scholarly journals Relations Between Acculturation and Cognitive Outcomes in a Sample of Latino Preschool Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1247-1247
Author(s):  
M Crossland ◽  
C Lonigan
Keyword(s):  
Early Literacy ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Vocabulary Subtest ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

Abstract Objective Culture and ethnicity significantly affect cognitive test performance of adults and children. However, no prior studies have examined the effect of acculturation on the cognitive test performance of toddlers. This study examined the relationship between parental acculturation and cognitive test scores among Latino preschoolers. Participants and Method In this study, 1300 Latino toddlers (50% F; M age = 53.7 months, SD = 5.2) completed the Definitional Vocabulary subtest of the Test of Preschool Early Literacy (TOPEL), the Revised Get Ready to Read Screening Tool (GRTR) and, if they spoke Spanish, the Definitional Vocabulary subtest of the Spanish Early Literacy Assessment (SPELA) pre-intervention. Parents completed the Acculturation Scale for Mexican Americans (ARMAS) for a measure of acculturation. Results Exploratory SEM of the ARMAS revealed 4 factors: 2 language preference factors and 2 cultural identity factors. All factors were significantly related to cognitive outcomes (ps < .001) - except for the Latin Identity factor’s relation to the GRTR. English Language Preferences (ELP) and Anglo Identity (AI) factors showed positive associations to tests administered in English; as test scores increased along with ELP and AI. For SPELA, as test scores increased, ELP and AI decreased. For Spanish Language Preferences and Latin Identity factors, relations with test scores were the opposite of those for ELP and AI. Multiple regression analyses showed that both ARMAS language factors uniquely predicted SPELA scores (R2 = .17), and the ELP factor uniquely predicted TOPEL (R2 = .30) and GRTR (R2 = .16) scores. The ARMAS identity factors did not uniquely predict any test score. Conclusions Acculturation does impact performance on cognitive measures. Importantly, language preferences have a larger effect on cognitive outcomes than identity factors. Findings support the need to consider cultural variables when interpreting outcomes on cognitive tests in toddlers, particularly language preferences.

scholarly journals Cognitive profile of mild behavioral impairment in Brain Health Registry participants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzeen Kassam ◽  
Hung-Yu Chen ◽  
Rachel L Nosheny ◽  
Alexander McGirr ◽  
Tirzah Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Health Registry

INTRODUCTION: Dementia assessment includes cognitive and behavioral testing with informant validation. Conventional testing is resource intensive, with uneven access. Online unsupervised assessments could reduce barriers to risk assessment. We interrogated the relationship between informant-rated behavioral changes and neuropsychological test performance in older adults in the Brain Health Registry. METHODS: Participants completed online unsupervised cognitive tests, and informants completed the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist via a Study Partner portal. Cognitive performance was evaluated in MBI+/- individuals, as was the association between cognitive scores and MBI symptom severity. RESULTS: Mean age of the 499 participants was 67, 61% of which were female. MBI+ participants had lower working memory and executive function test scores. Lower cognitive test scores associated with greater MBI burden. DISCUSSION: Our findings support the feasibility of remote, informant-reported behavioral assessment and support its validity by demonstrating a relationship to cognitive test performance using online unsupervised assessments for dementia risk assessment.

Examining the range of normal intraindividual variability in neuropsychological test performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Schretlen ◽  
Cynthia A. Munro ◽  
James C. Anthony ◽  
Godfrey D. Pearlson
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Cerebral Dysfunction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

AbstractNeuropsychologists often diagnose cerebral dysfunction based, in part, on marked variation in an individual's cognitive test performance. However, little is known about what constitutes the normal range of intraindividual variation. In this study, after excluding 54 individuals with significant health problems, we derived 32 z-transformed scores from 15 tests administered to 197 adult participants in a study of normal aging. The difference between each person's highest and lowest scores was computed to assess his or her maximum discrepancy (MD). The resulting MD values ranged from 1.6 to 6.1 meaning that the smallest MD shown by any person was 1.6 standard deviations (SDs) and the largest MD shown by any person was 6.1 SDs. Sixty-six percent of participants produced MD values that exceeded 3 SDs. Eliminating each person's highest and lowest test scores decreased their MDs, but 27% of the participants still produced MD values exceeding 3. Although MD values appeared to increase with age, adjusting test scores for age, which is standard in clinical practice, did not correct for this. These data reveal that marked intraindividual variability is very common in normal adults, and underscore the need to base diagnostic inferences on clinically recognizable patterns rather than psychometric variability alone. (JINS, 2003, 9, 864–870.)

scholarly journals Saliva RNA biomarkers predict concussion duration and detect symptom recovery: a comparison with balance and cognitive testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Fedorchak ◽  
Aakanksha Rangnekar ◽  
Cayce Onks ◽  
Andrea C. Loeffert ◽  
Jayson Loeffert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Prediction Rule ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Symptom Recovery ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

Abstract Objective The goals of this study were to assess the ability of salivary non-coding RNA (ncRNA) levels to predict post-concussion symptoms lasting ≥ 21 days, and to examine the ability of ncRNAs to identify recovery compared to cognition and balance. Methods RNA sequencing was performed on 505 saliva samples obtained longitudinally from 112 individuals (8–24-years-old) with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Initial samples were obtained ≤ 14 days post-injury, and follow-up samples were obtained ≥ 21 days post-injury. Computerized balance and cognitive test performance were assessed at initial and follow-up time-points. Machine learning was used to define: (1) a model employing initial ncRNA levels to predict persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) ≥ 21 days post-injury; and (2) a model employing follow-up ncRNA levels to identify symptom recovery. Performance of the models was compared against a validated clinical prediction rule, and balance/cognitive test performance, respectively. Results An algorithm using age and 16 ncRNAs predicted PPCS with greater accuracy than the validated clinical tool and demonstrated additive combined utility (area under the curve (AUC) 0.86; 95% CI 0.84–0.88). Initial balance and cognitive test performance did not differ between PPCS and non-PPCS groups (p > 0.05). Follow-up balance and cognitive test performance identified symptom recovery with similar accuracy to a model using 11 ncRNAs and age. A combined model (ncRNAs, balance, cognition) most accurately identified recovery (AUC 0.86; 95% CI 0.83–0.89). Conclusions ncRNA biomarkers show promise for tracking recovery from mTBI, and for predicting who will have prolonged symptoms. They could provide accurate expectations for recovery, stratify need for intervention, and guide safe return-to-activities.

Patterns of Cognitive Test Performance As Functions of the Lateral Localization of Cerebral Abnormalities in the Temporal Lobe

1957 ◽  
Vol 103 (433) ◽  
pp. 758-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Meyer ◽  
H. Gwynne Jones
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Verbal Tasks ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Lateral Localization

Various investigations into the effects of brain injury on psychological test performance (Weisenburg and McBride, 1935; Patterson and Zangwill, 1944; Anderson, 1951; McFie and Piercy, 1952; Bauer and Becka, 1954; Milner, 1954) suggest the overall conclusion that patients with left hemisphere lesions are relatively poor at verbal tasks, while those with right-sided lesions do worst at practical tasks, particularly the manipulation of spatial or spatio-temporal relationships. Heilbfun's (1956) study confirmed that verbal deficits result from left-sided lesions but his left and right hemisphere groups produced almost identical scores on spatial tests. In so far as these workers paid attention to the specific sites of the lesions, their findings indicate that the pattern of test performance is a function of the hemisphere in which the lesion occurs rather than of its specific locus.

Improvement of cognitive test performance in patients undergoing primary CABG and other CPB-assisted cardiac procedures

Perfusion ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM van den Goor ◽  
BK Saxby ◽  
JG Tijssen ◽  
KA Wesnes ◽  
BA de Mol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Cardiac Surgical Procedures ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cardiac Procedures ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Cabg Patients

Cardiac surgical procedures assisted by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) impair cognitive functions. Several studies, however, showed that cognitive functions were unaffected in patients undergoing either primary coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or more complex surgery assisted by CPB. Therefore, we conducted a straightforward study to compare patient groups who differed significantly in terms of risk factors such as prolonged CPB times. Consecutive patients (n = 54) were included, undergoing either non-primary CABG, e.g. valve and/or CABG, (n = 30) or primary CABG (n = 24), assisted by CPB. Cognitive function was determined pre-operatively on the day of hospital admission, and post-operatively after one and six months using the Cognitive Drug Research computerized assessment battery. Data from the fourteen individual task variables were summarized in four composite scores: Power of Attention (PoA), Continuity of Attention (CoA), Quality of Episodic Memory (QoEM), and Speed of Memory (SoM). In the non-primary CABG patients, both CoA and QoEM improved after 1 month (p = 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively), whereas, after 6 months, CoA (p = 0.002), QoEM (p = 0.002) and SoM (p < 0.001) were improved. In primary CABG patients, CoA improved at one month after surgery (p = 0.002) and, after six months, not only CoA (p = 0.003), but also QoEM and SoM were improved (p = 0.001 and p = 0.030, respectively). The test performance was similar in non-primary and primary CABG patients after surgery. Our present study shows a post-operative improvement of cognitive composite scores after cardiac surgery assisted by CPB in both non-primary CABG and in primary CABG patients.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Visual Perception Visual Memory Cognitive Functions and Emotional Status among Genders in Elderly Subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
A. Ruhina ◽  
G. Sridevi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Picture Identification

Background: Gender differences in visual memory and perception and cognitive test performance have been significantly influenced by factors like sex Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the gender differences in patterns of cognitive test performance and visual perception in healthy elderly individuals. Methods: Cognitive functions and visual perception was analyzed using clock drawing test and picture identification test in 20 elderly men and women (10 each) and their emotional status was assessed using depression scale Results: The results revealed that females had a better visual memory and depth perception compared to men and the value was statistically significant at p<0.05. Females performed better than men on tests of Picture identification and were better in phonemic verbal skills compared to male men and the value was statistically significant at p<0.05 Conclusion: The present study concluded an innovative finding that women were better in their performance related to visual depth perception and cognitive functions.

When does anxiety help or hinder cognitive test performance? The role of working memory capacity

2012 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Owens ◽  
Jim Stevenson ◽  
Julie A. Hadwin ◽  
Roger Norgate
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance
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