famous wrestler Gama from his akhara (wrestling arena) in the city to England. Many of Lahore’s most famous colonial era cricketers lived in the Bhati Gate and Mochi Gate area. The fierce rivalry in the 1920s and 1930s between Islamia College and Government College drew talent from across the Punjab. Cricket was not divided on communal lines, Lala Amarnath the future Indian test captain who toured England in the 1930s played for the Crescent Club based at Minto Park which was patronized by the middle class Rana family of the Mochi Gate locality.


Author(s):  
Ian Talbot ◽  
Tahir Kamran

The chapter discusses the growth of western tourism to Lahore in the closing decades of the nineteenth century. Tourism was made possible by the emergence of steam ships and railways and the opening of the Suez Canal. The pioneering role of the Thomas Cook Company is highlighted. The 1906 Royal visit of the future George V and the writings of Rudyard Kipling further increased interest in the city amongst the wealthy and leisured western classes. Travel perpetuated Orientalist stereotypes of the city. The chapter examines a range of guidebooks, including the Newell Guide and later motorists’ guides produced by the Automobile Association of North India revealing how they reproduced the colonial official accounts of Lahore’s history that played down its wider commercial connections. The chapter concludes with an examination of the more discerning view of the city in the 1912 unpublished travel account of the Fabian socialists Sydney and Beatrice Webb.


1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geofrey T. Mills

This paper offers an explanation of why double-entry bookkeeping developed in the city-states of Northern Italy in the years 1200–1350, and then how it then spread from there to the rest of Europe. Increased economic activity initiated soon after the start of the Crusades, but then growing into an explosion of Italian trade by 1350, provided Genoa, Florence, and Venice with enormous trading opportunities. This expansion of trade created, in turn, the need for a much improved accounting technique. The spread of double entry was greatly abetted by the advent of cheap business arithmetics and grammars made possible by the invention of the moveable type printing. Venice was especially advanced in her printing industry during the years after 1500. Thus, it was that the double entry system was created in Northern Italy between 1200–1350 primarily due to the development of the regional economy, and from there spread to the rest of Europe helped immeasurably by access to cheaply printed books.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-49
Author(s):  
Yasira Naeem Pasha ◽  
Shahla Adnan ◽  
Reena Majid Memon ◽  
Tania Ali Soomro ◽  
Asim Mobeen

The socioeconomic profile of the sub-urban areas in Pakistan is a matter of concern for the presumable developments in the future. The micro urban areas are the indicators of the prospective developments in the city. The role of the prevailing socioeconomic patterns in the city is important for the future developmental opportunities to be identified. These socioeconomic behaviours are depicted through several factors which indicate the behaviours of the inhabitants and the opportunities and discrepancies the particular area is facing. The objective of this research is to explore the socioeconomic behaviour of the inhabitants of the selected area in order to analyze the comprehensive socioeconomic profile of the area. It adopts the mixed methods approach to conduct the research surveys and necessary documentation. It also signifies the understanding of the socioeconomic profiles of the inhabitants in the area by analyzing their historic background, work profiles, expenditure distribution, educational aspects, commercial activities, transport facilities, and the provision of amenities. The findings are detailed out in a quantitative mode and further summarized in the SWOT analysis which also indicates the potential areas for the future developments. The current study takes into account the collective socioeconomic profiles and concludes the organic growth. Moreover, the findings are also helpful to establish that the socioeconomic profiles of the area which can be useful for suggesting the developmental patterns for the betterment of the area. 


Author(s):  
Yasira Naeem Pasha ◽  
Shahla Adnan ◽  
Reena Majid Memon ◽  
Tania Ali Soomro ◽  
Asim Mobeen

The socioeconomic profile of the sub-urban areas in Pakistan is a matter of concern for the presumable developments in the future. The micro urban areas are the indicators of the prospective developments in the city. The role of the prevailing socioeconomic patterns in the city is important for the future developmental opportunities to be identified. These socioeconomic behaviours are depicted through several factors which indicate the behaviours of the inhabitants and the opportunities and discrepancies the particular area is facing. The objective of this research is to explore the socioeconomic behaviour of the inhabitants of the selected area in order to analyze the comprehensive socioeconomic profile of the area. It adopts the mixed methods approach to conduct the research surveys and necessary documentation. It also signifies the understanding of the socioeconomic profiles of the inhabitants in the area by analyzing their historic background, work profiles, expenditure distribution, educational aspects, commercial activities, transport facilities, and the provision of amenities. The findings are detailed out in a quantitative mode and further summarized in the SWOT analysis which also indicates the potential areas for the future developments. The current study takes into account the collective socioeconomic profiles and concludes the organic growth. Moreover, the findings are also helpful to establish that the socioeconomic profiles of the area which can be useful for suggesting the developmental patterns for the betterment of the area. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-43

This article sheds light on the history of the city of Jerusalem during the early Abbasid period (132-247 AH/749-861 AD), after the city had reached the most advanced stages of architectural and cultural development in the Umayyad period, based on it being a religious and political center competing with the Two Holy Mosques in the Hijaz. After the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate, the political role of the city of Jerusalem lessened, once the center of the caliphate moved to Baghdad, despite the continued care of the Abbasid caliphs for the city, especially regarding restorations of the holy sites, after the natural disasters that afflicted the city. The study also sheds light on the cultural and economic role of the city during the period.


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