The Changing Role of the National Guard

1956 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett M. Rich ◽  
Philip H. Burch
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Military Force ◽  
National Defense ◽  
State Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dual Status ◽  
Rescue And Relief ◽  
Changing Role

The dual status of the National Guard as a component of the national defense establishment and as a military force under state control has long been an object of Congressional and military concern, and lately has drawn some scholarly attention. It has not been generally appreciated, however, that without benefit of legislation or much public notice the domestic function of the Guard has been subtly and radically transformed during the past decade. From an embodiment of force it has become largely an instrument of rescue and relief. The change appears to be bringing a welcome increase in local prestige to this sometimes neglected and often controversial organization. But it suggests a serious problem in case an atomic attack should result in the mobilization of the Guard into national military service just at a time when its new domestic services are most urgently needed at home.

scholarly journals The Future of International Legal Scholarship: Some Thoughts on ‘Practice’, ‘Growth’, and ‘Dissemination’

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARSTEN STAHN ◽  
ERIC DE BRABANDERE
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Niche Area ◽  
And Function ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Role And Function

Like international legal scholarship, LJIL is in transition. Our colleagues, Larissa van den Herik and Jean d'Aspremont, who have shaped much of the role and plural identity of the journal over the past decade, in collaboration with our different sections, have passed leadership on to us, the new team of (co-)editors-in-chief. This editorial reflects on the changing role and function of scholarship in international law, a theme important to our predecessors and ourselves. This is to some extent a niche area. It has not received much attention in discourse. With some notable exceptions, legal journals are typically reluctant to address overarching meta-issues of discourse, i.e. issues of production of scholarship, the role of journals vis-à-vis other media, or the broader direction of the development of international legal scholarship. Such issues might be perceived as non-scientific by some. We feel that it is important to include such dimensions, including critical self-reflection on our discipline, in international legal discourse.

A Survey of Computer Use Reported in Teaching of Psychology: 1974–1988

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard C. Beins
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Flexible Instrument ◽  
Teaching Of Psychology ◽  
Public Domain Software ◽  
Drill And Practice ◽  
Changing Role

During the past 15 years, the computer has evolved from a simple drill-and-practice device to a flexible instrument for teaching psychological concepts and techniques. Readily available commercial and public domain software makes computer technology the choice for many teaching applications. This article surveys computer use and the changing role of teachers in the development of computer applications and introduces the Computers in Teaching section of Teaching of Psychology (ToP).

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INDEPENDENCE IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF CADETS AND GRADUATES OF THE MILITARY INSTITUTIONS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
Денис Сергеевич Мунь
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Junior Officers ◽  
Successful Fulfillment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military

Целью исследования является определение роли самостоятельности в военной службе офицеров и ее влияние на успешное выполнение служебно-боевых задач. Рассмотрена структура деятельности человека, а также место в ней элементов самостоятельности. На основе исследования научной литературы определяются основные структурные элементы понятия «самостоятельность», что позволяет интерпретировать результаты проведенного анализа отзывов на выпускников военных вузов войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации. Выявленные недостатки в подготовке военных специалистов позволяют сделать вывод о недостаточном развитии самостоятельности в их служебной деятельности. Из этого следует, что зафиксированный уровень развития самостоятельности препятствует проявлению нестандартного, нешаблонного мышления, а также значительно затормаживает саморазвитие офицера как личности и специалиста. Особое внимание уделяется формированию практических навыков курсантов военных вузов, соответствию решения практических задач на занятиях реальным запросам командования различного уровня. Проанализированы возможные причины формирования практических навыков выпускников на уровне ниже ожидаемого и проблема адаптации младших офицеров к новым вызовам. Также в ходе исследования определены основные пути решения проблемы морального устаревания предлагаемых в ходе практических занятий «жизненных» ситуаций. Важно отметить, что уровень профессиональных компетенций выпускников военных вузов войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации тесно взаимосвязан с практикой их применения. Отмечено, что деятельность курсанта и офицера схожа по своей структуре, что позволяет предложить более результативные способы формирования их поведения в нестандартных/критических ситуациях. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of independence in the military service of officers and its influence on the successful fulfillment of service and combat missions. The article examines the structure of human activity, as well as the place of elements of independence in it. Based on the study of scientific literature, the main structural elements of the concept of “independence” are determined, which allows interpreting the results of the analysis of responses to graduates of military universities of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation. The identified shortcomings in the training of military specialists allow us to conclude that there is insufficient development of independence in their service activities. As a result, the recorded level of development of independence prevents the manifestation of non-standard, unconventional thinking, and also significantly inhibits the self-development of an officer as a person and as a specialist. Particular attention is paid to the formation of practical skills of cadets of military universities, the correspondence of the solution of practical problems in the classroom to the real requests of the command of various levels. The article discusses the possible reasons for the formation of practical skills of graduates at a level below the expected level and the problem of adaptation of junior officers to new challenges. Also, in the course of the study, the main ways of solving the problem of obsolescence of the “life” situations offered during practical exercises were determined. It is important to note that the level of professional competence of graduates of military universities of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation is closely interconnected with the practice of their application. The article notes that the activities of a cadet and an officer are similar in structure, which allows us to offer more effective ways of shaping their behavior in non-standard / critical situations.

The Engaged Patient: The Relevance of Patient–Physician Communication for Twenty-First-Century Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
First Century ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Century Health

The patient–doctor interaction has changed profoundly in the past decades. In reaction to paternalistic communication patterns, health policy makers have advocated for patient-centered care and shared decision-making. Although these models of medical communication remain still aspirational, patients have become more engaged in advocating for their own health in encounters with physicians. I argue that the engaged patient is a more accurate conceptualization of the changing role of the patient than patient consumerism, the empowered, or expert patient. I examine how the emergence of engaged patients influences the autonomy of health professionals, relates to the rise of the internet as an alternative source of medical information, centers the role of the patient–doctor interaction in public health epidemics, and contributes to health inequities.

The Sexual Economy of War

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Byers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

The book argues that concerns about sexuality were fundamental to how the U.S. Army managed its deployments and military occupations throughout the early decades of the twentieth century. Far from being just a marginal release from the stresses of military service and combat, sexuality stood at the center of the military experience. The book uses the concept of a “sexual economy of war” to highlight the interconnectedness of everything from homosexuality, competing conceptions of masculinity, and the proper role of military families, to issues like rape and sexual violence, as well as attempts by the army to combat venereal disease via the regulation of prostitution. The book reveals that the contentious debates of the past two decades surrounding sexuality and the U.S. military are, in many ways, echoes of similar issues from the early twentieth century.

The Changing Role of Salespeople and the Unchanging Feeling Toward Selling: Implications for the HEI Programs

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Vincenzo Ballestra ◽  
Silvio Cardinali ◽  
Paola Palanga ◽  
Graziella Pacelli
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
European Country ◽  
Work Readiness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Program Content ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
And Training

Over the past five decades, several studies have shown that students’ reticence toward choosing a sales career has remained constant. Their lack of awareness and misconceptions regarding a sales job are two reasons behind this negative perception and lack of students’ “work readiness.” Using a conceptual model on student intention to pursue a sales career, this study has two goals: (a) to understand whether students recognize the changes in the salesperson’s role and (b) to investigate whether new understanding of these changes has any impact on students’ feelings and perceptions regarding selling as a career choice. After a preliminary qualitative analysis, a survey was carried out in a European country (Italy). Findings suggest that students are partly aware of the salesperson’s role, but they have a limited understanding of the evolution that has taken place in that role. In addition, there emerges a new antecedent, Understanding the salesperson role, that has had a significant impact on students’ Feelings toward selling. This new antecedent stresses the relational aspects of the salesperson’s job, highlighting how that aspect has never been considered in previous studies. Different explanations are offered, along with educational and training implications for curricula, program content, and handbooks in HEI (Higher Education Institutes).

Reading the Archives as Sources

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
Changing Role

Archives used in Africanist historical research include those of the colonial state, postcolonial national archives, missionary archives, personal papers, political party archives, and the archives of corporations and international agencies involved in African affairs. Africanists historians generally accept that these archives are not transparent renditions of the past; they represent and even reproduce power relations related to colonialism and its legacies. Nonetheless, careful readings have enabled Africanist historians to understand the structural order and logic these archives (the archival grain), and thus demonstrate colonial (or other) power relations implicated in the collections. Reading archives against the grain can also reveal alternative voices and agents, however. Even as discussions of archival methodologies have been limited, archives have remained crucial sources for key trends in Africanist historical writing, including the representation of colonial hegemonies as well as African voice and agency. To advance such readings, Africanist historians develop post-positivist readings of archives that appreciate silences, dissonances, and conflicts within archives and documentation. Through a process of archival fieldwork, including a careful combing of archives, reading of files, and transcribing of select documents, historians have become adept at appreciating the grain of archives and reading the archive against this grain. The digitization of archives and digital research methods, including electronic search engines, full-text searches, online archives, and digital photography, challenge aspects of traditional archival fieldwork, holding benefits and potential setbacks for the critical appreciation of archival documentation. These challenges have sharpened with the changing role of physical documentation along with an increase in smaller archives that enable serendipitous and hodgepodge archival investigations.

Psychology of Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie R. Price ◽  
Micah J. Price ◽  
Marc A. Huntoon
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Past ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Selection Of

The role of psychosocial variables in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of pain has grown significantly in the past 30 years. Pain is no longer dichotomously thought of as either a purely psychological or physiological condition (mind–body dualism) but, rather, as a combination of biopsychosocial factors and experiences. The questions in this chapter consider the changing role of these psychosocial factors by exploring the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and other pain-related assessments and psychodiagnostics; cognitive–behavioral, acceptance and commitment, behavioral, and other psychological interventions for pain management; the role of stages of change in selection of interventions; and biopsychosocial theoretical models for understanding pain. The answers provide detailed and empirically supported explanations of the biopsychosocial impact of pain, along with references to texts commonly utilized in the training of anesthesiologists, so as to promote a better understanding of the associated materials.

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