scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE, CULTURAL, URBAN AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN JERUSALEM IN THE EARLY ABBASID PERIOD (132-247 AH/749-861 AD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Political Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Umayyad Caliphate ◽  
The City

This article sheds light on the history of the city of Jerusalem during the early Abbasid period (132-247 AH/749-861 AD), after the city had reached the most advanced stages of architectural and cultural development in the Umayyad period, based on it being a religious and political center competing with the Two Holy Mosques in the Hijaz. After the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate, the political role of the city of Jerusalem lessened, once the center of the caliphate moved to Baghdad, despite the continued care of the Abbasid caliphs for the city, especially regarding restorations of the holy sites, after the natural disasters that afflicted the city. The study also sheds light on the cultural and economic role of the city during the period.

scholarly journals CONTRIBUTION OF RUSSIAN EMIGRATION TO THE WORK OF PRINTING HOUSE “SAINT EMPEROR CONSTANTINE” IN THE CITY OF NIS (KINGDOM OF YUGOSLAVIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Velimir Ilić ◽  
Nenad Blagojević
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Graphic Artist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kingdom Of Yugoslavia ◽  
The City ◽  
Southeastern Serbia ◽  
Printing House

The article focuses on the publications of Russian émigrés, published in the first ecclesiastical printing house in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which opened in 1925 in the city of Niš. The article describes the history of its foundation, as well as the reorganization of its activities during the economic crisis of the first half of the 1930s, which opened another “Russian episode” (besides the foundation itself) in the history of Niš printing house. At that time the main role belonged to the two Russian refugees living in Niš - Artem Bellubekov, who was appointed to the position of the head of the printing house, and Nikolay Makarenko, who worked as the main binder and graphic artist. The article also contains a review of publications by two authors - Alexander Petrovich Kurachinov and Elisaveta Glukhovtsova, whose books were published in the printing house “Saint Emperor Constantin” in the city of Niš in the 1940s. The authors hope that this article will play an important role in informing contemporary researchers of the Russian émigré́ about the creative work of A.P. Kurachinov and E. Glukhovtsova, which so far has not come to the attention of scholars. The collected material can be useful for further study of the role of Russian emigration in southeastern Serbia and its impact on the cultural development of this region. The material can also contribute to a deeper understanding of the specifics of activities of representatives of émigré́ movement in this territory, which were free of influence of large emigrant centers. The authors of the paper also pay attention to the fate of the printing house of the Pochaev Lavra, which continued its existence in the structure of the printing house “Saint Emperor Constantin” of the city of Niš.

Case Study: Rome's House of Memory and History: The Politics of Memory and Public Institutions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Portelli
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ambitious Program ◽  
The City

This article centers around the case study of Rome's House of Memory and History to understand the politics of memory and public institutions. This case study is about the organization and politics of public memory: the House of Memory and History, established by the city of Rome in 2006, in the framework of an ambitious program of cultural policy. It summarizes the history of the House's conception and founding, describes its activities and the role of oral history in them, and discusses some of the problems it faces. The idea of a House of Memory and History grew in this cultural and political context. This article traces several political events that led to the culmination of the politics of memory and its effect on public institutions. It says that the House of Memory and History can be considered a success. A discussion on a cultural future winds up this article.

scholarly journals A history of uremic toxicity and of the European Uremic Toxin Work Group (EUTox)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Vanholder ◽  
Angel Argiles ◽  
Joachim Jankowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Group ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Uremic Toxin ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Abstract The uremic syndrome is a complex clinical picture developing in the advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) resulting in a myriad of complications and a high early mortality. This picture is to a significant extent defined by retention of metabolites and peptides that with a preserved kidney function are excreted or degraded by the kidneys. In as far as those solutes have a negative biological/biochemical impact, they are called uremic toxins. Here, we describe the historical evolution of the scientific knowledge about uremic toxins and the role played in this process by the European Uremic Toxin Work Group (EUTox) during the last two decades. The earliest knowledge about a uremic toxin goes back to the early 17th century when the existence of what later would appear to be urea was recognized. It cost about two further centuries to better define the role of urea and its link to kidney failure and one more century to identify the relevance of post-translational modifications caused by urea such as carbamoylation. The knowledge progressively extended, especially from 1980 on, by the identification of more and more toxins and their adverse biological/biochemical impact. Progress of knowledge was paralleled and impacted by evolution of dialysis strategies. The last two decades, when Insights grew exponentially, coincides with the foundation and activity of EUTox. In the final section we summarize the role and accomplishments of EUTox and the part it is likely to play in future action, which should be organized around focus points like biomarker and potential target identification, intestinal generation, toxicity mechanisms and their correction, kidney and extracorporeal removal, patient-oriented outcomes, and toxin characteristics in acute kidney injury and transplantation.

scholarly journals Kampus Uniwersytecki Morasko w Poznaniu – geneza, struktura przestrzenno-funkcjonalna, obsługa transportowa

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kulczyńska ◽  
Natalia Borowicz ◽  
Karolina Piwnicka-Wdowikowska
Keyword(s):  
Functional Structure ◽  
Recreational Sports ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Morasko University Campus in Poznań – origin, spatial and functional structure, transport solutions The purpose of the paper is to characterize the most recently created part of the Adam Mickiewicz University – the Morasko Campus. The paper consists of three parts. The first concerns the origins and development of the campus. The second part presents its spatial and functional structure on the basis of a field inventory, while the third one – campus transport solutions based on a survey conducted among students. The history of the campus located in the northern, peripheral part of the city began with laying the foundation act and the cornerstone in 1977. The agricultural role of this area, dominant until the 1980s, has been replaced with new functions, mainly academic and scientific ones. The first university buildings were commissioned in the 1990s, and the construction boom began after 2000. A total of nine faculties (out of 21 existing) are housed in eight buildings in the campus, including exact and natural sciences, as well as a part of social sciences and humanities. To this day, neither student dormitories nor accommodation for PhD students have been constructed (although they are likely to be built), which would emphasize the academic function of the campus. The campus also comprises areas with recreational, sports, residential and other service functions (e.g. catering, beauty, hairdressing, and commercial services), which are complemented by areas that serve transport functions. Location in the northern periphery of the city, and above all the railway line for freight (the northern bypass of Poznań) separating the city from the campus, makes transport to this part of the city limited. The results of the survey revealed a lack of a safe bicycle path between the western and eastern part of the campus, insufficient number of parking places for motorists, a lack of paved roads from the north and west, only three narrow access roads for car commuters, and difficult access by public transport to the eastern and north-eastern parts. In the latter case, the planned extension of the tram line towards Umultowo after the year 2022 is expected to solve the problem. Zarys treści: Celem opracowania jest charakterystyka najmłodszej przestrzeni Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza – Kampusu Morasko. Opracowanie składa się z trzech zasadniczych części. Pierwsza część artykułu dotyczy genezy powstania i rozbudowy miasteczka uniwersyteckiego. W drugiej części przedstawiono strukturę przestrzenno-funkcjonalną kampusu w oparciu o inwentaryzację terenową, w trzeciej zaś obsługę transportową na podstawie badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród studentów. Historia położonego w północnej, peryferyjnej części miasta kampusu rozpoczęła się od wmurowania aktu erekcyjnego i kamienia węgielnego w 1977 r. Dominująca do lat 80. XX w. funkcja rolnicza tego obszaru została zastąpiona przez nowe funkcje, głównie akademickie i naukowe. Pierwsze budynki dydaktyczne oddano do użytku dopiero w latach 90. ubiegłego wieku, a boom budowlany rozpoczął się po roku 2000. Swoją siedzibę znalazły tutaj nauki ścisłe i przyrodnicze, a także część nauk społecznych i humanistycznych, w sumie dziewięć wydziałów (na 21 istniejących) w ośmiu budynkach. Do dzisiaj nie wybudowano akademików czy domu doktoranta (choć istnieją realne szanse na ich powstanie), co podkreśliłoby funkcję akademicką kampusu. W strukturze kampusu wyróżnia się ponadto obszary o funkcjach rekreacyjnych, rekreacyjno-sportowych, mieszkaniowych i innych o charakterze usługowym (np. usługi gastronomiczne, kosmetyczne, fryzjerskie, handel), których uzupełnieniem są obszary o funkcjach komunikacyjnych. Położenie na północnych peryferiach miasta, a przede wszystkim linia kolejowa dla przewozów towarowych (północna obwodnica Poznania) oddzielająca miasto od kampusu sprawiają, że obsługa transportowa tej części miasta jest ograniczona. Wyniki badań ankietowych wskazują na brak bezpiecznej drogi rowerowej między zachodnią i północno-wschodnią częścią kampusu, niewystarczającą liczbę miejsc parkingowych dla zmotoryzowanych, brak utwardzonych dróg od strony północnej i zachodniej, zaledwie trzy wąskie wjazdy na kampus dla dojeżdżających samochodem czy utrudniony dojazd komunikacją publiczną do części wschodniej i północno-wschodniej. W tym ostatnim przypadku rozwiązaniem ma być planowana po 2022 r. rozbudowa linii tramwajowej w kierunku Umultowa.

scholarly journals High Voltage of the City: The Development of Siberian Historical Urban Studies in the Works of an Irkutsk Historian (to the 70th Anniversary of the Birth of Professor Vadim Shakherov)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-751
Author(s):  
Natalya Gavrilova ◽  
Irina Dameshek ◽  
Sofia Kuras
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
State University ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Research Career ◽  
20Th Century History ◽  
Merchant Class ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The City

The article provides the analysis of the main stages in the research career of the famous historian, urbanist and expert in the history of Siberian entrepreneurship, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor V. Shakherov. The evolution of the scholar’s scientific interests is highlighted in the text. The author outlines the main areas of the scientist’s research: studying the role of the city in building economic and socio-cultural environment of Siberia in the period from the 18th to the early 20th century, history of merchant class and entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Siberia, history of banking and credit system of the region, historic and cultural monuments of Siberia. The article presents the analysis of Shakherov’s major works, which reflect his contribution to the development of Siberian studies. Special attention is paid to his scientific, pedagogical and social activity aimed at preserving historical heritage of Irkutsk. The author of the article emphasizes that the research career of V. Shakherov and History Faculty of Irkutsk State University are tightly connected.

scholarly journals Development history and social role of writing

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Ye Tuyte ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Writing is very important for human society. This is the highest indicator of cultural development. Writing provides linguistic communication between people. For many centuries man has been using writing to communicate with each other. It helps to connect people who are from each other both at close and at a great distance. The article examines the problem of the origin of writing in the history of mankind, the history of the formation and development of the known types of writing, as well as its social role (functions). The article reveals the issues of the process of improving writing: its meaning in the development of society, the main stages of its formation. The letter has a long and complex history of its development, which covers a period of several thousand years. Therefore, the article determines the place of pictographic, ideographic, syllabic and letter psychology in meeting social needs. of its time. The writing of the peoples of the world has developed along different paths, the writing of each language of the world has its own characteristics that distinguish it from all other types of written speech. The article covers in detail such issues as the approximate time of the origin of writing, the causes and foundations of its occurrence, i.e. the factors that influenced its emergence, as well as the first users of writing, the form of the first writing, its evolutionary development over time, existing today types and signs of writing. The issues of the alphabet that caused the origin of writing (writing), the first sounds and types of Phoenician writing, its improvement, Greek and Aramaic writing, which caused the origin of the alphabet of the countries of the West and the East, problems of the science of descriptiveness — the problem of graphics, spelling, transcription and transliteration are considered.

scholarly journals Apuntes para una mecánica política del paisaje (Ilustrados con algunas escenas barcelonesas) | Notes on the politics of landscape (Illustrated with a few scenes of Barcelona)

ZARCH ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ténez Ybern
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Recent History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Si asumimos que el paisaje es el resultado perceptible de la relación dinámica entre un determinado grupo humano y su medio; esa definición que se cuenta entre las de más consenso entre aquellos que dicen hacer paisajes, suscita de inmediato ciertas preguntas: ¿Cuál es el papel de aquel que pretende crear paisajes, si el paisaje es un proceso que se da por si solo? ¿Hasta qué punto incide cambiar el aspecto de un lugar en esa relación entre la gente y su entorno cotidiano?El texto pretende explorar las consecuencias de esas paradójicas preguntas, a partir de una primera hipótesis: la del carácter intrínsecamente político del proyecto del paisaje. De esta hipótesis parte la intención de mostrar la evolución de la reflexión sobre ese papel político del hacer paisajes, en el que el hacedor de paisajes que está siempre situado entre los equilibrios de poder que se establecen entre las instituciones y la gente. A partir de aquí, se analizan algunos momentos clave de la historia de ese paisaje político, donde el “hacedor de paisajes” intenta encontrar su lugar.En el horizonte del texto, aparecen también imágenes de la historia reciente de mi ciudad, a modo de ilustración de lo dicho. If we accept that landscape is the perceptible result of the dynamic relationship process between a specific human group and an environment, this definition, which enjoys the most acceptance among those people who ‘make landscape’, immediately raises certain questions: What is the role of the person who aims to create landscapes, if landscape is a process that takes place on its own? To what point does this affect the relationship between people and their daily setting?This article initially aims to explore the consequences of that paradox through a first hypothesis: the intrinsically political nature of the landscape project. This hypothesis springs from the intention of describing the evolution of the reflection on this political role of making landscape, in which ‘landscape makers’ constantly find themselves affected by the balance of power established between institutions and people. Subsequently, analysis will be conducted on a series of key periods in the history of the political landscape in which landscape makers endeavour to find their place.Pictures of the recent history of my city appear interspersed within the text, in order to illustrate what has been described.

scholarly journals Le pietre di Ca’ Foscari: Ruskin e il Palazzo

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Clegg ◽  
Emma Sdegno
Keyword(s):  
Grand Canal ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Grand Canal ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

Our contribution concerns a phase in the history of the building that gives the University its name. When Ruskin came to Venice in 1845 he was horrified by the decayed state of the palaces on the Grand Canal, and by the drastic restorations in progress. In recording their features in measurements, drawings and daguerreotypes, Ca’ Foscari took priority, and his studies of its traceries constitute a unique witness. This work also helped generate new ideas on the role of shadow in architectural aesthetic, and on the characteristics of Gothic, which were to bear fruit in The Seven Lamps and The Stones of Venice. In his late guide to the city, St Mark’s Rest, Ruskin addressed «the few travellers who still care for her monuments» and offered the Venetian Republic’s laws regulating commerce as a model for modern England. Whether or not he knew of the founding of a commercial studies institute at Ca’ Foscari in 1868, he would certainly have hoped that it would teach principles of fair and just trading, as well as of respectful tourism.

Retrieving Prostitutes' Live Source Materials and an Approach for Writing the History of the Ah Ku and Karayuki-San of Singapore

Itinerario ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Warren
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social History ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Source Materials

A new found interest in social history, recent developments in historical thought and methodology and a fresh awareness of the importance of gender-specific experience have led historians to question an ‘ordinary woman's place’ in Singa- pore's past. In the historiography of Singapore, there is a need to foreground the critical importance of the ah ku and karayuki-san in the sex,politics and society of the city, stressing not only alterations in their life and circumstance, but also variations in the role of the colonial government, and changes in the ideology of sex and social policy.

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