Consumption of cow milk and egg by lactating women and the presence of beta-lactoglobulin and ovalbumin in breast milk

The pediatrician should be aware of the fact that nearly all drugs used in the therapy of lactating women may be found in varying amounts in breast milk. Mothers who must take antithyroid drugs, chloramphenicol, lithium, methadone, most anticancer drugs, radioactive pharmaceuticals and antiinfective agents such as the tetracyclines and metronidazole should not nurse their infants while receiving therapy. It has been our experience that in most instances safer alternative drugs may be selected after discussions with obstetricians, family physicians, and internists. The use of other drugs merits a certain degree of caution; nursing the infant before a dose is given may help to minimize exposure to the infant. Interruption of breast-feeding should be infrequent.

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Excretion of Iohexol and Metrizoate in Human Breast Milk

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/028418518702800505 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 523-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S. T. Nielsen ◽

I. Matheson ◽

J. N. Rasmussen ◽

K. Skinnemoen ◽

E. Andrew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Low Dose ◽

Decay Curve ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Slow Decay ◽

Contrast Medium Injection

Six lactating women undergoing contrast media examination had milk and blood taken to determine the rate and extent of excretion of iohexol (Omnipaque) (four mothers) and metrizoate (Isopaque) (two mothers). Blood samples were taken up to 45 minutes and milk samples up to 48 hours after the contrast medium injection. The excretion was low, reaching a maximum at 3 to 6 hours and showing a slow decay curve (t 1/2 = 15 to 108 hours). One mother, who was weaning her baby, showed a different excretion pattern. The amount excreted during 24 hours was about 0.5 per cent of the weight adjusted maternal dose for both iohexol and metrizoate. It is not likely, that such a low dose of poorly absorbed drug would cause any adverse effects in the infant, unless it is hypersensitive to the drug already. The authors consider breast feeding to be acceptable for mothers receiving iohexol or metrizoate.

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Retinol, α-tocopherol, and selected minerals in breast milk of lactating women with full-term infants in South Korea

Nutrition Research and Practice ◽

10.4162/nrp.2017.11.1.64 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 64 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hyesook Kim ◽

Byung-Mun Jung ◽

Bum-Noh Lee ◽

Yun-Je Kim ◽

Ji A Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

South Korea ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants ◽

Lactating Women

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Parabens in breast milk and possible sources of exposure among lactating women in Korea

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 255 ◽

pp. 113142 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Na-Youn Park ◽

Yoon Hee Cho ◽

Kyungho Choi ◽

Eun-Hee Lee ◽

Yang Jee Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Lactating Women

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The Pharmacokinetics of Ketamine in the Breast Milk of Lactating Women: Quantification of ketamine and metabolites

10.22541/au.161325028.80476344/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Philip Wolfson ◽

Rob Cole ◽

Kara Lynch ◽

Cassandra Yun ◽

Jason Wallach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽

Emotional Difficulties ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

Mother And Child ◽

Pharmacologic Treatments ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: There is no available data on the secretion and concentration of ketamine and its metabolites in breastmilk. There are statements in the literature made as to the safety of the use of ketamine in lactating women, though these are unsupported. This information is pertinent for the treatment of breastfeeding women who may have depression, PTSD, postpartum depression, and other emotional difficulties and would benefit from ketamine treatment. The objective of this study was to measure the presence and concentration of ketamine in breastmilk and three of its metabolites. We have provided a longitudinal pharmacokinetic analysis of the presence of ketamine and several of its major metabolites (norketamne, dehydronorketamine and hydronorketamine) in 4 women receiving 2 different intramuscular doses of ketamine—0.5mg/kg and 1.0mg/kg. Our results demonstrate the insignificance of ketamine’s presence In breast milk after a 12-hour period of suspension. Given ketamine’s proven record of effectiveness for the treatment of depression, and its intermittent use for this purpose, our data support the safety of its administration for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD)and other emotional disorders during a woman’s chosen period to provide breast milk to her child without significant interruption or exposure. This provides the necessary data for the study of ketamine assisted psychotherapy as a potential treatment of postpartum emotional disorders without the loss of the relationship between mother and child which breast feeding so vitally provides. We review conventional pharmacologic treatments involved in the treatment of PPD.

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Relation between Weak HLA-DR Expression on Human Breast Milk Macrophages and Cow Milk Allergy (CMA) in Suckling Infants

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-199901000-00013 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 76-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kirsi-Marjut Järvinen ◽

Kaisu Juntunen-Backman ◽

Hanna Suomalainen

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Human Breast ◽

Hla Dr ◽

Cow Milk Allergy

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Prostate-specific antigen in milk of lactating women

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/41.1.54 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 54-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

H Yu ◽

E P Diamandis

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Specific Marker ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Mother’S Age ◽

Total Psa

Abstract Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is believed to be a highly specific marker for normal and cancerous prostatic tissue. We recently found that 30-40% of breast tumors produce PSA. Other data from our group suggest that normal breast can also produce PSA under conditions of stimulation by steroid hormones. In addition, we detected PSA in amniotic fluid. Here we report the presence of PSA in breast milk of lactating women. PSA concentrations in breast milk were quite variable, ranging from < 0.01 microgram/L in 4 of 38 milks to 350 micrograms/L; the median was 0.47 microgram/L. PSA concentration in breast milk was not correlated with mother's age or the sex of the newborn. It did tend to decrease with increasing time postdelivery, but was still detectable 2 weeks postdelivery. PSA in milk was equally measurable by a highly sensitive PSA assay based on time-resolved fluorometry and by the IMx automated PSA method. As confirmed by Western blot analysis, PSA in milk was present predominantly in its 33-kDa form; the PSA-alpha 1-antichymotrypsin complex (100 kDa) was also present but its concentration was < 25% of total PSA. We conclude that the female breast can produce PSA and that PSA is secreted into the milk during lactation; however, the biological role of PSA in milk is unknown. These and other data presented by our group suggest that PSA, a serine protease, may play a role in control of growth in mammary and other tissues through regulation of growth factors, cytokines, and growth-factor-binding proteins.

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Maternal Intake of Cow’s Milk during Lactation Is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Food Allergy in Offspring

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123680 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3680

Author(s):

Mia Stråvik ◽

Malin Barman ◽

Bill Hesselmar ◽

Anna Sandin ◽

Agnes E. Wold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Allergy ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Food Frequency ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation

Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation may affect the propensity of the child to develop an allergy. The aim was to assess and compare the dietary intake of pregnant and lactating women, validate it with biomarkers, and to relate these data to physician-diagnosed allergy in the offspring at 12 months of age. Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation was assessed by repeated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires in a prospective Swedish birth cohort (n = 508). Fatty acid proportions were measured in maternal breast milk and erythrocytes. Allergy was diagnosed at 12 months of age by a pediatrician specialized in allergy. An increased maternal intake of cow’s milk during lactation, confirmed with biomarkers (fatty acids C15:0 and C17:0) in the maternal blood and breast milk, was associated with a lower prevalence of physician-diagnosed food allergy by 12 months of age. Intake of fruit and berries during lactation was associated with a higher prevalence of atopic eczema at 12 months of age. Our results suggest that maternal diet modulates the infant’s immune system, thereby influencing subsequent allergy development.

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Revised Reference Values for Potassium Intake

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000479705 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (1-2) ◽

pp. 118-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniela Strohm ◽

Sabine Ellinger ◽

Eva Leschik-Bonnet ◽

Friederike Maretzke ◽

Helmut Heseker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Reference Values ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Reference Value ◽

Potassium Excretion ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Potassium Intake ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Urinary Potassium

Background: The nutrition societies of Germany, Austria and Switzerland have revised the reference values for potassium intake in January 2017. Methods: For adults, the estimated value was based on the 24-h urinary potassium excretion and on preventive considerations regarding hypertension and stroke. The estimated values for children and adolescents were extrapolated from the adult estimated value considering differences in body mass. For infants aged 0 to under 4 months, the estimated value was set based on the potassium intake via breast milk. From this reference value, the estimated value for infants aged 4 to under 12 months was also derived by extrapolation. The estimated value for lactating women takes into account the potassium loss via breast milk. Results: The estimated values for potassium intake are set at 400 mg/day for breastfed infants aged 0 to under 4 months, 600 mg/day for infants aged 4 to under 12 months, 1,100-4,000 mg/day for children and adolescents, 4,000 mg/day for adults and pregnant women and 4,400 mg/day for lactating women. Conclusions: The consumption of potassium-rich foods should be generally increased. Supplemental intake beyond the estimated values has no health benefit and is therefore not recommended.

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