Personality does not predict individual niche variation in a freshwater fish

Microhabitat Use ◽

Behavioral Traits ◽

Individual Personality ◽

Niche Variation ◽

Animal Populations ◽

Behavioral Assays

Abstract Animal populations can exhibit considerable interindividual variation in both behavioral traits and niche use, but the potential connections between these characteristics are rarely compared for the same individuals. We aimed to test whether behavioral syndromes were predictive of individual diet or microhabitat in a native New Zealand freshwater fish, Gobiomorphus cotidianus. We carried out laboratory behavioral assays and repeated habitat and diet measurements in a seminatural mesocosm system. We found considerable repeatability in individual behavior, largely consistent with a proactive/reactive behavioral syndrome. We also found modest individual repeatability in microhabitat use and relatively strong individual specialization in diet. However, no measure of niche use in the mesocosms was significantly predicted by individual personality. Further studies of this type will be needed to assess whether links between individual behavior and resource use are more important in other species or ecological contexts.

Retraction: Behaviour, morphology and microhabitat use: what drives individual niche variation?

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2020.0588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 20200588

Author(s):

Raul Costa-Pereira ◽

Jonathan Pruitt

Keyword(s):

Microhabitat Use ◽

Niche Variation

Interindividual variation in hypoxic ventilatory response: potential role of carotid body

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1987.63.5.1884 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 1884-1889 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

M. Vizek ◽

C. K. Pickett ◽

J. V. Weil

Keyword(s):

Ventilatory Response ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Hypoxic Ventilatory Response ◽

Peripheral Chemoreceptor ◽

Interindividual Differences ◽

Carotid Bodies ◽

Ventilatory Response To Hypoxia

There is considerable interindividual variation in ventilatory response to hypoxia in humans but the mechanism remains unknown. To examine the potential contribution of variable peripheral chemorecptor function to variation in hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), we compared the peripheral chemoreceptor and ventilatory response to hypoxia in 51 anesthetized cats. We found large interindividual differences in HVR spanning a sevenfold range. In 23 cats studied on two separate days, ventilatory measurements were correlated (r = 0.54, P less than 0.01), suggesting stable interindividual differences. Measurements during wakefulness and in anesthesia in nine cats showed that although anesthesia lowered the absolute HVR it had no influence on the range or the rank of the magnitude of the response of individuals in the group. We observed a positive correlation between ventilatory and carotid sinus nerve (CSN) responses to hypoxia measured during anesthesia in 51 cats (r = 0.63, P less than 0.001). To assess the translation of peripheral chemoreceptor activity into expiratory minute ventilation (VE) we used an index relating the increase of VE to the increase of CSN activity for a given hypoxic stimulus (delta VE/delta CSN). Comparison of this index for cats with lowest (n = 5, HVR A = 7.0 +/- 0.8) and cats with highest (n = 5, HVR A = 53.2 +/- 4.9) ventilatory responses showed similar efficiency of central translation (0.72 +/- 0.06 and 0.70 +/- 0.08, respectively). These results indicate that interindividual variation in HVR is associated with comparable variation in hypoxic sensitivity of carotid bodies. Thus differences in peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity may contribute to interindividual variability of HVR.

Size-selective harvesting and individual personality in a social fish

10.32942/osf.io/ze9nv ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Valerio Sbragaglia ◽

Josep Alós ◽

Kim Fromm ◽

Christopher T. Monk ◽

Carlos Díaz-Gil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Fishing Mortality ◽

Behavioral Differences ◽

Behavioral Traits ◽

Selective Harvesting ◽

Individual Personality ◽

Selective Harvest ◽

The Mean ◽

Induced Changes

In fisheries worldwide, larger fish are subjected to substantially greater fishing mortality than smaller fish. Body length and behavioral traits are often correlated, such that fisheries-induced changes in either behaviour or morphology can also alter other traits as result of direct or indirect selection. Consistent behavioral differences among individuals, known as personality traits, provide the proximate framework by which selection can act; however, empirical evidence regarding how size-selective harvesting alters mean personality traits in exploited stocks is scarce. We examined three experimental lines of zebrafish (Danio rerio) that were exposed to positive, negative or random size-selective harvest over five generations to investigate whether simulated fishing changed the mean personality of the survivors five generations after harvesting was halted. We found that females mean boldness (defined as risk-taking tendency), activity and sociability were significantly altered relative to a randomly harvested line; however, harvest-induced changes in personality were only detected in the negatively size-selected line, in which 75% of the smallest fishes were harvested. By contrast, we did not find evidence for harvest-induced evolution of personality in the positively size-selected line, in which 75% of the largest fishes were harvested. We conclude that size-selective harvesting alters individual fish personality in a social fish.

Considerable interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics of tolperisone HCl

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.5414/cpp45110 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 45 (02) ◽

pp. 110-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J.W. Bae ◽

M.J. Kim ◽

Y.S. Park ◽

C.S. Myung ◽

C.G. Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Considerable Interindividual Variation

Express yourself: bold individuals induce enhanced morphological defences

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2013.2703 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 281 (1776) ◽

pp. 20132703 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Kaj Hulthén ◽

Ben B. Chapman ◽

P. Anders Nilsson ◽

Johan Hollander ◽

Christer Brönmark

Keyword(s):

Crucian Carp ◽

Personality Types ◽

Behavioural Plasticity ◽

Inducible Defences ◽

Morphological Defences ◽

Risky Behaviours ◽

Morphological Defence ◽

Defence Strategies

Organisms display an impressive array of defence strategies in nature. Inducible defences (changes in morphology and/or behaviour within a prey's lifetime) allow prey to decrease vulnerability to predators and avoid unnecessary costs of expression. Many studies report considerable interindividual variation in the degree to which inducible defences are expressed, yet what underlies this variation is poorly understood. Here, we show that individuals differing in a key personality trait also differ in the magnitude of morphological defence expression. Crucian carp showing risky behaviours (bold individuals) expressed a significantly greater morphological defence response when exposed to a natural enemy when compared with shy individuals. Furthermore, we show that fish of different personality types differ in their behavioural plasticity, with shy fish exhibiting greater absolute plasticity than bold fish. Our data suggest that individuals with bold personalities may be able to compensate for their risk-prone behavioural type by expressing enhanced morphological defences.

Increase of Urinary 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Excretion but Not Serum Chromogranin a Following Over-The-Counter 5-Hydroxytryptophan Intake

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1155/2008/472159 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 49-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tisha Joy ◽

Grace Walsh ◽

Sonya Tokmakejian ◽

Stan HM Van Uum

Keyword(s):

Chromogranin A ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Carcinoid Tumour ◽

Community Setting ◽

Considerable Interindividual Variation

Double Blind ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽

Biochemical Detection ◽

BACKGROUND: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) excretion is commonly measured for biochemical detection of carcinoid tumours. A 77-year-old woman was referred for elevated 24 h urine 5-HIAA excretion (510 μmol/day; normal is less than 45 μmol/day) and serum chromogranin A (CgA) (72.1 U/L; normal is less than 18 U/L), both subsequently normalized after discontinuation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). 5-HTP, a precursor of serotonin, is not commonly listed as a substance that increases 5-HIAA levels in urine. The effect of 5-HTP on CgA has not been previously described.OBJECTIVES: To determine whether, and to what extent, oral 5-HTP increases urine 5-HIAA excretion and serum CgA levels in healthy volunteers.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, with a four-day washout period, was performed in a general community setting. Eight healthy subjects aged 22 to 58 years were recruited by advertising. Bedtime ingestion of 5-HTP 100 mg/day was compared with placebo ingestion for 10 days. Twenty-four hour urine excretion of 5-HIAA and serum CgA were the main outcome measures.RESULTS: Median (range) urinary 5-HIAA excretion was 204 μmol/day (22 μmol/day to 459 μmol/day) during 5-HTP intake, compared with 18 μmol/day (12 μmol/day to 36 μmol/day) during placebo intake (P=0.017). 5-HTP did not affect clinical symptoms or serum CgA levels.CONCLUSIONS: Oral 5-HTP increases urinary 5-HIAA excretion with considerable interindividual variation. In a small number of subjects, oral 5-HTP did not affect serum CgA levels. Therefore, increased 5-HIAA levels with normal CgA levels may suggest 5-HTP ingestion. The use of over-the-counter 5-HTP should be excluded as the cause of increased urinary 5-HIAA levels before initiating diagnostic tests to search for a carcinoid tumour. 5-HTP should be added to popular references as a substance that may cause increased 5-HIAA excretion.

Behaviour, morphology and microhabitat use: what drives individual niche variation?

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2019.0266 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 20190266 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Raul Costa-Pereira ◽

Jonathan Pruitt

Keyword(s):

Critical Role ◽

Entire Population ◽

Microhabitat Use ◽

Individual Level ◽

Niche Variation ◽

Key Driver

Generalist populations are often composed of individuals each specialized on only a subset of the resources exploited by the entire population. However, the traits underlying such niche variation remain underexplored. Classically, ecologists have focused on understanding why populations vary in their degree of intraspecific niche variation, with less attention paid to how individual-level traits lead to intraspecific differences in niches. We investigated how differences in behaviour, morphology and microhabitat affect niche variation between and within individuals in two species of spider Anelosimus studiosus and Theridion murarium . Our results convey that behaviour (i.e. individual aggressiveness) was a key driver of intraspecific trophic variation in both species. More aggressive individuals capture more prey, but particularly more Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. These findings suggest that behavioural traits play a critical role in determining individuals' diet and that behaviour can be a powerful force in driving intraspecific niche variation.

Intraspecific Niche Variation Drives Abundance-Occupancy Relationships in Freshwater Fish Communities

The American Naturalist ◽

10.1086/682004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 186 (2) ◽

pp. 272-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Leanne Faulks ◽

Richard Svanbäck ◽

Henrik Ragnarsson-Stabo ◽

Peter Eklöv ◽

Örjan Östman

Keyword(s):

Freshwater Fish ◽

Fish Communities ◽

Niche Variation

Post-dynamic Resistance Exercise Hypotension: Exploring Individual Responses and Predictors

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.787444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael Y. Fecchio ◽

Andreia C. C. Queiroz ◽

Raphael Ritti-Dias ◽

Eduardo Caldas Costa ◽

Cláudia L. M. Forjaz

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Dynamic Resistance ◽

Blood Pressures ◽

Factors Of Influence ◽

The Individual

Background: Post-dynamic resistance exercise hypotension (PREH) has been largely demonstrated. However, little is known regarding the interindividual variation of PREH magnitude and its predictors (i.e. factors of influence).Aims: To assess the interindividual variation of PREH and its predictors related to the characteristics of the individuals and the exercise protocol.Methods: This study retrospectively analysed data from 131 subjects included in seven controlled trials about PREH (including at least one dynamic resistance exercise and one control session) conducted by two research laboratories. The interindividual variation was assessed by the standard deviation of the individual responses (SDIR), and linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the predictors.Results: PREH showed moderate interindividual variation for systolic (SBP, SDIR=4.4mmHg; 0.35 standardised units) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP, SDIR=3.6mmHg; 0.32 standardised units). For systolic PREH, multivariate regression analysis (R2=0.069) revealed higher baseline SBP (B=−0.157, p=0.008) and higher number of sets (B=−3.910, p=0.041) as significant predictors. For diastolic PREH, multivariate regression analysis (R2=0.174) revealed higher baseline DBP (B=−0.191, p=0.001) and higher exercise volume (i.e. number of exercises *sets per exercise *repetitions per sets >150; B=−4.212, p=0.001) as significant predictors.Conclusion: PREH has a considerable interindividual variation. Greater PREH magnitude is observed in individuals with higher baseline blood pressure and after exercise protocols that comprehend higher number of sets and exercise volume.

Banjarese: Self-Concept, Identity and River Culture

Khatulistiwa ◽

10.24260/khatulistiwa.v9i2.1480 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 43-64

Author(s):

Abdurrahman Abdurrahman ◽

Muhammad Abduh

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Strong Influence ◽

Individual Behavior ◽

Self Concept ◽

Self Identity ◽

Philosophy Of Life ◽

The Core ◽

Individual Personality ◽

Cultural Forms

Self-concept is the core of individual personality, which plays a role in determining and directing individual behavior. Self-concept cannot be separated from virtuous values that arise from self-identity. This article discusses the philosophy of life and the cultural values of the Banjar people "baiman, bauntung, batuah" which are used to conceptualize themselves. The values obtained from the strong influence of Islamic teachings on the Banjar people. The dominance of Islam in the Banjar community is undoubtedly, in the process of 'becoming a Banjar', many Dayak ethnic groups are 'becoming Banjars when they convert to Islam. In addition to this article discussing one of the unique cultural forms of Banjar people, the culture of the river, in the form of river transportation, pasar terapung, and rumah lanting, has begun to be neglected.