A-78 What You Said is NOT What You Did

Abstract Objective To determine if individuals referred for Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) differential diagnosis, who do and do not fail performance validity tests (PVTs) present themselves differently on self-report measures of executive functioning (Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function; BRIEF) and ADHD (Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales; CAARS). Method A convenience sample of 83 adults referred to an outpatient neuropsychology private practice for neuropsychological assessment for ADHD was collected. MANOVA was performed comparing individuals who passed PVTs (Word Memory Test or WAIS-IV Reliable Digit Span) to individuals who failed PVTs on the Behavioral Regulation Index and Metacognitive Index of the BREIF and Inattention/Memory Problems, Hyperactivity/Restlessness, Impulsivity/Emotional Lability, Problems with Self-Concept, DSM-IV Inattentive Symptoms, DSM-IV Hyperactive-Impulsive Symptoms of the CAARS. Results All statistical comparisons were non-significant at the p = < .05. Conclusions Individuals who fail PVTs are indistinguishable from individuals who pass PVTs on the BRIEF and the CAARS. This is consistent with past research suggesting that validity of self-report cannot be inferred from performance validity testing (Van Dyke, Millis, Axelrod, & Hanks, 2013; Bush, et al., 2005). Also, this data highlights the importance of self-report measures containing their own validated measures of symptom validity.

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A-211 Examination of the Personality Assessment Inventory and Performance Validity Tests: Correlation between Response Styles, Performance Effort, and Somatic Complaint

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa068.211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1006-1006

Author(s):

Chan C ◽

Roth J ◽

Roberts J ◽

Getz G

Keyword(s):

Personality Assessment ◽

Rank Order ◽

Personality Assessment Inventory ◽

Digit Span ◽

Response Styles ◽

Self Report ◽

Choice Test ◽

Performance Validity ◽

Validity Tests ◽

Performance Validity Tests

Abstract Objective Correlation between the performance validity measures from the Advanced Clinical Solution (ACS) package and select scales from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) were examined to investigate relationships between performance effort and response styles involving negative impression (NIM), inconsistency (ICN), infrequency (INF), and somatic compliant (SOM) scales. Theoretical differences between symptom validity based on self-report questionnaires and credibility of performance on a performance validity tests (PVTs) were considered. Method Archival data from clinical neuropsychological evaluations between the years 2015–2018 were reviewed, and 120 consecutive adult cases involving 68 males and 52 females between the ages of 19–69 were collected. Examined measures included: ACS—Word Choice Test (WCT), Reliable Digit Span, Visual Reproduction II Recognition, Logical Memory II Recognition, and the PAI. Spearman’s rank-order correlation and point-biserial correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between variables. Results WCT had significant negative correlations with the NIM scale (rs(118) = −.203, p = .013). Modest correlations were found between SOM and WCT when examining PVT raw score (rs (118) = −.192, p = .018) and base rate performance (rs(118) = −.222, p = .007). Point-biserial serial analysis found a weak negative correlation between performance credibility and the SOM scale, which was statistically significant (rpb = −.221, n = 120, p = .008). Conclusions NIM T-scores appear to be correlated with lower performance on the WCT, suggesting that an exaggerated or distorted impression of the self is associated with higher risk of poorer performance the stand-alone PVT. Correlation between embedded PVTs and PAI scales were inconsistent.

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Samuel, D.B. & Ranseen, J.R. (2006, October). Stimulant medication’s effects on adult ADHD symptoms and NEO PI-R personality traits

10.31234/osf.io/6drtx ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Douglas Samuel ◽

John D. Ranseen

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Neuropsychological Tests ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Self Report ◽

Emotional States ◽

Limited Information ◽

Stimulant Treatment ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Adhd Symptomatology

Previous studies have indicated a consistent profile of basic personality traits correlated with adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (e.g., Ranseen, Campbell, & Baer, 1998; Nigg et al., 2002). In particular, research has found that low scores of the Conscientiousness trait and high scores on Neuroticism have been correlated with ADHD symptomatology. However, to date there is limited information concerning the range of effect resulting from medication treatment for adult ADHD. During an 18 month period, 60 adults were diagnosed with ADHD based on strict, DSM-IV criteria at an outpatient clinic. This evaluation included a battery of neuropsychological tests and a measure of general personality (i.e., the NEO PI-R). Eleven of these participants returned to complete the battery a second time. The pre-post comparisons revealed significant changes following sustained stimulant treatment on both the neuropsychological and self-report measures. These individuals also displayed significant changes on two domains of the NEO PI-R. They showed a significant decrease on the domain of Neuroticism, indicating that now see themselves as less prone to experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression. Additionally, they also reported a significant increase on their scores on the domain of conscientiousness. This increase suggests that they see themselves as more organized and dependable.

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Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and self-reported problem drinking in 6024 Dutch twins

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291714000361 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (12) ◽

pp. 2673-2683 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

E. M. Derks ◽

J. M. Vink ◽

G. Willemsen ◽

W. van den Brink ◽

D. I. Boomsma

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Problem Drinking ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Self Report ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Phenotypic Correlations ◽

Dutch Twins

BackgroundCross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown a positive association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and problematic alcohol use in adults. To what extent this association is explained by genetic and environmental factors is largely unknown.MethodData on ADHD and alcohol consumption were collected by self-report in 6024 adult Dutch twins. ADHD symptoms were assessed by three subscales of the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales – Self-Report: Screening Version (CAARS–S:SV): inattentiveness, hyperactivity and the ADHD index (ADHD-I). Problem drinking was defined as at least two self-reported alcohol-related problems on the CAGE questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was applied to the bivariate twin data to estimate genetic and environmental influences.ResultsHeritability of ADHD symptoms ranged between 32% and 40% and heritability of problem drinking was 50%. The positive correlation between ADHD symptoms and problem drinking was confirmed in this general population sample, with phenotypic correlations between 0.20 and 0.28 and genetic correlations between 0.39 and 0.50. Phenotypic correlations are primarily (61–100%) explained by genetic influences with non-shared environmental influences explaining the remaining covariance. No significant quantitative or qualitative gender differences in covariance structure were found.ConclusionsThis study convincingly shows that ADHD symptoms and problem drinking are moderately but significantly correlated in adults and that genetic correlations are primarily underlying this association. This suggests that early interventions are required to prevent adolescents with ADHD from developing problematic levels of alcohol use. Furthermore, clinicians who treat alcohol-dependent patients should be aware that the patient may have a co-morbid condition of ADHD; integrated interventions are required.

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Criteria and Concurrent Validity of DIVA 2.0: A Semi-Structured Diagnostic Interview for Adult ADHD

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054716646451 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1126-1135 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga ◽

Viviana Nasillo ◽

Vanesa Richarte ◽

Montserrat Corrales ◽

Felipe Palma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Concurrent Validity ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Structured Diagnostic Interview ◽

First Time

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess for the first time the criterion validity of the semi-structured Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (DIVA 2.0), and its concurrent validity in comparison with the Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID) and other ADHD severity scales, following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria. Method: A transversal study was performed on 40 out-patients with ADHD to check the criteria and concurrent validity of the DIVA 2.0 compared with the CAADID. Results: The DIVA 2.0 interview showed a diagnostic accuracy of 100% when compared with the diagnoses obtained with the CAADID interview. The concurrent validity demonstrated good correlations with three self-reported rating scales: the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS; r = .544, p < .0001), the ADHD-Rating Scale ( r = .720, p < .0001), and Sheehan’s Dysfunction Inventory ( r = .674, p < .0001). Conclusion: The DIVA 2.0 is a reliable tool for assessing and diagnosing Adult ADHD and is the only one that offers free online access for clinical and research purposes.

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Item Response Theory Analyses of Barkley’s Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scales

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 1094-1108

Author(s):

Morgan E Nitta ◽

Brooke E Magnus ◽

Paul S Marshall ◽

James B Hoelzle

Keyword(s):

Item Response Theory ◽

Item Response ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Response Theory ◽

Item Level ◽

Latent Traits

Abstract There are many challenges associated with assessment and diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood. Utilizing the graded response model (GRM) from item response theory (IRT), a comprehensive item-level analysis of adult ADHD rating scales in a clinical population was conducted with Barkley's Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Self-Report of Current Symptoms (CSS), a self-report diagnostic checklist and a similar self-report measure quantifying retrospective report of childhood symptoms, Barkley's Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Self-Report of Childhood Symptoms (BAARS-C). Differences in item functioning were also considered after identifying and excluding individuals with suspect effort. Items associated with symptoms of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) are endorsed differently across the lifespan, and these data suggest that they vary in their relationship to the theoretical constructs of IA and H/I. Screening for sufficient effort did not meaningfully change item level functioning. The application IRT to direct item-to-symptom measures allows for a unique psychometric assessment of how the current DSM-5 symptoms represent latent traits of IA and H/I. Meeting a symptom threshold of five or more symptoms may be misleading. Closer attention given to specific symptoms in the context of the clinical interview and reported difficulties across domains may lead to more informed diagnosis.

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Reliability, Validity, Factor Structure, and Measurement Invariance of the Japanese Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS)

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment ◽

10.1177/0734282919842030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 337-349

Author(s):

Fumio Someki ◽

Masafumi Ohnishi ◽

Mikael Vejdemo-Johansson ◽

Kazuhiko Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Measurement Invariance ◽

Factor Structure ◽

North American ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Factor Model ◽

Self Report ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Scalar Invariance ◽

Adhd Rating Scales

To examine reliability, validity, factor structure, and measurement invariance (i.e., configural, metric, and scalar invariance) of the Japanese Conners’ Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Rating Scales (CAARS), Japanese nonclinical adults ( N = 786) completed the CAARS Self-Report (CAARS-S). Each participant was also rated by one observer using the CAARS Observer Form (CAARS-O). For the test of measurement invariance, excerpts from the original (North American) CAARS norming data ( N = 500) were used. Dimensional structure was examined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were satisfactory. Based on the DSM-IV model and Japanese four-factor model, configural and metric invariance were established for the CAARS-S/O across Japanese and North American populations. Scalar invariance was established for the CAARS-O based on the Japanese model. The use of the Japanese CAARS for diagnostic purposes in Japan was supported; however, it should be used with caution for cross-cultural comparison research.

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A-209 The Relationship Between Performance on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) Trial 1 and Neurocognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Functioning in a Pediatric Concussion Population

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa068.209 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1004-1004

Author(s):

Smith A ◽

Thomas J ◽

Friedhoff C ◽

Chin E

Keyword(s):

Rating Scales ◽

Pass Rate ◽

Prior History ◽

Performance Validity ◽

Post Injury ◽

Pediatric Concussion ◽

History Of ◽

Concussion Recovery ◽

Validity Tests ◽

Performance Validity Tests

Abstract Objective In concussion populations, suboptimal effort on performance validity tests (PVTs) has been associated with poorer neuropsychological scores and greater post-concussive complaints. This study examined if performance on TOMM Trial 1 was associated with increased cognitive deficits, post-concussive symptoms, and emotional concerns in a pediatric concussion population. Method This study utilized archival data from 93 patients (mean age = 14.56, SD = 2.01) with a history of concussion who were assessed at approximately 40 days post-injury. Individuals were divided into “Pass” and “Fail” groups based on their TOMM Trial 1 performance using the established cut-off. The testing battery included Auditory Consonant Trigrams, CPT-II and III, HVLT-R, WJ-III and IV, ImPACT, BASC-2, and BRIEF. Results The overall pass rate on Trial 1 was 70% (mean = 46.04, SD = 4.55). There were no significant correlations with Trial 1 and age, grade, gender, prior history of concussion, or mechanism of injury. The Fail group scored lower across domains of attention, memory, and processing speed when compared to the Pass group (p < .05), though their performances were largely average. On rating scales, more concerns were endorsed with the Fail group for attention and executive functioning relative to the Pass group (p < .05), though their scores were below clinical levels. The Fail group reported more post-concussive complaints (p < .05) but they did not significantly differ from the Pass group in terms of depressive symptoms, anxiety, or somatization. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of utilizing PVTs when evaluating concussion recovery in pediatric patients.

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Validity of Self-Report and Informant Rating Scales of Adult ADHD Symptoms in Comparison With a Semistructured Diagnostic Interview

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054705283650 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 494-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Páll Magnússon ◽

Jakob Smári ◽

Dagbjörg Sigurðardóttir ◽

Gísli Baldursson ◽

Jón Sigmundsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Adhd ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Self Report ◽

Adhd Symptoms

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Screening for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adult Inpatients with Psychiatric Disorders

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/03.05.09.13.15.pr0.108.3.815-824 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 815-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Geetha Kumar ◽

Justin Faden ◽

Robert A. Steer

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Male Adult ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Assessment Measures ◽

Comorbid Adhd ◽

Symptom Criteria

The purpose was to assess the effectiveness of the adult ADHD Module from the MINI International Neuropsychiatrie Interview (MINI) and the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales: Screening Version DSM-IV ADHD Symptoms Total Scale (CAARS-S:SV) in screening for attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder in patients hospitalized for other psychiatric disorders. Assessment measures were administered to 55 (50%) female and 55 (50%) male adult (> 18 yr. old) inpatients. Only six (5%) of the 110 inpatients had been diagnosed with comorbid ADHD according to medical charts. In contrast, 55 (50%) patients met criteria for ADHD according to the MINI, and 39 (36%) patients met criteria on the CAARS-S:SV. The higher rates of prevalence for the MINI and the CAARS-S:SV were attributable to symptom criteria for ADHD being similar to those shared with comorbid disorders.

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Incidence of Internet addiction in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.457 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S396-S397

Author(s):

B. Tuzun Mutluer ◽

T.G. Yener Orum ◽

S. Sertcelik

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Internet Use ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Dsm Iv

ObjectiveIn this study, it was aimed to determine the internet use properties of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) patients who were followed-up at Haydarpasa Numune Research and Training Hospital, Psychiatry Department; ADHD Outpatient Clinic.MethodThirty participants who were diagnosed with adult ADHD aged between 18–31 years rated their ADHD symptoms in childhood retrospectively, using Wender Utah Rating Scale. Patients rated current adult ADHD symptoms with the Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale (DSRS) and severity of symptoms measured by Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Internet addiction (IA) was assessed with Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). It was determined that, none of 30 Adult ADHD patients have been diagnosed with IA.29 of patient have moderate internet use although 1 of patients have risky internet use. The results revealed that total ASRS score (P = 0.020), total Adult ADHD DSM-IV-Based DSRS score (P = 0.036) and the Attention Deficit related properties subscale total score (P = 0.042) were significantly correlated with the IAS total score. Subscale of the self-report scales including; failing to finish schoolworks, chores, or duties at workplace, difficulty of following through on instructions (P = 0.017), restiveness; impaired inhibitory performance (P = 0.017), feeling not confident (P = 0.017), difficulty of managing time (P = 0.047), failing to give close attention to details or making careless mistakes (P = 0.037) are closely relevant to IAS total score.ResultIn conclusion, clinical features, which are characteristic of Adult ADHD could have same shared etiology with IA. Furthermore, ADHD patients are more likely to have an IA diagnosis. However, it was thought that this result had to be supported with studies including larger samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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