A - 02 The Epidemiology of Concussion in Middle School Football

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-642
Author(s):  
Blackstone A ◽  
Kelshaw P ◽  
Hacherl S ◽  
Erdman N ◽  
Lincoln A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
American Football ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Public Middle School ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Objective Middle school is often the first exposure to American football for many children. However, research examining concussion in football has primarily focused on high school and older athletes. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of concussion and subsequent sport time loss (TL) in MS football. Methods Athlete exposure (AE) and injury rates (IR) were gathered by onsite Certified Athletic Trainers within public middle school for all events across the 2015/16–2019/20 school years. AE was defined as one athlete participating in one practice or game. TL was defined as the number of days between the injury and return to sport dates. Concussion rates per 1000AE with corresponding confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Injury rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CIs were compared IR between practices and games. CIs excluding 1.0 were considered significant. Results 75 concussions (IR = 1.38/1000AE, 95% CI = 1.06–1.69) occurred across 54,544 AEs. The concussion rate was significantly higher in games (n = 31, IR = 3.51, 95%CI = 2.27–4.75) than practices (n = 44, IR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.68–1.25; IRR = 3.65, 95%CI = 2.30–5.77). The mean sport TL was 16.50 ± 8.25 days. Conclusions We observed middle school football concussion rates (practices and games) and associated TL from sport to be consistent with prior youth and high school football research. However, the concussion rate for middle school games was more than 3 times that of practices. This is similar to prior middle school football findings, but less than reported in high school football. Continued research evaluating modifiable risk factors for concussion in middle school football games and practices is needed.

A - 09 The Epidemiology of Concussion in Middle School Wrestling

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-649
Author(s):  
Ferranti SA ◽  
Kelshaw PM ◽  
Hacherl SL ◽  
Erdman NK ◽  
Lincoln AE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Collegiate Sports ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
School Division ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Objective Wrestling has among the highest concussion incidence in all high school and collegiate sports. Many children begin wrestling in middle school (MS), however, research describing concussion incidence in MS wrestling remains limited. Therefore, we sought to describe the incidence of concussion and subsequent sport time loss (TL) sustained by MS wrestlers. Methods Certified athletic trainers collected concussion and athlete exposure (AE) data for all MS wrestling practices and matches in a large metropolitan public-school division between 2015/16 and 2019/20. AE was defined as one athlete participating in one practice or match. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for diagnosed concussions by event type. TL was the number of days from date of injury to return to sport. Concussion injury rates (IR) per 1000 AEs and injury rate ratios (IRR) to compare IR between practice and matches were calculated with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). IRRs with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were statistically significant. Results 43 concussions occurred across 38,297 AEs (IR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.79–1.46). No significant difference in the concussion IR between practices (n = 33, IR = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.73–1.49) and matches (n = 10, IR = 1.16, CI = 0.44–1.87; IRR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.51–2.11) was observed. The mean TL was 18.38 ± 8.25 days. Conclusions We observed higher practice and match concussion rates than those previously reported among middle and high school wrestlers. Additionally, our findings showed that MS wrestlers required approximately 5 more days to return to sport than reported among HS wrestlers. Further investigation of concussion risk factors for concussion and prolonged TL in MS wrestling is needed.

Epidemiology of 10,000 High School Football Injuries: Patterns of Injury by Position Played

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus A. Badgeley ◽  
Natalie M. McIlvain ◽  
Ellen E. Yard ◽  
Sarah K. Fields ◽  
R. Dawn Comstock
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Patterns Of Injury

Background:With more than 1.1 million high school athletes playing annually during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years, football is the most popular boys’ sport in the United States.Methods:Using an internet-based data collection tool, RIO, certified athletic trainers (ATs) from 100 nationally representative US high schools reported athletic exposure and football injury data during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years.Results:Participating ATs reported 10,100 football injuries corresponding to an estimated 2,739,187 football-related injuries nationally. The injury rate was 4.08 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) overall. Offensive lineman collectively (center, offensive guard, offensive tackle) sustained 18.3% of all injuries. Running backs (16.3%) sustained more injuries than any other position followed by linebackers (14.9%) and wide receivers (11.9%). The leading mechanism of injury was player-player contact (64.0%) followed by player-surface contact (13.4%). More specifically, injury occurred most commonly when players were being tackled (24.4%) and tackling (21.8%).Conclusions:Patterns of football injuries vary by position. Identifying such differences is important to drive development of evidence-based, targeted injury prevention efforts.

The Epidemiology of Injuries in Middle School Football, 2015-2017: The Advancing Healthcare Initiatives for Underserved Students Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Nelson Cortes ◽  
Jatin P. Ambegaonkar ◽  
Amanda M. Caswell ◽  
Matt Prebble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Underserved Students ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background: Although data exist on injuries in youth football leagues, there are limited recent data on injury incidence in middle school football. Updated injury incidence estimates can help drive the development of injury prevention strategies. Purpose: Describe the epidemiology of injuries in middle school football during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data originated from 9 public middle schools in Virginia during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. Certified athletic trainers collected injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data from school-sanctioned games and practices in boys’, football. Injury counts and rates per 1000 AEs were calculated. Injury rate ratios with 95% CIs compared rates between games and practices. Results: Overall, 664 middle school boys’, football injuries were reported, leading to an overall injury rate of 20.54 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 18.98-22.11). The time loss injury rate (inclusive of injuries with participation restriction time ≥24 hours) was 9.28 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 8.23-10.33). The injury rate was higher in competition than practice (36.19 vs 17.97 per 1000 AEs; injury rate ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.69-2.40). Most injuries were to the head/face (competition, 20.6%; practice, 15.8%) and hand/wrist (competition, 18.8%; practice, 16.4%) and were diagnosed as contusions (competition, 30.9%; practice, 25.9%) and sprains (competition, 19.4%; practice, 12.6%). Competitions also had a large proportion of concussions (10.3%). Overall, 80.0% and 66.9% of injuries were due to contact in competition and practice, respectively; of these contact-related injuries, 62.1% and 41.6% were specifically player contact. Conclusion: Injury distributions parallel those found in previous research from middle school and other sport settings. Injury rates in middle school football were higher than those reported in previous findings in high school and college. However, caution must be taken when interpreting findings in relation to other surveillance systems with varying methodologies. Still, the findings highlight the need for injury prevention strategies within middle school football, particularly as related to contact-related mechanisms.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Knee Sprains in Youth, High School, and Collegiate American Football Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Clifton ◽  
James A. Onate ◽  
Eric Schussler ◽  
Aristarque Djoko ◽  
Thomas P. Dompier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Collegiate Football

Context:  Variations in knee-sprain incidence among competition levels are unclear but may help inform prevention strategies in American football players. Objective:  To describe the epidemiology of knee sprains in youth, high school, and collegiate football players. Design:  Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting:  Injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data were collected from 3 injury-surveillance programs at the youth, high school, and collegiate competition levels. Patients or Other Participants:  Data from 310 youth, 184 high school, and 71 collegiate football team-seasons were collected during the 2012 through 2014 seasons. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Knee-sprain rates and risks were calculated for each competition level. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) and risk ratios (RRs) compared knee-sprain rates by competition level. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) compared differences in surgery needs, recurrence, injury mechanism, and injury activity by competition level. Results:  Knee-sprain rates in youth, high school, and collegiate football were 0.16/1000 AEs, 0.25/1000 AEs, and 0.69/1000 AEs, respectively. Knee-sprain rates increased as the competition level increased (high school versus youth: IRR = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 2.30; collegiate versus high school: IRR = 2.73; 95% CI = 2.38, 3.96). Knee-sprain risk was highest in collegiate (4.3%), followed by high school (2.0%) and youth (0.5%) athletes. Knee-sprain risk increased as the competition level increased (high school versus youth: RR = 3.73; 95% CI = 2.60, 5.34; collegiate versus high school: RR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.83, 2.51). Collegiate football had the lowest proportion of knee sprains that were noncontact injuries (collegiate versus youth: IPR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.95; collegiate versus high school: IPR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.44, 0.79) and the lowest proportion that occurred while being tackled (collegiate versus youth: IPR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.76; collegiate versus high school: IPR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.98). Conclusions:  Knee-sprain incidence was highest in collegiate football. However, level-specific variations in the distributions of knee sprains by injury activity may highlight the need to develop level-specific policies and prevention strategies that ensure safe sports play.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Overuse Conditions in Youth Football and High School Football Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 976-981
Author(s):  
Kevin Morris ◽  
Janet E. Simon ◽  
Dustin R. Grooms ◽  
Chad Starkey ◽  
Thomas P. Dompier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Rate Ratios

Context: High-intensity sport training at the youth level has led to increased concern for overuse conditions. Few researchers have examined overuse conditions in youth sports.Objective: To examine the rates, risks, and distributions of overuse conditions between youth and high school football players.Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study.Setting: Youth and high school football teams.Patients or Other Participants: The Youth Football Safety Study (YFSS) investigated youth football athletes from age 5 to 14 years. The National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION) focused on high school football athletes 14 to 18 years old. The YFSS data consisted of 210 team-seasons, and the NATION data consisted of 138 team-seasons.Main Outcome Measure(s): Athletic trainers collected football injury and exposure data during the 2012 and 2013 seasons. Injury rates, risks, and distributions were calculated, with injury rate ratios, risk ratios, and injury proportion ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing youth and high school football players.Results: The YFSS reported 1488 injuries, of which 53 (3.6%) were overuse conditions. The NATION reported 12 013 injuries, of which 339 (2.8%) were overuse conditions. The overuse condition rate did not differ between high school and youth football (3.93 versus 3.72/10 000 athlete-exposures; injury rate ratio = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.79, 1.41). However, the 1-season risk of overuse condition was higher in high school than in youth football players (2.66% versus 1.05%; risk ratio = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.84, 3.47). Compared with high school football players, youth football players had greater proportions of overuse conditions that were nontime loss (ie, <24 hours participation-restriction time; 83.0% versus 67.0%; injury proportion ratio = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.43) and affecting the lower extremity (92.5% versus 62.5%; injury proportion ratio = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.32, 1.65).Conclusions: Overuse conditions may not present a primary concern in youth and high school football players. However, differences existed between the 2 levels of competition. Although additional research on the incidence of overuse conditions across all youth and high school sports is needed, these findings may highlight the need for programming that is specific to competition level.

A - 10 Concussion Rates and Sports Participation Time Loss in Sex-Comparable Middle School Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-650
Author(s):  
Hacherl S ◽  
Kelshaw P ◽  
Erdman N ◽  
Lincoln A ◽  
Dunn R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
School Division ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Objective High rates of concussion in sex-comparable sports have been reported at the high school (HS), however, research examining concussion rates and time loss, in middle school (MS) sports is limited; therefore, we investigated concussion rates and time loss (TL) in sex-comparable MS sports. Methods Concussion and athlete exposure (AE) data was collected for all MS sponsored events in a metropolitan public-school division between 2015/16–2019/20. AE was defined as one athlete participating in one sport-event. TL was defined as the number of days between the injury and return to sport dates. Injury rates (IR) per 1000 AEs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for sex-comparable sports (baseball/softball, basketball, soccer, & track). Injury rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CIs were compared IR between sexes. CIs excluding 1.0 were considered significant. A Mann–Whitney U test compared mean TL between sexes. Results 76 concussions (IR = 0.35/1000AEs, 95%CI: 0.27–0.43) occurred across 215,074 AEs. Girls had a higher IR (0.48, 95%CI: 0.35–0.62, n = 52) than boys (0.22, 95%CI: 0.13–0.31, n = 24; IRR:2.18, 95%CI:1.34–3.53). Girls had a greater mean TL (20.27 ± 16.96 days) than boys (13.67 ± 5.66 days, U = 282.5, p = 0.04). Conclusions Within sex-comparable sports, girls had nearly twice the IR, and took nearly 7 days longer to recover than boys. IR differences between sexes in MS and HS athletes were consistent, however MS girls needed nearly one-week longer to recover than HS girls, while MS and HS boys were similar. Further inquiry into MS sport concussion rates, sex differences, and subsequent TL is warranted.

IMPLEMENTASI SUPERVISI OLEH PENGAWAS SEKOLAH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN GURU DALAM PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Salfilla Juliana
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Skills Assessment ◽  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Teacher Skills ◽  
Public Middle School ◽  
Made In

This research was motivated by the weakness of teachers in carrying out the learning process in Bandar Laksamana 1 Public Middle School. The purpose of this study is to improve the skills of teachers teaching in the classroom with the help of supervision. This research was conducted at Bandar Laksamana 1 Public Middle School. This research is a classroom action research consisting of two cycles with. Each cycle consists of four stages such as planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results of the study show that on the basic score, teacher teaching skills are included in the sufficient category with an average score of 60.21. After improvements were made in the first cycle, the results of the teacher's skills assessment increased to a good category with the teacher's average score of 75.54. For the implementation of the teacher's skills assessment in teaching in the second cycle again increased with a very good category with an average value of 85.75. Based on the results of the above research, researchers can conclude that with the implementation of supervision in Bandar Laksamana 1 Junior High School can improve teacher skills in teaching.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Cervical Muscle Strains in Collegiate and High School Football Athletes, 2011–2012 Through 2013–2014 Academic Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 780-786
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Lee ◽  
Melissa C. Kay ◽  
Kristen L. Kucera ◽  
William E. Prentice ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Cervical Muscle

Context Cervical muscle strains are an often-overlooked injury, with neck- and spine-related research typically focusing on spinal cord and vertebral injuries. Objective To examine the rates and distributions of cervical muscle strains in collegiate and high school football athletes. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Collegiate and high school football teams. Patients or Other Participants The National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) collected data from collegiate football athletes. The High School National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (HS NATION) and High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO) collected data from high school football athletes. Data from the 2011–2012 through 2013–2014 academic years were used. Main Outcome Measure(s) Athletic trainers collected injury and exposure data for football players. Injury counts, injury rates per 10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs), and injury rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results The NCAA-ISP reported 49 cervical muscle strains (rate = 0.96/10 000 AEs), of which 28 (57.1%) were TL (time loss; rate = 0.55/10 000 AEs). High School NATION reported 184 cervical muscle strains (rate = 1.66/10 000 AEs), of which 33 (17.9%) were TL injuries (rate = 0.30/10 000 AEs). The HS RIO, which collects only TL injuries, reported 120 TL cervical muscle strains (rate = 0.51/10 000 AEs). The overall injury rate was lower in the NCAA-ISP than in HS NATION (injury rate ratio = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.42, 0.79); when restricted to TL injuries, the overall injury rate was higher in the NCAA-ISP (injury rate ratio = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.11, 3.03). No differences were found when comparing TL injuries in HS RIO and the NCAA-ISP. Cervical muscle-strain rates were higher during competitions than during practices across all 3 surveillance systems for all injuries. Most cervical muscle strains were due to player contact (NCAA-ISP = 85.7%, HS NATION = 78.8%, HS RIO = 85.8%). Conclusions The incidence of cervical muscle strains in football players was low compared with other injuries. Nonetheless, identifying and implementing interventions, particularly those aimed at reducing unsafe player contact, are essential to further decrease the risk of injury and associated adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in United States High School Football (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Football (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 738-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Gary B. Wilkerson ◽  
Shane V. Caswell ◽  
Dustin W. Currie ◽  
Lauren A. Pierpoint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Web Based

Context: The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of football injury data.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school football in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate football in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting: Online injury surveillance from football teams of high school boys (annual average = 100) and collegiate men (annual average = 43).Patients or Other Participants: Football players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college.Main Outcome Measure(s): Athletic trainers collected time-loss injury (≥24 hours) and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis were calculated.Results: The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 18 189 time-loss injuries during 4 539 636 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 22 766 time-loss injuries during 3 121  476 AEs. The injury rate was higher among collegiate than high school (7.29 versus 4.01/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.79, 1.86) athletes. Most injuries occurred during competitions in high school (53.2%) and practices in college (60.9%). The competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate among both high school (IRR = 5.62; 95% CI = 5.46, 5.78) and collegiate (IRR = 6.59; 95% CI = 6.41, 6.76) players. Most injuries at both levels affected the lower extremity and the shoulder/clavicle and were diagnosed as ligament sprains and muscle/tendon strains. However, concussion was a common injury during competitions among most positions.Conclusions: Injury rates were higher in college than in high school and higher for competitions than for practices. Concussion was a frequent injury sustained during competitions, which confirms the need to develop interventions to mitigate its incidence and severity.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Mandated Headgear Use in High School Women’s Lacrosse at Reducing the Rate of Head and Face Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0034
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Baron ◽  
Shayla J. Veasley ◽  
Matthew T. Kingery ◽  
Michael J. Alaia ◽  
Dennis A. Cardone
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
School Organization ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
The Public

Objectives: There has been continued controversy regarding whether or not headgear use in women’s lacrosse will increase or decrease the rate of head injuries. In 2017, the Public Schools Athletic of New York City became the first high school organization in the country to mandate ASTM standard F3137 headgear for all women’s lacrosse players. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mandated headgear use on the rate of head and face injuries in high school women’s lacrosse. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. The study group included eight varsity and junior varsity women’s lacrosse teams, as well as their game opponents, who were mandated to wear F3137 headgear for all practice and game events over the course of the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Certified athletic trainers assessed and documented all injuries that occurred as a result of participation on the lacrosse teams and athlete exposures were estimated based on the number of team practice and game events. Injury rates were compared with those from the High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) injury data reports from the 2009 to 2016 seasons. Results: Over the study period, 17 total injuries were reported during 22,397 exposures for an injury rate of 0.76 injuries per 1,000 athlete-exposures. Two head/face injuries, both of which were classified as concussions, were reported during the study for a head/face injury rate and concussion rate of 0.09 per 1,000 athlete-exposures. The headgear cohort demonstrated significant decreases in rates of in-game head/face injury (RR 0.141, 95% CI [0.004, 0.798]), in-game concussion (RR 0.152, 95% CI [0.004, 0.860) and practice non-head/face injury (RR 0.239, 95% CI [0.049, 0.703]) when compared to the control cohort. Conclusion: Mandated use of F3137 headgear was shown to be effective at lowering the rate of head or face injury and concussions in women’s lacrosse. Additionally, mandated headgear use was also shown to lower the rate of injury to body locations other than the head or face during practice. [Table: see text]

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