Comparison of a low-fat, ad libitum complex-carbohydrate diet with a low-energy diet in moderately obese women

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shah ◽  
P McGovern ◽  
S French ◽  
J Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Low Energy ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Complex Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Energy Diet

scholarly journals Predictors of Very-Low-Energy Diet Outcome in Obese Women and Men

Obesity Facts ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Gripeteg ◽  
Jan Karlsson ◽  
Jarl Torgerson ◽  
Anna Karin Lindroos
Keyword(s):  
Low Energy ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Very Low Energy Diet ◽  
Low Energy Diet

scholarly journals Dairy cows fed a low energy diet before dry-off show signs of hunger despite ad libitum access

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Amorim Franchi ◽  
Mette S. Herskin ◽  
Margit Bak Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Diet Versus ◽  
Milking Frequency ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract Drying-off is one important management step in commercial dairy farms and consists of ceasing milk production artificially at a specific point in time, generally 2 months before the next calving. Drying-off typically comprises dietary changes as well as gradual or abrupt changes in daily milking frequency, which may challenge the welfare of high-yielding cows. This study investigated the isolated and combined effects of different feed energy densities (normal lactation diet versus energy-reduced diet, both offered ad libitum) and daily milking frequencies (twice versus once) on the feeding motivation of dairy cows on two separate days prior to dry-off (i.e. the day of last milking) using a push-gate feeder. During both days, cows on the energy-reduced diet pushed more than five times more weight to earn the final feed reward and were nearly ten times faster to feed on the first reward than cows on the normal lactation diet. Illustrating the importance of developing more animal welfare-friendly dry-off management, these results illustrate that cows show signs of hunger prior to dry-off when provided a diet with reduced energy density, although offered for ad libitum intake.

The Effect of Birth Weight on Low-Energy Diet–Induced Changes in Body Composition and Substrate-Energy Metabolism in Obese Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco B. Ortega ◽  
Jonatan R. Ruiz ◽  
María Pilar Alkorta ◽  
Eider Larrarte ◽  
Edurne Simón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Low Energy Diet

scholarly journals A Low-Fat, High-Complex Carbohydrate Diet Supplemented with Long-Chain (n-3) Fatty Acids Alters the Postprandial Lipoprotein Profile in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
pp. 1595-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Jiménez-Gómez ◽  
Carmen Marín ◽  
Pablo Peérez-Martínez ◽  
Jadwiga Hartwich ◽  
Malgorzata Malczewska-Malec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipoprotein Profile ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Complex Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Postprandial Lipoprotein ◽  
Long Chain

Long-term effect of selection for litter size and feeding programme on the performance of reproductive rabbit does 1. Pregnancy of multiparous does

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Quevedo ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
M. Baselga ◽  
J. J. Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Medium Energy ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Low Energy Diet

AbstractA total of 166 crossbred does were used to study the possible long term effect of two types of crossbred does (H1 v. H2, old and current generations, respectively) from the cross of different generations of lines selected for litter size, the use of a feeding programme based on a low-energy diet during the rearing and the administration of a high-energy diet during reproductive life, on the performance and body condition of multiparous pregnant does. Selection did not affect the live weight (LW) of does at the effective artificial insemination (AI; 4257 g), the LW change (+12·3 g/day) and food intake (172 g dry matter (DM) per day) until the 28th day of pregnancy. However, H2 does showed greater LW losses during the pre-partum period than H1 does (120+g;P<0·05), perhaps related to their higher prolificacy (+1·1 total pups born;P<0·05). H2 does showed a higher perirenal fat thickness (PFT) at first AI (+0·12 mm;P<0·05) than H1 does, these differences disappearing at effective AI. Females given a high-energy reproduction diet showed a lower LW at effective AI than those receiving a medium-energy diet (4210, 4305 g, respectively;P<0·05). However, type of reproduction diet did not affect the LW and PFT changes of pregnancy does, reaching partum with a similar PFT (8·83 v. 8·93 mm) and maintaining the differences in LW. Pregnant does given high-energy diet consumed 20 g DM and 1·4 g digestible protein per day less than does receiving medium-energy diet until the 28th day of pregnancy, but their digestible energy (DE) intake was significantly higher (+78 kJ DE per day;P<0·05). Does given high-energy diet showed a significantly lower litter size at birth (−0·7 pups;P<0·05), although there were no significant differences in the number of pups born alive (9·54 and 9·76 pups for high and medium-energy diets, respectively). Pups from does given high-energy diet were slightly weightier than those from medium-energy diet (+5·4 g;P<0·05). Multiparous pregnant does that received a low-energy diet ad libitum during the rearing period and first pregnancy showed a higher LW at effective AI (+137 g LW;P<0·05) but a lower PFT (−0·26 mm;P<0·05) than those females that received a medium-energy diet restricted during this same period. These differences were maintained at parturition (+142 g LW and −0·20 mm;P<0·05). Feeding programme during rearing affected neither the food intake of multiparous pregnant does until the 28th day of pregnancy, nor the litter size and weight at birth. The interval between parturitions was not affected by the selection for litter size or the reproduction diet received, but was longer for does that received the low-energy diet ad libitum during the rearing period (+2·9 days;P<0·05). In conclusion, rabbit selection programmes by litter size seem to be working well, but high energy reproduction diets, frequently used to cover their higher energy requirements, must be used carefully out of lactation in the long term to avoid a reduction in litter size.

Factors affecting voluntary feed intake in pigs. 3. The effect of a period of feed restriction, nutrient density of the diet and sex on intake, performance and carcass characteristics

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
W. Holmes ◽  
A. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Energy Diet

1. Over the weight range 23–50 kg live weight, pigs were fed either ad libitum or to a restricted scale. From 59 to 91 kg live weight, eight pairs of barrows and eight pairs of gilts were fed on each of two diets varying in nutrient density. The effects of feed restriction, nutrient density of the diet and sex on voluntary feed intake, performance and carcass characteristics were studied.2. Pigs which had been restricted grew more slowly and contained less fat and more lean at 50 kg live weight.3. When restricted pigs were offered feed ad libitum from 59 to 91 kg live weight they ate more and had higher daily intakes of digestible energy than pigs liberally fed in early life.4. There was evidence of compensatory growth in pigs which had received the restricted diet, but there was no significant difference in feed utilization between restricted and ad libitum pigs. It was concluded that the compensatory growth was largely the result of increased appetite.5. Pigs finally fed on a low energy diet, in comparison with those on a high energy diet, ate more feed but less digestible energy indicating that appetite was physically limited. Efficiency of conversion of digestible energy to live weight was similar on both treatments. A higher proportion of acetic acid was produced in the caecum of pigs fed the low energy diet. Pigs receiving the low energy diet had lower killing-out percentages not entirely caused by differences in the weight of the gut and its contents. The carcasses of pigs on the low energy diet were leaner than those on the high energy diet.6. Barrows consumed more digestible energy per day than gilts, required more feed and digestible energy per unit live-weight gain, had lower killing-out percentages, shorter carcasses, larger backfat measurements and smaller eye-muscle areas as estimated by A × B measurements. Barrow carcasses contained less dissected lean and more fat than gilts' carcasses.7. The results are discussed in relation to other work and it is concluded that voluntary feed intake is influenced by the nutrient density of the diet and the level of energy requirement of the pig, which may be affected by previous nutritional history.

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