School-Based Clinical Practice and School Reform

Author(s):  
Joanne Corbin
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-704
Author(s):  
Katrina Fulcher-Rood ◽  
Anny Castilla-Earls ◽  
Jeff Higginbotham

Purpose The current investigation is a follow-up from a previous study examining child language diagnostic decision making in school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The purpose of this study was to examine the SLPs' perspectives regarding the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in their clinical work. Method Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 25 school-based SLPs who previously participated in an earlier study by Fulcher-Rood et al. 2018). SLPs were asked questions regarding their definition of EBP, the value of research evidence, contexts in which they implement scientific literature in clinical practice, and the barriers to implementing EBP. Results SLPs' definitions of EBP differed from current definitions, in that SLPs only included the use of research findings. SLPs seem to discuss EBP as it relates to treatment and not assessment. Reported barriers to EBP implementation were insufficient time, limited funding, and restrictions from their employment setting. SLPs found it difficult to translate research findings to clinical practice. SLPs implemented external research evidence when they did not have enough clinical expertise regarding a specific client or when they needed scientific evidence to support a strategy they used. Conclusions SLPs appear to use EBP for specific reasons and not for every clinical decision they make. In addition, SLPs rely on EBP for treatment decisions and not for assessment decisions. Educational systems potentially present other challenges that need to be considered for EBP implementation. Considerations for implementation science and the research-to-practice gap are discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Gro Hellesdatter Jacobsen ◽  
Doris Overgaard Larsen ◽  
Ole Steen Nielsen

ResuméMed skolereformen fra 2014 har pædagoger fået en ny rolle i skolen, hvor de bl.a. varetager ”understøttende undervisning”. Det er dog stadig ikke helt klart, hvad pædagoger kan bidrage med i skolen, og hvordan deres bidrag forholder sig til lærernes. Med denne artikel præsenterer vi, med udgangspunkt i et almenpædagogisk perspektiv, et mere udfoldet bud på, hvad pædagoger kan bidrage med i skolen, og særligt hvordan de kan bidrage til at mindske marginalisering af børn. Vi argumenterer for, at pædagoger frem for at benytte sig af tydeligt instruerede aktiviteter, der minder om lærernes undervisning, med fordel kan benytte sig af arrangementet som en pædagogisk handlingsform, hvor den pædagogiske intention bevidst holdes svag for børnene. Hermed kan pædagoger bruge deres pædagogiske faglighed til at fremme børns medvirken i egne lærings- og dannelsesprocesser samt mindske marginalisering i skole og SFO. AbstractThe Danish school reform (2014) has given pedagogues (social educators) a new role in primary schools, where they among other things provide "supportive teaching". However, it is still not quite clear how pedagogues contribute and how their contribution relates to that of the teachers. Based on a general pedagogical theoretical perspective, we propose a more detailed description of pedagogues’ contribution in the school context, with a particular focus on reducing marginalization of children. We argue that pedagogues, rather than using clearly instructed activities similar to teachers' lessons, should make use of ”the pedagogical arrangement” as a form of action, in which the pedagogues’ intention is deliberately kept subtle. In this way, pedagogues may use their pedagogical expertise to promote children's involvement in their own learning and Bildung processes and to reduce marginalization in schools and school-based leisure time facilities.


Author(s):  
Marisa Nelson ◽  
Laura Wilson

Purpose: The purpose of this research was (a) to examine school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') implicit attitudes toward immigrants and how these relate to prioritization and use of best practices when assessing multilingual children and (b) to determine if key demographic factors relate to the use and prioritization of these best practices. Method: Eighty-six certified SLPs ranked how they prioritize and use best practices in multilingual assessments and completed an online immigrant Implicit Association Test. Results: The majority of participants exhibited a strong implicit bias against immigrants (median D-score of 0.84, interquartile range: 0.49), but no significant relationship was found between increasing bias and lower prioritization or use of best practices. Increased years working as an SLP and increasingly distant personal relationships to immigration were related to lower prioritization and use of some best practices. An unexpected association included increased reported use of interpreters with increasing implicit bias against immigrants. Conclusions: This research found a strong implicit bias against immigrants among participating school-based SLPs, consistent with previous work detailing health professionals' preferences for ingroups over outgroups. It adds to the call for further research into the impact of implicit biases on clinical practice, and the methods and merits of addressing implicit biases in targeted populations such as SLPs. This study also identified demographic factors associated with decreased prioritization and use of certain best practices when assessing multilingual children. More work is needed to learn how to mitigate these factors to ensure culturally sensitive clinical practice. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16799638


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Ottley ◽  
Christan Grygas Coogle ◽  
Jon Ryan Pigman ◽  
Doug Sturgeon ◽  
Sara Helfrich

Online special educator preparation programs are growing in prevalence and popularity. Yet, implementing a clinical model of special educator preparation within online programs can be challenging. In this study, we explored the perspectives of the clinical model from a distance for school-based teacher educators and administrators. We conducted a survey followed by focus group interviews to identify perspectives regarding the clinical model from a distance approach and the components of a distance preparation program perceived to be critical for effective clinical practice. School-based teacher educators and administrators had favorable views of the clinical model (including clinical coaching) from a distance, indicating both feasibility and acceptability. Many perceived technology-related challenges were malleable aspects of online preparation programs that university- and school-based teacher educators can plan for in the implementation of their online program and clinical practice from a distance.


2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Westheimer

Current school reform policies that emphasize standardized tests and a narrow curriculum leave students without skills they need to participate effectively in democratic societies. This article exposes these reforms as inadequate and draws on research regarding school-based programs that seek to teach good citizenship to detail three visions of citizenship commonly found in school programs: personally responsible, participatory, and social justice-oriented. Personally responsible citizenship is the most commonly pursued but has little to do with democratic thought and action. The article concludes with three recommendations for practice.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy E. Good

Purpose This study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the role that morphological awareness instruction plays in school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) clinical practice. Issues related to their knowledge and use of morphological awareness instruction and their overall level of satisfaction with this type of treatment were examined in the survey. Method Members of the School-Based Issues Special Interest Group 16 responded to an invitation to complete an electronic survey related to morphological awareness instruction. Results The majority of the survey participants did report using morphological awareness instruction within their clinical practice. SLPs were most likely to provide morphological awareness instruction to clients in the elementary grades diagnosed with either a language learning disability or specific language impairment. Specific activities used varied across survey participants, but the majority expressed a high level of satisfaction with this type of intervention. Conclusion Data from the current survey reveal that many SLPs recognize the benefits of morphological awareness instruction. Educational and clinical implications are discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
S. Andrew Garbacz ◽  
Devon R. Minch ◽  
Phoebe Jordan ◽  
Kaitlyn Young ◽  
Mark D. Weist

Background: Partnerships with families in education settings should emphasize their roles as active and engaged co-equal partners. However, common practices in schools are to involve families at school-based events and share information with them about their child’s education in a manner that does not promote two-way interactions. Objective: The objectives of this paper are to describe relevant background on familyschool connections; approaches to promote academic performance and mental and behavioral health; and a framework to organize family partnerships that support all youth across a continuum of support intensity. Methods: A review based on the relevant family-school partnership and systems change literature was conducted. The review focused on prevention, tiered approaches that provide a continuum of support to students, and partnership-centered family engagement. Results: Research supports family-school partnerships in a tiered prevention framework. A theory of change was developed to depict the impact of family partnerships on proximal and distal outcomes. Conclusion: Implications suggest a need for partnership-centered approaches to school reform in state and federal policy to support investments in school and district initiatives. Initiatives should embed culturally sensitive practices so that all children can thrive. Future directions for investigating effective approaches for family partnerships are described.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Coreno ◽  
Angela H. Ciccia

AbstractAttention to pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) has grown in recent years, likely due to the increased awareness of mild TBI (mTBI) in contact sports. With this increased attention, along with an increased diagnosis of injury, more students with TBI need services, especially as they return to the classroom environment and progress through school. Support of students with TBI of all severities requires an interdisciplinary team with the school-based speech-language pathologist playing a critical role. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide a clinically focused summary of the complexities that exist for students with TBI of all severities and practical steps that can be implemented in clinical practice to enhance service provision for students with TBI.


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