Reading the Archives as Sources

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
Changing Role

Archives used in Africanist historical research include those of the colonial state, postcolonial national archives, missionary archives, personal papers, political party archives, and the archives of corporations and international agencies involved in African affairs. Africanists historians generally accept that these archives are not transparent renditions of the past; they represent and even reproduce power relations related to colonialism and its legacies. Nonetheless, careful readings have enabled Africanist historians to understand the structural order and logic these archives (the archival grain), and thus demonstrate colonial (or other) power relations implicated in the collections. Reading archives against the grain can also reveal alternative voices and agents, however. Even as discussions of archival methodologies have been limited, archives have remained crucial sources for key trends in Africanist historical writing, including the representation of colonial hegemonies as well as African voice and agency. To advance such readings, Africanist historians develop post-positivist readings of archives that appreciate silences, dissonances, and conflicts within archives and documentation. Through a process of archival fieldwork, including a careful combing of archives, reading of files, and transcribing of select documents, historians have become adept at appreciating the grain of archives and reading the archive against this grain. The digitization of archives and digital research methods, including electronic search engines, full-text searches, online archives, and digital photography, challenge aspects of traditional archival fieldwork, holding benefits and potential setbacks for the critical appreciation of archival documentation. These challenges have sharpened with the changing role of physical documentation along with an increase in smaller archives that enable serendipitous and hodgepodge archival investigations.

scholarly journals Dynamically remembered present: Virtual memory as a basis for the stories we live

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius W. Du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Virtual Memory ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Universe

In this article memory was viewed as a crucial key to the discovery of reality. It is the basis of historical research at all levels, hence it is not confined to a function of human consciousness (brain operations): its physical vestiges are discernible in the universe, in fossils, in the DNA of species. Memory inscribes information in various ways. On a human level it is not recalled computer-wise: imagination, emotion and tacit motives play a role in how we remember. The article investigated the way in which memory underlies the operation of every cell in any living organism. Against this background the role of memory in humans and its decisive influence on every level of human life are examined. Gerald Edelman’s work in this regard was considered. Marcel Proust’s focus on memory is an underlying thread running through his novels, unrivalled in literary history. Some prominent examples were analysed in this article. In light of the foregoing the role of memory in religious experience was then discussed. The virtuality of memory is encapsulated in the statement that we remember the present whilst reliving the past. Memory characterised by virtuality is basic to our autobiographic narratives. The nature of memory determines our life stories, hence our perception of the human self as dynamically variable and open to the future.

Historiographical facts and political practice in Russia in the XVIII – beginning of the XXI centuries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.Н. Ланской
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control ◽  
Coordination And Control ◽  
Development And Evolution

Статья посвящена истории связи между развитием исторической науки и политической практики в России. В контексте этого развития представлены, с одной стороны, эволюция исторических исследований и их координации и, с другой стороны, трансформация подхода институциональных структур государства к выбору управленческой стратегии в руководстве работой историков. В качестве примера для исследования обозначенной проблемы выбран период с начала XVIII до начала XXI века, потому что в его рамках была сформирована практика профессиональной деятельности в сфере историографии как процесса человеческой деятельности. Особое внимание в статье адресовано к роли идеологии в формировании различных моделей связи между работой историков и политических деятелей по конструированию образа прошлого, настоящего и будущего развития российской истории. The article reveals the connection between the historical science development and evolution of political practice in Russia.In that context shown are the course of the historical research and the coordination and control strategies implemented by the state, including institutional transformations.As a subject of current research was taken the period from the XVIII – beginning of the XXI centuries, when historiography became a profession and was institutionalized.Special attention is driven to the role of ideology in adopting different models of interaction between historians and political actors, while framing the image of the past, the present and the future of Russia.

Hospitality, Charity and Political Legitimacy in Pre-modern Morocco

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
The Past

History has been defined as the craft of understanding the past. However, to understand the past the historian needs to go beyond the classical narrative approach and investigate phenomena which a few decades ago looked trivial to the historian or at best seemed to belong to other areas of scholarship such as anthropology or sociology. Hospitality is one of these issues, the investigation of which allows us to have a clearer picture of power relations. This paper looks at the role of hospitality in premodern Maghribī society as a legitimising factor both in the religious and political fields and the competition between the two.

The role of non-corporeal Actant theory in historical research

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Hartt ◽  
Albert J. Mills ◽  
Jean Helms Mills
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The New Deal

Purpose This paper aims to study the role of non-corporeal Actant theory in historical research through a case study of the trajectory of the New Deal as one of the foremost institutions in the USA since its inception in the early 1930s. Design/methodology/approach The authors follow the trajectory of the New Deal through a focus on Vice President Henry A. Wallace. Drawing on ANTi-History, the authors view history as a powerful discourse for organizing understandings of the past and non-corporeal Actants as a key influence on making sense of (past) events. Findings The authors conclude that non-corporeal Actants influence the shaping of management and organization studies that serve paradoxically to obfuscate history and its relationship to the past. Research limitations/implications The authors drew on a series of published studies of Henry Wallace and archival material in the Roosevelt Library, but the study would benefit from an in-depth analysis of the Wallace archives. Practical implications The authors reveal the influences of non-corporeal Actants as a method for dealing with the past. The authors do this through the use of ANTi-History as a method of historical analysis. Social implications The past is an important source of understanding of the present and future; this innovative approach increases the potential to understand. Originality/value Decisions are often black boxes. Non-Corporeal Actants are a new tool with which to see the underlying inputs of choice.

The Changing Role of the National Guard

1956 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett M. Rich ◽  
Philip H. Burch
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Military Force ◽  
National Defense ◽  
State Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dual Status ◽  
Rescue And Relief ◽  
Changing Role

The dual status of the National Guard as a component of the national defense establishment and as a military force under state control has long been an object of Congressional and military concern, and lately has drawn some scholarly attention. It has not been generally appreciated, however, that without benefit of legislation or much public notice the domestic function of the Guard has been subtly and radically transformed during the past decade. From an embodiment of force it has become largely an instrument of rescue and relief. The change appears to be bringing a welcome increase in local prestige to this sometimes neglected and often controversial organization. But it suggests a serious problem in case an atomic attack should result in the mobilization of the Guard into national military service just at a time when its new domestic services are most urgently needed at home.

scholarly journals The Future of International Legal Scholarship: Some Thoughts on ‘Practice’, ‘Growth’, and ‘Dissemination’

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARSTEN STAHN ◽  
ERIC DE BRABANDERE
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Niche Area ◽  
And Function ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Role And Function

Like international legal scholarship, LJIL is in transition. Our colleagues, Larissa van den Herik and Jean d'Aspremont, who have shaped much of the role and plural identity of the journal over the past decade, in collaboration with our different sections, have passed leadership on to us, the new team of (co-)editors-in-chief. This editorial reflects on the changing role and function of scholarship in international law, a theme important to our predecessors and ourselves. This is to some extent a niche area. It has not received much attention in discourse. With some notable exceptions, legal journals are typically reluctant to address overarching meta-issues of discourse, i.e. issues of production of scholarship, the role of journals vis-à-vis other media, or the broader direction of the development of international legal scholarship. Such issues might be perceived as non-scientific by some. We feel that it is important to include such dimensions, including critical self-reflection on our discipline, in international legal discourse.

A Survey of Computer Use Reported in Teaching of Psychology: 1974–1988

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard C. Beins
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Flexible Instrument ◽  
Teaching Of Psychology ◽  
Public Domain Software ◽  
Drill And Practice ◽  
Changing Role

During the past 15 years, the computer has evolved from a simple drill-and-practice device to a flexible instrument for teaching psychological concepts and techniques. Readily available commercial and public domain software makes computer technology the choice for many teaching applications. This article surveys computer use and the changing role of teachers in the development of computer applications and introduces the Computers in Teaching section of Teaching of Psychology (ToP).

scholarly journals Paham Nasionalisme dan Pergerakan Kebangsaan di Indonesia dari Tahun 1900-1942

Sosio e-kons ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Iramdhan Iramdhan
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
National Movement ◽  
Book Collecting ◽  
National Movements

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>Penelitian aims to understand or further understand the role of nationalist understanding of the nationalist movement in Indonesia. </em><em>The method used in this research is a literature study method to conduct research some important documents, read and examine the books and other resources related to the title. Heuristics, with traces of book collecting relics of the past, as well as make comparisons avatar opinion of some writers who have some differences. Historically, many methods used in historical research merekonstraksikan past attempts to systematically and objectively by collecting and evaluating and systematize robust conclusions that are connected with the facts. </em><em>The results of this study indicate that in general national movement in opposing and fighting the invaders are repleksi resistance as a result of repression committed by the invaders. Growing and growing nationalist movement carried out by the Indonesian figures are also influenced by the ideology of new growth in mainland Europe in its time was the idealism formation of dissatisfaction with layers of European society in the joints of life, growth, and development of Understand-understood new such as nationalism, liberalism, socialism and democracy that spread across the world make basic materials rose and the growth of the Indonesian National movement. In addition to the influence of Understand-understood new Indonesian national movement also influenced by the presence of the nationalist movement that occurred in mainland Asia and Africa, Imperialism western nations lead the nations of the Asia-Africa losing political independence, on the other nations of Asia and Africa are also experiencing suffering in social-economic and cultural. Asian-African nationalism not only wants to pursue national independence but also has other properties that have some aspect of Indonesian National opening. Pergerakan is a reflection of a sense sebuh oppressed because of colonization that happened, the development of the Indonesian National Movement is a process of resistance undertaken by the Indonesian people because of the existence of the factors driving the arrival of domestic and external factors, as well as their understanding of the formation of new ideologies and national movements grew in Asia and Africa.</em></p><p><em> Keywords: Understand Nationalism and National Movement in Indonesia</em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini betujuan untuk memahami atau memahami lebih jauh peranan paham nasionalime terhadap pergerakan kebangsaan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kepustakaan dengan mengadakan penelitian beberapa dokumen penting, membaca serta meneliti buku-buku dan sumber lainnya yang berkaitan dengan judul. Heuristik, dengan menghimpun jejak buku peninggalan masa lampau, serta mengadakan perbandingan anatar pendapat beberapa penulis yang memiliki  beberapa perbedaan. Historis, metode yang banyak digunakan dalam penelitian sejarah yang mencoba untuk merekonstraksikan masa lampau secara sistematis dan obyektif   dengan cara mengumpulkan dan mengevaluasi serta mensistematiskan kesimpulan yang kuat yang dihubungkan dengan fakta. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada umumnya pergerakan nasional dalam menentang dan melawan   penjajah adalah repleksi perlawanan sebagai akibat penindasan yang dilakukan oleh penjajah. Tumbuh dan berkembangnya Pergerakan nasional  yang dilaksanakan oleh para tokoh Indonesia juga dipengaruhi oleh paham-paham baru yang berkembang didaratan Eropa yang pada zamannya merupakan idealisme pembentukan dari rasa ketidakpuasan lapisan masyarakat Eropa pada sendi-sendi kehidupan, Tumbuh dan berkembangnya Paham-paham baru seperti nasionalisme, liberalisme, sosialisme dan demokrasi yang menyebar ke seluruh dunia menjadikan bahan dasar bangkit dan tumbuhnya Pergerakan Nasional Indonesia.  Selain adanya pengaruh Paham-paham baru,  pergerakan   nasional   Indonesia juga  dipengaruhi   oleh  adanya  pergerakan kebangsaan yang terjadi di daratan Asia dan Afrika, Imperialisme bangsa barat menyebabkan bangsa-bangsa di Asia-Afrika kehilangan kemerdekaan politik, selain itu bangsa-bangsa Asia-Afrika juga mengalami penderitaan dibidang sosial-ekonomi dan kebudayaan. Nasionalisme bangsa   Asia-Afrika bukan hanya mau mengejar kemerdekaan nasional melainkan juga mempunyai sifat-sifat lain sehingga memiliki beberapa aspek penting.Pergerakan Nasional Indonesia merupakan sebuh refleksi dari rasa tertindas karena penjajahan yang dialaminya, perkembangan Pergerakan Nasional Indonesia merupakan proses perlawanan yang dilakukan oleh bangsa Indonesia karena adanya dari faktor-faktor pendorong yang datangnya dari dalam negeri maupun faktor dari luar serta adanya pemahaman dari sekian pembentukan paham-paham baru serta pergerakan nasional yang tumbuh di Asia dan Afrika.</p><p>Kata kunci: Paham Nasionalisme dan Pergerakan Kebangsaan di Indonesia</p>

scholarly journals History and the Treaty of Waitangi Settlement Process

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Crocker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Introductory Review

For the past quarter of a century the New Zealand government has actively sought to negotiate and settle historical Treaty claims, and it is anticipated that the vast majority of these historical claims will be settled by 2017. The negotiation of a claim culminates in a deed of settlement signed by a Māori claimant group and the Crown, which signals the resolution of all historical grievances between a Māori claimant group and the Crown. This article offers an introductory review of the Treaty of Waitangi negotiation and settlement process and the role of historical research. Much of the work done by historians remains hidden from view and is not easily analysed, but the Crown apology is an exception: it is a tangible, publicly available outcome of the process of negotiations between a particular Māori claimant group and the Crown. In conclusion, the article provides some preliminary discussion on the role of public education in relation to Treaty of Waitangi claims negotiations and suggests that greater attention to the Crown apology would enhance public understanding.

The Engaged Patient: The Relevance of Patient–Physician Communication for Twenty-First-Century Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
First Century ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Century Health

The patient–doctor interaction has changed profoundly in the past decades. In reaction to paternalistic communication patterns, health policy makers have advocated for patient-centered care and shared decision-making. Although these models of medical communication remain still aspirational, patients have become more engaged in advocating for their own health in encounters with physicians. I argue that the engaged patient is a more accurate conceptualization of the changing role of the patient than patient consumerism, the empowered, or expert patient. I examine how the emergence of engaged patients influences the autonomy of health professionals, relates to the rise of the internet as an alternative source of medical information, centers the role of the patient–doctor interaction in public health epidemics, and contributes to health inequities.

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