scholarly journals Children and adults should avoid consuming animal products to reduce the risk for chronic disease: Debate Consensus

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-940
Author(s):  
Neal D Barnard ◽  
Frédéric Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Vulnerable Population Groups

ABSTRACT The present debate outlined opposing views regarding the role of animal products in human diets. The YES position argues that the health benefits and safety of plant-based diets have been clearly established by consistent findings of randomized trials and observational studies; that animal products skew the diet toward saturated fat, excess protein, cholesterol, lactose, and exogenous hormones; and that vulnerable populations are better nourished by vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains than by striated muscle and cow milk. In contrast, the NO position asserts that animal foods are not only benign but are also key elements of the human omnivore diet, facilitating the global challenge of adequate essential nutrition. This view holds that the portrayal of animal foods as unhealthy is not supported by the evidence and that a restrictive vegan diet decreases nutritional flexibility and robustness, increasing risk for vulnerable population groups. Points of agreement and controversy were identified, as well as opportunities for further studies.

scholarly journals Unintended Consequences: Nutritional Impact and Potential Pitfalls of Switching from Animal- to Plant-Based Foods

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2527
Author(s):  
Rachel Tso ◽  
Ciarán G. Forde
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Consumers are shifting towards plant-based diets, driven by both environmental and health reasons. This has led to the development of new plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) that are marketed as being sustainable and good for health. However, it remains unclear whether these novel PBMAs to replace animal foods carry the same established nutritional benefits as traditional plant-based diets based on pulses, legumes and vegetables. We modelled a reference omnivore diet using NHANES 2017–2018 data and compared it to diets that substituted animal products in the reference diet with either traditional or novel plant-based foods to create flexitarian, vegetarian and vegan diets matched for calories and macronutrients. With the exception of the traditional vegan diet, all diets with traditional plant-based substitutes met daily requirements for calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, iron and Vitamin B12 and were lower in saturated fat, sodium and sugar than the reference diet. Diets based on novel plant-based substitutes were below daily requirements for calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc and Vitamin B12 and exceeded the reference diet for saturated fat, sodium and sugar. Much of the recent focus has been on protein quality and quantity, but our case study highlights the risk of unintentionally increasing undesirable nutrients while reducing the overall nutrient density of the diet when less healthy plant-based substitutes are selected. Opportunities exist for PBMA producers to enhance the nutrient profile and diversify the format of future plant-based foods that are marketed as healthy, sustainable alternatives to animal-based products.

Health Implications of a Vegetarian Diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Marsh ◽  
Carol Zeuschner ◽  
Angela Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Chronic Health Problems

There is now a significant amount of research that demonstrates the health benefits of vegetarian and plant-based diets, which have been associated with a reduced risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and some types of cancer as well as increased longevity. Vegetarian diets are typically lower in fat, particularly saturated fat, and higher in dietary fiber. They are also likely to include more whole grains, legumes, nuts, and soy protein, and together with the absence of red meat, this type of eating plan may provide many benefits for the prevention and treatment of obesity and chronic health problems, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although a well-planned vegetarian or vegan diet can meet all the nutritional needs of an individual, it may be necessary to pay particular attention to some nutrients to ensure an adequate intake, particularly if the person is on a vegan diet. This article will review the evidence for the health benefits of a vegetarian diet and also discuss strategies for meeting the nutritional needs of those following a vegetarian or plant-based eating pattern.

scholarly journals Children and adults should avoid consuming animal products to reduce risk for chronic disease: YES

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 926-930
Author(s):  
Neal D Barnard ◽  
Frédéric Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Vitamin B 12 ◽  
Reduce Risk

ABSTRACT The consumption of animal products exposes humans to saturated fat, cholesterol, lactose, estrogens, and pathogenic microorganisms, while displacing fiber, complex carbohydrates, antioxidants, and other components needed for health. In the process, consumption of animal products increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and other disorders. This dietary pattern also promotes the growth of unhealthful gut bacteria, fostering, among other things, the production of trimethylamine N-oxide, a proinflammatory compound associated with cardiovascular and neurological diseases. When omnivorous individuals change to a plant-based diet, diet quality as measured by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index improves, and the risk of these health problems diminishes. Planning for nutrient adequacy is important with any diet. However, a diet based on vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes, supplemented with vitamin B-12, is nutritionally superior to diets including animal products and is healthful for children and adults.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

scholarly journals The role of striated muscle Pik3r1 in glucose and protein metabolism following chronic glucocorticoid exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 100395
Author(s):  
Tzu-Chieh Chen ◽  
Taiyi Kuo ◽  
Mohamad Dandan ◽  
Rebecca A. Lee ◽  
Maggie Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Striated Muscle

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality of Undergraduate Student Meals in an All-You-Care-to-Eat Campus Dining Facility (P04-156-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Olson ◽  
Katie Vieyra ◽  
Alexandra Polasky ◽  
Amy Best ◽  
Lois Durant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Research Award ◽  
George Mason University ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Objectives To assess the overall nutritional quality of meals chosen by undergraduate students during weekday lunches at campus all-you-care-to-eat dining halls. Methods A previously validated exit survey was used to collect self-reported data from undergraduate students on foods and beverages they consumed during a single visit to two all-you-care-to-eat dining halls on the George Mason University Fairfax campus, during 4 weeks. (n = 468) Nutritional quality of each meal was evaluated on a 7-point rubric, according to the ‘Wellness Meal’ standards from the Partnership for a Healthier America: ≤700 kilocalories, ≤10% calories from saturated fat, ≤800 mg sodium, ≥2 ounces whole grains, ≥1 cup lowfat dairy, ≥ 1.75 cups fruits and vegetables, and ≥ 2 ounces lean protein. Results Of the maximum score of 7 on the meal nutritional quality rubric, 4 participants earned the highest score of 5, whereas 43, 150, 132, 88, and 51 participants had scores of 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0, respectively. The most commonly attained rubric standard was saturated fat, where 60% of participants consumed ≤ 10% calories from saturated fat and average consumption was 9.1% (± 5.4%) of calories. The least achieved rubric category was lowfat dairy, where only 2% of students consumed 1 cup equivalent, followed by only 9% of participants having consumed the 2 ounce equivalent of whole grains. Approximately one-third of students met calorie, lean protein, sodium, and fruit/vegetable standards. Conclusions Despite a wide variety of food options in the campus all-you-care-to-eat dining halls during the lunch hours, most undergraduate students consumed meals of subpar nutritional quality, with the vast majority meeting fewer than half the categories on the meal nutritional quality rubric. All-you-care-to-eat university dining halls may be a prime location for nutrition education and interventions. Funding Sources This research was funded by the George Mason University Provost's Multidisciplinary Research Award.

THE ROLE OF COW PROCESSING IN IMPROVEMENT MILK QUALITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
G. A. Larionov ◽  
◽  
O. Yu. Сhecheneshkina ◽  
E. S. Yatrusheva ◽  
N. I. Yendierov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Main Factor

The main factor of determining the level of sanitary and hygienic indicators of the quality of milk produced is the hygiene of milking cows. The study of the role of hygiene of milking is of great importance for a correct understanding of the ways of solving the problem of obtaining high quality milk. Special attention of scientists and practitioners in recent years are focused on the development and implementation of highly effective detergents and disinfectants in the production of milk of cows. Many researchers and practitioners have directed their work to developing measures to prevent the entry of pathogenic microflora into milk during and after milking cows. In spite of many researches carried out, aimed at controlling the number of somatic cells in milk with the use of different products based on lactic acid, chlorhexidine and iodine, the problem of high quality milk production remains unresolved. In our work results of researches on the use of probiotic means for treatment of udders of cows are given. Processing the udder of cows with probiotic means before milking by Skin Cleaner, after milking by PIP Cow Teat Cleaner reduced the amount of somatic cells in cow milk 12,8-84,0%. The use of probiotic means Biomastim lowed somatic cell count of 18,4-51,9%. Microbiological contamination of milk using probiotic means for processing the udder before milking Skin Cleaner, after milking PIP Cow Teat Cleaner decreased 4,9- 70,4 times. The application of probiotic means Biomastim after milking on the teats led to the decrease in milk of cows QMAFAnM 5,0-6,6 times.

scholarly journals The challenges of adopting BIM for setting and infrastructure management of University of Minho

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 02002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo J. S. Cruz ◽  
Miguel Azenha
Keyword(s):  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
The University

The University of Minho (UMinho) is aware of the relevant role of higher education institutions in the global challenge of sustainability. The integration of sustainability values into its strategy encompasses all the fields of its activity. Taking into account the growing importance of shared knowledge resources as a reliable basis for decisions during infrastructures life cycle, the UMinho is currently undergoing an important process of implementing a ‘Building Information Modelling’ framework (BIM). This paper briefly describes the implementation steps that are current towards such a goal, in particular in terms of facilities management aspects.

scholarly journals Phosphate has dual roles in cross-bridge kinetics in rabbit psoas single myofibrils

2021 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Kawai ◽  
Robert Stehle ◽  
Gabriele Pfitzer ◽  
Bogdan Iorga
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Skinned Fibers ◽  
Sinusoidal Analysis ◽  
Rabbit Psoas ◽  
Cross Bridge

In this study, we aimed to study the role of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the production of oscillatory work and cross-bridge (CB) kinetics of striated muscle. We applied small-amplitude sinusoidal length oscillations to rabbit psoas single myofibrils and muscle fibers, and the resulting force responses were analyzed during maximal Ca2+ activation (pCa 4.65) at 15°C. Three exponential processes, A, B, and C, were identified from the tension transients, which were studied as functions of Pi concentration ([Pi]). In myofibrils, we found that process C, corresponding to phase 2 of step analysis during isometric contraction, is almost a perfect single exponential function compared with skinned fibers, which exhibit distributed rate constants, as described previously. The [Pi] dependence of the apparent rate constants 2πb and 2πc, and that of isometric tension, was studied to characterize the force generation and Pi release steps in the CB cycle, as well as the inhibitory effect of Pi. In contrast to skinned fibers, Pi does not accumulate in the core of myofibrils, allowing sinusoidal analysis to be performed nearly at [Pi] = 0. Process B disappeared as [Pi] approached 0 mM in myofibrils, indicating the significance of the role of Pi rebinding to CBs in the production of oscillatory work (process B). Our results also suggest that Pi competitively inhibits ATP binding to CBs, with an inhibitory dissociation constant of ∼2.6 mM. Finally, we found that the sinusoidal waveform of tension is mostly distorted by second harmonics and that this distortion is closely correlated with production of oscillatory work, indicating that the mechanism of generating force is intrinsically nonlinear. A nonlinear force generation mechanism suggests that the length-dependent intrinsic rate constant is asymmetric upon stretch and release and that there may be a ratchet mechanism involved in the CB cycle.

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