scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in a tropical setting: results from a nationally representative survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael J Beer ◽  
Oscar F Herrán ◽  
Eduardo Villamor
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACT Background The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may be high in countries with abundant sun exposure year-round, but nationally representative data are lacking. Objective We examined the prevalence and distribution of VDD by individual and environmental characteristics in a nationally representative sample of Colombian children, pregnant women, and adult nonpregnant women. Methods Using the 2015 Colombian National Nutrition Survey, we defined VDD and low vitamin D (LVD) as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <30 nmol/L and <50 nmol/L, respectively, in 31,841 children aged 1 to <18 y, 1262 pregnant women, and 7170 nonpregnant women aged 18–49 y. Within each group, we compared VDD and LVD prevalence by levels of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and geographic factors using adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% CIs from multivariable Poisson regression. Results The mean ± SE 25(OH)D was 65.1 ± 0.4 nmol/L. The prevalence ± SE of VDD and LVD was 3.1% ± 0.3% and 23.9% ± 0.8%, respectively. Pregnant women had the highest VDD prevalence at 6.7% ± 1.5%, whereas toddlers had the highest prevalence of LVD at 42.5% ± 1.8%. Altitude was one of the strongest correlates of VDD and LVD, with every 100 m above sea level related to a 4% increase in LVD prevalence (P <0.0001). Among children, VDD was positively associated with BMI-for-age Z >1 and maternal education. Among pregnant women, VDD was positively related to education. Among adult nonpregnant women, VDD was associated with BMI and household wealth. Conclusion The prevalence of VDD and LVD in Colombian women and children is nonnegligible; some age groups are disproportionately affected. Altitude was a strong predictor of vitamin D status in this tropical setting. VDD was positively related to indicators of higher socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Egyption Boys Aged 2-10 Years

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Botros ◽  
N M Elbarbary ◽  
A M Bahaaeldin ◽  
H F Abdelshakour
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Severe Vitamin ◽  
Hormonal System ◽  
Healthy Relative ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D may also be important for a variety of non-skeletal outcomes including neuromuscular function, immunomodulation, and control of other hormonal system. It is well known that exposure of skin to direct sunlight is the most important source of vitamin D, so that according to many causes like fear of skin cancer, traditional clothing and spending most of the time indoors many Egyptian girls are exposed to vitamin D deficiency. Hypovitaminosis D is a widespread disorder in developing countries across all age groups, regardless of their latitude. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of vitamin D deficiency/sufficiency in a sample of Egyptian boys children. Subjects and Methods The present study was conducted on 80 boys age from (2-10) years old randomly selected from outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University and their healthy relative. We excluded girls, boys whose age<2 years or > 10 years, boys suffering from chronic illness or on drugs as corticosteroid and anti-epileptic drugs. Results The results demonstrate that all boys studied have vitamin D deficiency with (36.25%of them with mild vitamin D deficiency, 46.25%of them have moderate vitamin D deficiency, and 17.50% of them have severe vitamin D deficiency. There was positive correlation between vitamin D and sun exposure.

Vitamin D Status and Its Determinants in Healthy Slovenian Pregnant Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Soltirovska Salamon ◽  
Evgen Benedik ◽  
Borut Bratanič ◽  
Manca Velkavrh ◽  
Irena Rogelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Day Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background/Aims: Vitamin D deficiency is a common underdiagnosed condition. The aim of this was to analyze the status of vitamin D and its determinants in healthy Slovenian pregnant women. Methods: A total of 132 volunteer pregnant women completed a questionnaire including baseline demographics, food frequency, physical activities; anthropometrical measurements, body mass index and levels of 25-(OH)D in serum were performed during the third trimester, and dietary intakes were assessed during the 27-28th week of gestation. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was present in 14% while insufficiency was present in 41% of women. The risk for inadequacy was higher in women older than 30 years (p = 0.01), in those with less frequent outdoor physical activity (p = 0.01) and in pregnancies during the low sun exposure season (p = 0.04). Insufficiency was not significantly more frequent in less educated women, unemployed and in those living in urban area. The median value of vitamin D from habitual dietary intake was 1.5 µg/day (range 0.1-13.4) and did not influence 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (p = 0.91). Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was 55% and was dependent on age, season and outdoor physical activities. The results suggest a discrepancy between vitamin D intake through habitual diet and the reference needs.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and its associated factors among third trimester Malaysian pregnant women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fui Chee Woon ◽  
Yit Siew Chin ◽  
Intan Hakimah Ismail ◽  
Marijka Batterham ◽  
Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

AbstractBackgroundDespite perennial sunshine, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among Malaysian especially pregnant women.ObjectiveTo determine the vitamin D status and its associated factors among third trimester pregnant women attending government health clinics in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.MethodsInformation on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrical history, vitamin D intake, supplement use, and sun exposure were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured and classified as deficient (< 30 nmol/L), insufficient (30-50 nmol/L), and sufficient (≥ 50 nmol/L).ResultsOf the 535 pregnant women recruited, 42.6% were vitamin D deficient. They consumed an average of 8.7 ± 6.7 μg of vitamin D daily. A total of 80.4% of the vitamin D were obtained from the food sources, while 19.6% were from dietary supplements. Fish and fish products showed the highest contribution to vitamin D intake (35.8%). The multivariate generalized linear mixed models, with clinic as a random effect, indicates that higher intake of vitamin D is associated with lower risk of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.93-0.99). Non-Malay pregnant women had lower odds of having vitamin D deficiency (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.04-0.37) compared to Malays. No associations were found between age, educational level, monthly household income, work status, gravidity, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, total hours of sun exposure, total percentage of body surface area, and sun exposure index per day with vitamin D deficiency.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is prevalent among Malaysian pregnant women. Considering the possible adverse obstetric and fetal outcomes of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, antenatal screening of vitamin D levels and nutrition education should be emphasised by taking into consideration ethnic differences.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of adults participating in the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 894-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Malacova ◽  
Peihua (Rachel) Cheang ◽  
Eleanor Dunlop ◽  
Jill L. Sherriff ◽  
Robyn M. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is recognised as a public health problem globally, and a high prevalence of deficiency has previously been reported in Australia. This study details the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Australian adults aged ≥25 years, using an internationally standardised method to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and identifies demographic and lifestyle factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. We used data from the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey (n 5034 with complete information on potential predictors and serum 25(OH)D concentrations). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by a liquid chromatography-tandem MS that is certified to the reference measurement procedures developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Ghent University and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were defined as serum 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/l and 50 to <75 nmol/l, respectively. Overall, 20 % of participants (19 % men; 21 % women) were classified as vitamin D deficient, with a further 43 % classified as insufficient (45 % men; 42 % women). Independent predictors of vitamin D deficiency included being born in a country other than Australia or the main English-speaking countries, residing in southern (higher latitude) states of Australia, being assessed during winter or spring, being obese, smoking (women only), having low physical activity levels and not taking vitamin D or Ca supplements. Given our increasingly indoor lifestyles, there is a need to develop and promote strategies to maintain adequate vitamin D status through safe sun exposure and dietary approaches.

Study of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adolescent Females (10-18 years old) In Cairo

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Botros ◽  
Y M Eid ◽  
B M Mostafa ◽  
Y H E Elmeligy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Deficient Group

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem among Egyptian females across all age groups, for whom contributing factors include inadequate sun exposure possibly related to cultural/social factors, and insufficient dietary calcium, wearing a sunscreen reduces vitamin D synthesis in the skin by more than 95%. Not only environmental factors, such as sun exposure and nutrition, but also genetic and possibly also epigenetic factors are determinants of serum 25(OH) D. Aim We sought to determine the frequency of occurrence of vit D deficiency in Egyptian adolescent females aged 10-18 years in Cairo. Methods Study was conducted on 90 healthy adult females aged (10-18) years and classified them into: Sufficient group: with vitamin D level &gt;30ng/ml, (40%) of participants. Mild deficient group: with vitamin D level between 21-29ng/ml (14.44%) of participants. Moderate deficient group: with vitamin D level between 10-20ng/ml (11.11%) of participants. Severe deficient group: with vitamin D level &lt;10ng/ml (34.44%) of participants. Results Our study showed a high prevalence of low vitamin D level among healthy adolescent females aged (10-18) years old. There were a significant difference On comparing vitamin D status groups as regard vitamin D rich food intake, duration of sun exposure and height for age (p &lt; 0.001), (p &lt; 0.001) and (p = 0.012) respectively. There were significant difference on comparing vit D status groups with s.Ca, PTH and Alk.Ph (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency became endemic in Egypt. Large-scale studies are needed to properly evaluate the size of the problem.

Prevalence of calcium and vitamin D deficiency and their association with feto-maternal outcomes in a sample of Iranian pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atieh Amouzegar ◽  
Freidoun Azizi ◽  
Sepideh Ashrafivand ◽  
Zahra Ahi ◽  
Masoomeh Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Severe Vitamin

BACKGROUND: Calcium and vitamin D deficiency is common among Iranian women of childbearing age and poses adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D and calcium in a sample of Iranian pregnant women and to assess its correlation with the feto-maternal outcomes. METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, a sample of pregnant women between 15 to 45 years who were in the third trimester were recruited from a number of hospitals in Tehran. Data were collected by the means of a self-developed questionnaire, interviews, physical examination, and paraclinical tests including measuring the serum level of calcium, vitamin D, parathormone (PTH) and phosphorous (Pi). The questionnaire obtained information on age, level of education, socio-economic status, parity, gravidity, calcium intake during pregnancy, as well as feto-maternal outcomes. RESULTS: We included a total number of 233 singleton pregnancies. Most of the subjects (58.4%) had vitamin D deficiency and 12.0% suffered from severe vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was adversely associated with the years of education (p= 0.007), serum level of parathormone (p< 0.001). The Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) (p< 0.001), the exercise sequence per week (p< 0.001), sun exposure (p< 0.001), higher rate of sunscreen usage (p= 0.011) and higher BMI (p= 0.005). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher rate of cesarean delivery (p= 0.024), higher rate of diastolic hypertension (p= 0.019), higher rate of neonatal jaundice (p= 0.009) and higher rate of neonatal respiratory infections (p< 0.001). Serum level of PTH was a significant risk factor for severe vitamin D deficiency while calcium D supplementation, MET and sunscreen were significant protective factors. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy among Iranian women is extremely high and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including cesarean delivery, neonatal jaundice and neonatal respiratory infections. Low vitamin D supplementation and sun exposure, lack of physical activity and high BMI are the etiologies. Increasing the knowledge along with vitamin D supplementation during the pregnancy is recommended in Iranian population.

scholarly journals Ethiopia’s high childhood undernutrition explained: analysis of the prevalence and key correlates based on recent nationally representative data

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2099-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafere Gebreegziabher ◽  
Nigatu Regassa
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
Childhood Undernutrition ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the contribution of child, maternal and household factors in stunting, wasting and underweight among children under 5 years in Ethiopia.DesignQuantitative cross-sectional design based on nationally representative data.SettingUrban and rural areas of Ethiopia.ParticipantsYounger (0–24 months; n 4199) and older age groups (25–59 months; n 5497), giving a total of 9696 children.ResultsAmong the younger age group, 29 % were stunted, 14 % were wasted and 19 % were underweight; and among the older age group, the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 47, 8 and 28 %, respectively. Being female, intake of multiple micronutrients, household having a piped source of drinking-water, high maternal BMI, higher household wealth and higher maternal education were associated with decreased odds of at least one form of undernutrition in both groups. On the other hand, children who were anaemic, had low birth weight, drank from a bottle, and children of stunted or wasted or working mothers were more likely to be stunted, wasted or underweight in both groups (P<0·05). While most predictors and/or risk factors followed a similar pattern across the two age groups, child factors had higher leverage in the younger than the older group across the three forms of undernutrition.ConclusionsMultiple set of factors predicted childhood undernutrition in Ethiopia. The study underscores the importance of intervening in the first 1000 days through promoting maternal education, maternal–child health services, mother’s nutrition and improving intrahousehold food distribution.

scholarly journals Positive impact on vitamin D related lifestyle of medical advice in pregnant Somali-born women and new mothers: a mixed method study in Swedish primary care

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kalliokoski ◽  
M. Widarsson ◽  
N. Rodhe ◽  
M. Löfvander
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Target Group ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Group Interviews

Abstract Background A previous study showed that pregnant women/new mothers especially Somali-born and some Swedish-born had extremely low vitamin D levels and poor physical performance. Our study aimed to examine vitamin D related lifestyle, attitudes and behaviour before and after brief information about vitamin D, with special long-term focus on Somali-born women. Methods A cohort of 91 pregnant women/new mothers having serum hydroxyvitamin D (S-25-OHD) ≤ 50 nmol/L (n = 51 Somali-born with one third < 10 nmol/L of S-25-OHD) in primary health care in Sweden was targeted for intervention. Brief individual oral and visual information on vitamin D was given by doctors at baseline and after four and ten months. Questionnaires with ordinal scales on vitamin D related lifestyle of food, clothing, and outdoor activities were distributed on all occasions. Focus-group interviews with 15 women from the target-group were performed after two years. A Somali interpreter was available. Results Veiled clothing, indoor living, and a low intake of milk, cheese, and fatty fish were common in the target group. Consumption pattern had increased significantly among the Somali-born women at the four-month follow-up but declined to non-significant levels at the ten-month follow-up. The focus-group interviews showed improved understanding of vitamin D deficiency, symptoms and attitudes, but varying applied behaviours related to sun exposure. Sun exposure for the children and increased fish consumption was the most evident positive results. Conclusions Vitamin D related lifestyle, attitudes and behaviour improved in a Somali-born group of pregnant women/new mothers with severe vitamin D deficiency. The preventive measures suggested in our study may have impact on public health in relation to bone and muscle strength and immunity especially in vitamin D deficiency risk groups. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02922803. Date of registration: 28 September 2016.

scholarly journals Poor Vitamin D Status in Healthy Populations in India: A Review of Current Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 185-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Trilok Kumar ◽  
Reema Chugh ◽  
Manfred Eggersdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with rickets in children, with osteoporosis in the elderly, is thought to increase the risk of certain cancers and of cardiovascular diseases, and may have an impact on many other health conditions. Asians are reported to have a poor vitamin D status despite adequate sunshine in their regions. Data on the extent of vitamin D deficiency at the population level from most Asian countries, including India, are limited. Part of the reason for paucity regarding vitamin D status is the absence of clear recommendations on optimal vitamin D intakes and status, as well as clear consensus on the cut-offs for deficiency. With a large country covering several latitudes, ethnicities, cultures, traditions, and attitudes, the current data on vitamin D status in India is inadequate and classified in different ways, making interpretation difficult, and is unrepresentative as it comes only from four states, with about half the data from Delhi. Poor vitamin D status is almost universally reported across all age groups with as many as 95.7 % neonates, 75 % adults and 67 % pregnant women having serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels < 50 nmol/L (deficient). Children and adults exposed to sunlight, living in rural or less polluted areas have been reported to have a better vitamin D status, especially in summer months. Lack of conclusive information emphasizes the need for state-specific data on the vitamin D status and the extent of sun exposure to issue recommendations for vitamin D intake in the country.

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