Conclusion

2014 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Mike Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Global Business ◽  
The Core ◽  
Moral Ideals ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Natural Expression ◽  
Century Idea

Sport is a physical activity still enjoyed as a natural expression of athleticism and energy, in many different forms and settings, by millions of people around the globe. At the elite level, sport is a multi-billion dollar global business. The Conclusion shows that the 19th-century idea of fair play and sportsmanship still shapes the way in which sport is thought about. But at the core, much of the practice and business of sport is rotten, and does not conform to the ethical and moral ideals that it was founded on. It also concludes that sport, despite all its rules, is not an equal competition.

scholarly journals Kaama-taguste udmurtide sügispalvus: rituaali etnograafiline kirjeldus välitööde põhjal

2018 ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Eva Toulouze
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Close Range ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Eastern Udmurt autumn rituals: An ethnographic description based on fieldwork There is a good amount of literature about Eastern Udmurt religious practice, particularly under its collective form of village rituals, as the Eastern Udmurt have retained much of their ethnic religion: their ancestors left their villages in the core Udmurt territory, now Udmurtia, as they wanted to go on living according to their customs, threatened by forceful Evangelisation. While many spectacular features such as the village ceremonies have drawn scholarly attention since the 19th century, the Eastern Udmurt religious practice encompasses also more modest rituals at the family level, as for example commemorations of the dead, Spring and Autumn ceremonies. Literature about the latter is quite reduced, as is it merely mentioned both in older and more recent works. This article is based on the author's fieldwork in 2017 and presents the ceremonies in three different families living in different villages of the Tatyshly district of Bashkortostan. It allows us to compare them and to understand the core of the ritual: it is implemented in the family circle, with the participation of a close range of kin, and encompasses both porridge eating and praying. It can at least give an idea of the living practice of this ritual in today's Eastern Udmurt villages. This depends widely on the age of the main organisers, on their occupations: older retired people will organise more traditional rituals than younger, employed Udmurts. Further research will ascertain how much of this tradition is still alive in other districts and in other places.

scholarly journals From Pausanias to Baedeker and Trip Advisor: Textual proto-tourism and the engendering of tourism distribution channels

Turyzm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Vicky Katsoni ◽  
Anna Fyta
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Digital Storytelling ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Travel Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
Textual Strategies ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

The key aim of this article is to provide an interdisciplinary look at tourism and its diachronic textual threads bequeathed by the ‘proto-tourist’ texts of the Greek travel author Pausanias. Using the periegetic, travel texts from his voluminous Description of Greece (2nd century CE) as a springboard for our presentation, we intend to show how the textual strategies employed by Pausanias have been received and still remain at the core of contemporary series of travel guides first authored by Karl Baedeker (in the 19th century). After Baedeker, Pausanias’ textual travel tropes, as we will show, still inform the epistemology of modern-day tourism; the interaction of travel texts with travel information and distribution channels produces generic hybrids, and the ancient Greek travel authors have paved the way for the construction of networks, digital storytelling and global tourist platforms.

„You Do Not Hear The Cry of the People to Whom You Owe So Much…“: The Image of the Bulgarians in Russian Pan-Slavism of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-267
Author(s):  
Konstantin Kasatkin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Core ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Gradual Transformation

In the 19th century, the idea of Pan-Slavism was widespread among the Slavic nations. However, the very concept of Slavic reciprocity had different connotations in various fields of culture. The ‘imperial’ or ‘Russian’ Pan-Slavism that became wide-spread in Russia was characterized by identification of interests of all Slavism with the interests of the Russian politics. It began to form in the 1820s and developed mainly on the basis of the South Slavic material. At the same time, the Bulgarians were the focus of ‘imperial’ Pan-Slavic theories. Through the example of works by Y.I. Venelin, A.F. Veltman and I.P. Liprandi, this paper traces the process of gradual transformation of the Bulgarians into one of the key elements of the ‘Russian’ Pan-Slavic theories of 1820-1870s. For a long time, the fantasies of Pan-Slavists found no response among the political elites. However, the situation changed radically after the Crimean War. The ideas about Russian-Bulgarian reciprocity expressed by Venelin formed the core of the theory of imperial Pan-Slavism and, thanks to state and near-state figures like Liprandi, they became an integral part of the Russian policy in the Balkans in the second half of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Thinking Historically about Neoliberalism: A Response to William Davies

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gane
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
The Core ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This brief response to Will Davies clarifies and expands a number of the core arguments of the article ‘The Emergence of Neoliberalism: Thinking through and Beyond Michel Foucault’s Lectures on Biopolitics’ (published in TCS 31(4): 3–27). It is argued that it is a mistake to treat Foucault as a neoliberal because his lectures on biopolitics centred on the emergence of different trajectories of neoliberal reason. Instead, Foucault’s genealogy of neoliberalism can be read as a critical history, one that is partial and incomplete but which nonetheless can be used as a starting point to think historically and critically about neoliberalism. It is suggested that a more nuanced history of neoliberalism, however, can be developed by paying closer attention to the complex relationship between neoliberal reason and the earlier liberal ideas of the 19th century – in particular those of John Stuart Mill. Finally, a claim is made for the value of historical analysis for understanding and responding to the challenges of the post-crisis present, to a situation in which neoliberal ideas appear to have a near-hegemonic grip over popular politics and discourse.

scholarly journals O emancypacji ze stanowiska konserwatywnego

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Renata Stachura-Lupa
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Core ◽  
Religious Conservatism ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
The 19Th Century

The author considers the problem of female emancipation from the angle of the contention between two worldviews: religious conservatism and liberal secularism. The article reviews the development of emancipatory ideas in the second half of the 19th century, the emergence of first periodicals for women, and first female organizations in Poland during the Partitions. Then it shows an evolution of the ideas at the turn of the 19th century. It is against the backdrop of this social context that the author presents the reaction of Polish conservative and clerical circles, which exemplifies the core of the contention—the tussle about emancipation is here understood as part of the debate over moral and social consequences of modernization. In fact, the idea of emancipation was part and parcel of the epoch’s mind-set and generated controversies in the context of all the changes brought about by positivism in Poland. 

scholarly journals On the origin of Dagestani shamhals and Gazikumukh Shamkhalate (the 12th to 16th centuries)

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Arsen S. Akbiyev ◽  
Magomed-Pasha B. Abdusalamov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
State Formation ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Core ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article discusses the problem of Dagestani shamkhalate and the term "shamkhal", which is debatable in Dagestani historical science, based on the analysis of sources and special historical literature. According to the authors, the Arabic version of the origin of the first Dagestani Shamkhals is untenable and beneath scientific criticism. The first rulers with the title "shaukhal" who appeared in Dagestan at the early 12th century, belonged to Turkic peoples who led ghazi groups (those who contended for the faith) and spread Islam in Upland Dagestan. The Turkic dynasty existed until the early 14th century only to be overthrown by the combined forces of the Golden Horde, Kajtaks and the Avar Khanate. The Golden Horde established their own ruler (Tatar-Shamkhal) from among the Chingissids, whose descendants ruled this state formation until the second half of the 19th century. The authors come to the conclusion that those were the Kumyks who supported the Tatar-Shamkhals unlike the rest warlike highland population who disliked them; and they finally migrated to live among the Kumyks when, in the second half of the 16th century, they faced deterioration. The Kumyks, being the basis, the core of Shamkhalism, after the withdrawal from Gazikumukh possession, prevented the final disintegration of the Shamkhalate and continued the traditions of medieval statehood

The Design and Construction of the Second Pride of Baltimore

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Gillmer
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Core ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Nearly Continuous ◽  
Design And Construction

The PRIDE of Baltimore II was ordered to be built as a result of the tragic loss of her predecessor. She is not, however, a simple replacement. The purpose is, of course, to continue and extend the mission so success­fully advanced during the more than nine years of nearly continuous sailing commission of "PRIDE I". This program is at the core of her design. She is, in configuration, sailplan, and material, a traditional fore-topsail schooner, typical of those built in Baltimore early in the 19th Century. She is very much in appear­ance like the first vessel, built 1976-77, which she replaces. Her design and structure, however, are considerably more advanced. Using contemporary techniques and tools in both design and construction she is, we believe, one of the finest wooden schooners of this size to be built. It is the purpose of this paper to describe some of the design and construction features that make this vessel unique.

Le arene del mutamento elitario nell'Europa dell'800

2009 ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Karsten Holste ◽  
Dietlind Huchtker
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Key Words ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
The Core ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The 19Th Century

- Arenas of Élite Change in 19th Century Europe is a group research project. At the core of the investigation are the places of élite-building in the 19th century, and how concrete "compromises" between old and new élites were arrived at. The aim is to get beyond certain normative historiographical paradigms, particularly those related to research on "bourgeoisie", "nobility", and central-eastern Europe.Key words: Central-eastern Europe, 19th century, élites, bourgeoisie, nobility. Parole chiave: Europa centro-orientale, '800, élites, borghesia, nobiltŕ.

scholarly journals Morphology

Linguistics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Aronoff
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
The 19Th Century

Morphology, the study of forms, is the branch of linguistics that deals with the internal structure of complex words. The term was first used in linguistics by August Schleicher in 1859. Linguists distinguish between simple words, such as soon, which have no internal structure apart from sound, and complex words, such as sooner, which can be analyzed into meaningful parts (in this case soon and the English comparative suffix –er). Morphology addresses the latter. The world’s languages differ greatly in the complexity of their morphology. At one extreme, such languages as Vietnamese have very few ways to form complex words, while at the other, languages such as Chukchi (spoken in Siberia) may have very long words, constructed by adding many affixes one after another, that are equivalent in meaning to entire sentences. Languages also differ in the devices that are used to form complex words and the functions that this complexity serves. The study of morphology is one of the oldest branches of linguistics. The oldest known linguistic work, Panini’s grammar of Sanskrit, consisted entirely of morphology, and the classical Greek, Latin, and Semitic grammarians also concerned themselves largely with morphology. In modern-day linguistics, which began in the 19th century, morphology is one of the core areas of grammar, along with phonetics, phonology, syntax, and semantics/pragmatics.

scholarly journals Tangible and Intangible Legacy of the 19th Century Zappas Olympics and their Implications for Contemporary Sport Tourism

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Margaritis ◽  
Mateusz Rozmiarek ◽  
Ewa Malchrowicz-Mosko
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Sports History ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Cultural Functions ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractAs has been shown in the article, the Zappas Olympics generously contributed to the revival of the Olympic Games in the nineteenth century. The course of these competitions has been described, and a brief summary of Zappas’s work, which does not often attract a lot of attention in, for example, Polish academics, has also been made. The fact that the Zappas Olympics mainly enhanced the national identity of the Greeks following Turkish captivity has also been highlighted. The Zappas Olympics allowed the Greeks to become more familiar with sports and fair play. The knowledge that the Greeks acquired from the organization of this event was useful for the organization of the first modern Olympic Games in Athens. These days, material remains of this event serve touristic and cultural functions. The significance of such facilities as the Zappeion and the Panathenaic Stadium have also been underlined. For example, the Zappeion and the Panathenaic Stadium host cultural events and welcome tourists interested in sports history or Greek culture. These are the authorities responsible for touristic policy in Greece and they may decide whether such historic sites and sporting facilities will be included in thematic routes for tourists. According to the authors of the present paper, these sites may effectively compete with mass and recreational attractions in Greece.

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