A-182 Development of a PTSD-Specific Embedded Validity Measure in the Personality Assessment Inventory

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1237
Author(s):  
Melissa A Myers ◽  
Natasha Basu ◽  
Murphy N Harrell ◽  
Jasmin H Pizer ◽  
Nanako A Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Legal Case ◽  
Validity Measure

Abstract Objective/Background The present study investigated the feasibility of developing a PTSD-specific malingering scale embedded within the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Methods Participants consisted of 489 individuals [mean age = 20.0 (SD = 3.29); 71% female; 73.0% Caucasian, 17.6% African American, 3.5%, 9.4% Other] who completed PAI. 274 individuals were in the control group and instructed to answer normally while 215 were instructed to simulate PTSD with intent to successfully feign PTSD in the context of a legal case. The following were identified as candidate PAI subscales for logistic regression to identify feigned PTSD: ARD-T, BOR-A, SCZ-T, ANX-P, and DEP-P. Results Logistic regression analysis was performed with known group as the dependent variable and PAI subtest normed T-scores as predictor variables. The final full model of five predictor variables significantly predicted group status (χ2 = 384.9, df = 5, N = 489, p < 0.001). The model accounted for 54.5% to 73.0% of the variance (Cox and Snell R2 = 0.545; Nagelkerke R2 = 0.730) in performance classification with overall 89.4% of individuals correctly predicted to their known group. At a cut value of 0.65 the specificity was 94.9%, and the sensitivity was 82.3%. Within the model, the following variables were incrementally predictive of group membership: ARD-T (B = 0.05, p < 0.001), BOR-A (B = 0.04, p < 0.05), and ANX-P (B = 0.04, p < 0.05). Conclusions Preliminary evidence for use of an embedded PAI malingering scale within the PAI was found. Further replication is needed in clinical populations prior to use in practice.

scholarly journals A-206 “Mittenberg-Type formula for Identifying Feigned ADHD Using WAIS-IV”

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1001
Author(s):  
Harrell M ◽  
Myers M ◽  
Aita S ◽  
Taylor S ◽  
Beach J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
Genuine Effort

Abstract Objective This study utilized logistic regression to determine whether performance patterns on the WAIS-IV subtests could differentiate between genuine-effort and simulated ADHD groups. Method Participants were 355 college students (55.3%% female; 65.7% Caucasian, 23.9% African American, 4.2% Asian; age range 17–51 years, Mage = 20.93 years, SD = 4.63; 76.4% no psychological diagnosis) who completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). Mean FSIQ for control group was 102.35 and 87.48 for the simulator group. Eighty participants (22.5%) simulated ADHD symptoms, while 276 participants (77.5%) provided genuine effort. Results A logistic regression analysis was performed with known group as the dependent variable and WAIS-IV subtest scaled scores as predictor variables. The final model of five predictor variables (Similarities, Information, Digit Span, Symbol Search, and Coding) significantly predicted group status (χ2 = 140.91, df = 5, N = 355, p < .001). The model accounted for 33% to 50% of the variance (Cox and Snell R2 = .33; Nagelkerke R2 = .50) in performance classification with overall 86% of individuals correctly predicted to their known group. At a cut value of .65 the sensitivity was 69.6% and the specificity was 90.6%. A cut value of.55 the sensitivity was 53.2% and the specificity was at 94.6%. Conclusions These findings are consistent with prior research suggesting discriminant function analysis derived from clinical measures (e.g., WAIS-IV) can be useful as embedded validity measures in distinguishing suspicious and genuine performance. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive power of the WAIS-IV subtests were acceptable at 5% and 10% false positive rates.

scholarly journals Irritable bowel syndrome: The incidence of concurrent psychopathology

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Margie H Wilson ◽  
Anita D Stuart ◽  
H Gertie Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
White Women ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
White Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The goal of this study was to improve understanding of the association between physiology and psychology in Functional Gastrointestinal disorders by considering the co-morbidity of lrritable Bowel Syndrome and psychopathology in a sector of the South African population. A comparison was made between the incidence of concurrent psychopathology in a sample of 48 white female patients, aged 25 to 55 years and diagnosed with lrritable Bowel Syndrome and the incidence of psychopathology in a control group that consisted of 39 white women, aged 25 to 55 years, who did not meet the criteria for lrritable Bowel Syndrome.The Personality Assessment Inventory was used to determine the incidence of psychopathological personality traits and symptoms in the lrritable Bowel Syndrome group and the control group. This is a selfadministered, objective measuring instrument of adult personality that was developed to provide information about 18 critical clinical variables. The instrument was developed and standardised for use in the clinical assessment of individuals aged 18 years and older. Earlier studies showed a high incidence of associated psychiatric disorder in patients with lrritable Bowel Syndrome. This study confirmed this trend and it seems as if age and level of education has no influence on the incidence of psychopathology in patients with lrritable Bowel Syndrome.OpsommingDit was die doel van die studie om 'n verbeterde begrip van die assosiasie tussen fisiologie en sielkunde in Funksionele Maagderm Versteurings te bewerkstellig deur die komorbiditeit van Prikkelbare Dermsindroom en psigopatalogie binne 'n sektor van die Suid Afrikaanse populasie te oorweeg. 'n Vergelyking is getref tussen die voorkoms van konkurrente psigopatalogie in 'n steekproef van 48 wit, vroulike pasiente wat wissel in ouderdomme van 25 tot 55 jaar en gediagnoseer is met Prikkelbare Dermsindroom, en die voorkoms van psigopatalogie in 'n kontrolegroep wat bestaan het uit 39 wit vrouens wat nie aan Prikkelbare Dermsindroom ly nie en wie se ouderdomme gewissel het van 25 tot 55 jaar. Die "Personality Assessment Inventory" is gebruik om die voorkoms van psigopatalogiese persoonlikheidtrekke en simptome in die Prikkelbare Dermsindroomgroep en die kontrolegroep te bepaal. Hierdie is 'n self-geadministreerde, objektiewe meetinstrument van volwasse persoonlikheid wat ontwerp is om inligting oor 18 kritiese kliniese veranderlikes te verskaf. Die instrument is ontwikkel en gestandaardiseer vir gebruik in die kliniese taksering van individue vanaf die ouderdom van 18 jaar. Vroesre studies het 'n hoe voorkoms van geassosieerde psigiatriese versteuring in pasiente met Prikkelbare Dermsindroom getoon. Die tendens is bevestig in die studie en dit blyk asof ouderdom of opvoedingsvlak nie 'n invloed het op die voorkoms van psigopatalogie in pasiente met Prikkelbare Dermsindroom nie.

Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI).

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1226-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Pignolo ◽  
Santo Di Nuovo ◽  
Mario Fulcheri ◽  
Adriana Lis ◽  
Claudia Mazzeschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
Italian Version

Risk Factors of Recurrent Ischemic Events after Acute Noncardiogenic Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (45) ◽  
pp. 4827-4834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Xingang Li ◽  
Dongzhi Wang ◽  
Hong Lv ◽  
Xuezhong Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Clopidogrel Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Events

Background: A considerable proportion of acute noncardiogenic ischemic stroke patients continue to experience recurrent ischemic events after standard therapy. Aim: We aimed to identify risk factors for recurrent ischemic event prediction at an early stage. Methods : 286 non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke patients with the onset of symptoms within 24 hours were enrolled. Vascular risk factors, routine laboratory data on admission, thromboelastography test seven days after clopidogrel therapy and any recurrent events within one year were assessed. Patients were divided into case group (patients with clinical adverse events, including ischemic stokes, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction and vascular related mortality) and control group (events-free patients). The risk of the recurrent ischemic events was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Clinical adverse events were observed in 43 patients (case group). The mean levels of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Lymphocyte Count (LY) and Fibrinogen (Fib) on admission were significantly higher in the case group as compared to the control group (P<0.001). Seven days after clopidogrel therapy, the ADP-induced platelet inhibition rate (ADP%) level was lower in the case group, while the Maximum Amplitude (MA) level was higher in the case group as compared to the control group (P<0.01). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of LY, PLR, , Fib, MA, ADP% and MPV were 0.602, 0.614, 0.629, 0.770, 0.800 and 0.808, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that MPV, ADP% and MA were indeed predictive factors. Conclusion: MPV, ADP% and MA were risk factors of recurrent ischemic events after acute noncardiogenic ischemic stroke. Urgent assessment and individual drug therapy should be offered to these patients as soon as possible.

Whos Chatting?: Interplay between Personality and WhatsApp Use

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Big Five Inventory ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
The Relationship

Smartphone-based messaging applications have shown phenomenal growth with the proliferation of the internet coupled with the high penetration of smartphones into masses. The current study is an attempt to understand the relationship between the individuals personality and their use of WhatsApp, a popular smartphone-based messaging application in Indian context. For personality assessment the study takes Big Five Inventory. A questionnaire consisting items on individual WhatsApp use and Big Five Inventory was administered to students in an Indian University. Multiple regression and logistic regression revealed significant relationships between personality and WhatsApp usage and use of its different inbuilt functions.

scholarly journals Low serum vitamin B12 levels are associated with degenerative rotator cuff tear

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hwa Kim ◽  
Go-Tak Kim ◽  
Siyeoung Yoon ◽  
Hyun Il Lee ◽  
Kyung Rae Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract Background Vitamin B12 (Vit B12) deficiency results in elevated homocysteine levels and interference with collagen cross-linking, which may affect tendon integrity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether serum Vit B12 levels were correlated with degenerative rotator cuff (RC) tear. Methods Eighty-seven consecutive patients with or without degenerative RC tear were enrolled as study participants. Possible risk factors (age, sex, medical history, bone mineral density, and serum chemistries including glucose, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, homocysteine, Vitamin D, Vit B12, homocysteine, and folate) were assessed. Significant variables were selected based on the results of univariate analyses, and a logistic regression model (backward elimination) was constructed to predict the presence of degenerative RC tear. Results In the univariate analysis, the group of patients with degenerative RC tear had a mean concentration of 528.4 pg/mL Vit B12, which was significantly lower than the healthy control group (627.1 pg/mL). Logistic regression analysis using Vit B12 as an independent variable revealed that Vit B12 concentrations were significantly correlated with degenerative RC tear (p = 0.044). However, Vit B12 levels were not associated with tear size. Conclusion Low serum levels of Vit B12 were independently related to degenerative RC tear. Further investigations are warranted to determine if Vit B12 supplementation can decrease the risk of this condition.

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