Influence of niche breadth and position on the historical biogeography of seafaring scincid lizards

Abstract Niche breadth and position can influence diversification among closely related species or populations, yet limited empirical data exist concerning the predictability of the outcomes. We explored the effects of these factors on the evolution of the Emoia atrocostata species group, an insular radiation of lizards in the western Pacific Ocean and Indo-Australasia composed of both endemic and widespread species that differ in niche occupancy. We used molecular data and phylogeographical diffusion models to estimate the timing and patterns of range expansion, and ancestral reconstruction methods to infer shifts in ecology. We show evidence of multidirectional spread from a centre of origin in western Micronesia, and that the phyletic diversity of the group is derived from a putative habitat specialist that survives in the littoral zone. This species is composed of paraphyletic lineages that represent stages or possible endpoints in the continuum toward speciation. Several descendant species have transitioned to either strand or interior forest habitat, but only on remote islands with depauperate terrestrial faunas. Our results suggest that the atrocostata group might be in the early phases of a Wilsonian taxon cycle and that the capacity to tolerate salt stress has promoted dispersal and colonization of remote oceanic islands. Divergence itself, however, is largely driven by geographical isolation rather than shifts in ecology.

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Natural hybridization patterns between widespread Calanthe discolor (Orchidaceae) and insular Calanthe izu-insularis on the oceanic Izu Islands

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/botlinnean/boz025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 190 (4) ◽

pp. 436-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naoyuki Nakahama ◽

Kenji Suetsugu ◽

Azusa Ito ◽

Masayuki Hino ◽

Tomohisa Yukawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Floral Morphology ◽

Oceanic Islands ◽

Natural Hybridization ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Widespread Species ◽

The Poor ◽

Insular Plant ◽

Pollinator Fauna ◽

Honshu Island ◽

Izu Islands

Abstract Natural hybridization often occurs between insular and widespread species, and investigating these hybridization patterns is important in improving our understanding of the evolution of insular plant species. To this end, we studied the floral morphology and genetic structure of the widespread species Calanthe discolor, the insular closely related species C. izu-insularis and their putative natural hybrids on Honshu Island (mainland) and the Izu Islands (oceanic islands), Japan, using microsatellite markers. Natural hybridization probably occurred on all the investigated Izu Islands in Japan, although C. izu-insularis was morphologically and genetically different from C. discolor. Bumblebees and other relatively large bees are not distributed in the Izu Islands and therefore natural hybridization would have occurred via pollination by relatively small solitary bees that are pollinators of both Calanthe spp. We also showed that in the islands more remote from the mainland, the proportions of insular C. izu-insularis increased and the floral morphologies of both species changed. The results suggested that insular C. izu-insularis evolved on the Izu Islands and the widespread C. discolor adapted to the poor pollinator fauna on oceanic islands.

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First record of the Cyrtodactylus brevipalmatus group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Vietnam with description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4969.3.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4969 (3) ◽

pp. 492-510

Author(s):

DZUNG TRUNG LE ◽

SALY SITTHIVONG ◽

TUNG THANH TRAN ◽

L. LEE GRISMER ◽

TRUONG QUANG NGUYEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

First Record ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Species Group ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Hind Limbs ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Dorsal Pattern ◽

A New Species ◽

Dorsal Tubercle

A new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus is described from Dien Bien Province, northwestern Vietnam based on morphological and molecular data. Cyrtodactylus ngati sp. nov. can be distinguished from remaining congeners by the following combination of characters: maximum SVL 69.3 mm; dorsal pattern consisting of six dark irregular transverse bands between limb insertions; inter-supranasals one; dorsal tubercles present on occiput, body, hind limbs and on first half of tail; 17–22 irregular dorsal tubercle rows at midbody; lateral folds clearly defined, with interspersed tubercles; 32–38 ventral scales between ventrolateral folds; 13 precloacal pores separated by a diastema of 5/5 poreless scales from a series of 7/7 femoral pores in enlarged femoral scales; precloacal and femoral pores absent in females; 1–3 postcloacal tubercles on each side; transversely enlarged median subcaudal scales absent. In the molecular analyses, the new species is shown to be the sister taxon to C. interdigitalis from Thailand. This is the 47th species of the genus Cyrtodactylus and the first member of the C. brevipalmatus species group recorded from Vietnam.

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Species delimitation of colour polymorphic Cladophorus (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from New Guinea

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4320 (3) ◽

pp. 505 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ROMANA KALOUSOVA ◽

LADISLAV BOCAK

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Related Species ◽

Species Delimitation ◽

Morphological Differentiation ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Dna Fragment ◽

Colour Patterns

Cladophorus Guérin-Méneville, 1830 are endemic Papuan net-winged beetles which take part in highly diverse Müllerian mimicry rings. Available specimens were sequenced for cox1–tRNA-Leu–cox2 mitochondrial DNA fragment and the species delimitations were based on the genetic distance, phylogenetic analysis, and morphology. Three earlier described species were identified in the recently collected material and further 10 species are described: C. pallescens sp. nov., C. bicolor sp. nov., C. craterensis sp. nov., C. motykai sp. nov., C. mindikensis sp. nov., C. kailakiensis sp. nov., C. manokwarensis sp. nov., C. haiaensis sp. nov., C. humeralis sp. nov., and C. boceki sp. nov. DNA-based identifications provided some ambiguous results and closely related species could not be robustly delimited using solely molecular data. Additionally, the species limits were based on clearly defined morphological characters and the morphological differentiation was found unlinked from the genetic divergence. Colour patterns cannot be used for identification because all species available in more specimens were polymorphic and followed various local co-mimics. The Papuan fauna of Cladophorus is very diverse and the closely related species regularly occur in limited regions. Differentiation within restricted ranges is therefore considered as the main speciation mode.

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Taxonomic reassessment of the freshwater mussel genus Unio (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Russia and Ukraine based on morphological and molecular data

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4286.1.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4286 (1) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

OLGA KLISHKO ◽

MANUEL LOPES-LIMA ◽

ELSA FROUFE ◽

ARTHUR BOGAN ◽

LYUDMILA VASILIEV ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Freshwater Mussel ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Data Set ◽

Widespread Species ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Mtdna Coi ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data

The taxonomy of species within the genus Unio (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Unioninae) in Russia and Ukraine has been contentious due to the lack of correspondence between three concurrent yet divergent classifications. In order to clarify which classification system best reflects the evolutionary relationships among these taxa, we performed detailed morphological analyses on 720 Ukrainian and Russian specimens, complemented with molecular data (COI) from a selected number of specimens. The morphological character data set shows the existence of only three widespread species with slight eco-morphological variations. Statistical analyses of shell morphometric parameters and molecular analyses based on mtDNA COI gene fragment sequences confirm the existence of the same three species within a single genus, Unio, in Russia and Ukraine, that is U. pictorum, U. tumidus and U. crassus. Results from molecular analyses suggest the existence of an additional subgroup within the U. crassus lineage, U. crassus cf. courtilieri that deserves further research. The present integrated approach confirms the validity of the classification by Zhadin (1952) and rejects the complex classifications of Starobogatov et al. (2004) and Bogatov & Kijashko (2016).

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A re-examination of the molecular systematics and phylogeography of taxa of the Peromyscus aztecus species group, with comments on the distribution of P. winkelmanni

Therya ◽

10.12933/therya-21-1115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 331-346

Author(s):

C. William Kilpatrick ◽

Nelish Pradhan ◽

Ryan W Norris

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Molecular Study ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Species Group ◽

Cytb Sequence ◽

Voucher Specimen ◽

Cranial Measurements ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽

Isthmus Of Tehuantepec

The objectives of this study are to examine the available molecular data from the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene (Cytb) and a concatenated dataset with this gene and two nuclear introns (Adh-1-I2 and Fgb-I7) to reexamine the systematic and phylogeographic conclusions reached by Sullivan et al. (1997) concerning the Peromyscus aztecus species group. The divergence of samples of P. aztecus oaxacensis across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec are further examined and taxonomic revisions are suggested. In addition, this study reviews the sources of data that lead to the conclusion that P. winkelmanni occurred in the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero including a morphometric examination of a reported voucher. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses were conducted on a dataset of 31 Cytb sequences of all taxa in the P. aztecus group except for P. a. cordillerae and a concatenated dataset including five individuals of this group. Representative taxa of the P. boylii, P. mexicanus, and P. truei groups were included in both analyses. Body and cranial measurements of the voucher of the P. winkelmanni from Guerrero from which a Cytb sequence is reported to have been obtained was compared with measurements from specimens taken from the vicinity of Dos Aguas, Michoacán, including the type locality. We identified seven instances involving problematic identifications in GenBank. Once these issues were addressed, well-supported monophyletic sister clades of the P. aztecus and P. boylii species groups were recovered from phylogenetic analyses of Cytb sequences (Fig 1). Phylogenetic analyses of the Cytb and the concatenated datasets recover similar topologies that support the relationships of taxa of the aztecus group proposed by an earlier molecular study. Populations of P. a. oaxacensis southeast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec represent a distinct species. Measurements of the voucher from Guerrero identified as the source of a P. winkelmanni Cytb sequence are smaller than P. winkelmanni for several characters. The divergent populations of P. a. oaxacensis from southeast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec are recognized as two subspecies of P. cordillerae, P. c. cordillerae and P. c. hondurensis, whereas those northwest of the Isthmus are retained as P. a. oaxacensis. The lack of genetic divergence observed between P. a. evides and P. a. oaxacensis questions whether these two taxa should continue to be recognized as separate subspecies. Northern and southern populations of P. spicilegus demonstrate moderate divergence and additional examination of morphological and molecular differentiation within this taxon is warranted. The distribution of P. winkelmanni should be restricted to the vicinity of Dos Aguas, Michoacán, due to the lack of a voucher specimen that would confirm its reported occurrence in Guerrero.

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Bombus (Pyrobombus) johanseni Sladen, 1919, a valid North American bumble bee species, with a new synonymy and comparisons to other “red-banded” bumble bee species in North America (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini)

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.984.55816 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 984 ◽

pp. 59-81

Author(s):

Cory S. Sheffield ◽

Ryan Oram ◽

Jennifer M. Heron

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

North American ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Molecular Data ◽

The Arctic ◽

Valid Species ◽

Bumble Bee ◽

Widespread Species ◽

Old World ◽

Northern Canada

The bumble bee (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini, Bombus Latreille) fauna of the Nearctic and Palearctic regions are considered well known, with a few species occurring in both regions (i.e., with a Holarctic distribution), but much of the Arctic, especially in North America, remains undersampled or unsurveyed. Several bumble bee taxa have been described from northern North America, these considered either valid species or placed into synonymy with other taxa. However, some of these synonymies were made under the assumption of variable hair colour only, without detailed examination of other morphological characters (e.g., male genitalia, hidden sterna), and without the aid of molecular data. Recently, Bombus interacti Martinet, Brasero & Rasmont, 2019 was described from Alaska where it is considered endemic; based on both morphological and molecular data, it was considered a taxon distinct from B. lapponicus (Fabricius, 1793). Bombus interacti was also considered distinct from B. gelidus Cresson, 1878, a taxon from Alaska surmised to be a melanistic form of B. lapponicus sylvicola Kirby, 1837, the North American subspecies (Martinet et al. 2019). Unfortunately, Martinet et al. (2019) did not have DNA barcode sequences (COI) for females of B. interacti, but molecular data for a melanistic female specimen matching the DNA barcode sequence of the holotype of B. interacti have been available in the Barcodes of Life Data System (BOLD) since 2011. Since then, additional specimens have been obtained from across northern North America. Also unfortunate was that B. sylvicola var. johanseni Sladen, 1919, another melanistic taxon described from far northern Canada, was not considered. Bombus johanseni is here recognized as a distinct taxon from B. lapponicus sylvicola Kirby, 1837 (sensuMartinet et al. 2019) in the Nearctic region, showing the closest affinity to B. glacialis Friese, 1902 of the Old World. As the holotype male of B. interacti is genetically identical to material identified here as B. johanseni, it is placed into synonymy. Thus, we consider B. johanseni a widespread species occurring across arctic and subarctic North America in which most females are dark, with rarer pale forms (i.e., “interacti”) occurring in and seemingly restricted to Alaska. In addition to B. johanseni showing molecular affinities to B. glacialis of the Old World, both taxa also inhabit similar habitats in the arctic areas of both Nearctic and Palearctic, respectively. It is also likely that many of the specimens identified as B. lapponicus sylvicola from far northern Canada and Alaska might actually be B. johanseni, so that should be considered for future studies of taxonomy, distribution, and conservation assessment of North American bumble bees.

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Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4401.1.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4401 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ROGER A. BURKS ◽

JOHN M. HERATY ◽

CHRYSALYN DOMINGUEZ ◽

JASON L. MOTTERN

Keyword(s):

Biological Control Agent ◽

Sister Group ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Species Group ◽

Control Agent ◽

Wasmannia Auropunctata ◽

Secondary Infections ◽

Tropical America ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

The Tropics

Twenty-nine species are recognized in the Orasema stramineipes species group, including 22 new species in what is now the most diverse species group of the New World ant-parasitoid genus Orasema Cameron. Orasema aenea Gahan syn. n. is synonymized with O. freychei (Gemignani), the holotype of which has been rediscovered. Orasema smithi Howard syn. n. is synonymized with Orasema minutissima Howard. Orasema violacea Gemignani syn. n. and its replacement name Orasema gemignanii De Santis syn. n. are synonymized with O. worcesteri (Girault). Twenty-two species are described as new: O. arimbome Dominguez, Heraty & Burks n. sp., O. carchi Heraty, Burks & Dominguez n. sp., and the following 20 species by Burks, Heraty & Dominguez: O. chunpi n. sp., O. cozamalotl n. sp., O. evansi n. sp., O. hyarimai n. sp., O. kaspi n. sp., O. kulli n. sp., O. llanthu n. sp., O. llika n. sp., O. mati n. sp., O. nyamo n. sp., O. pirca n. sp., O. pisi n. sp., O. qillu n. sp., O. qincha n. sp., O. rikra n. sp., O. taku n. sp., O. tapi n. sp., O. torrensi n. sp., O. woolleyi n. sp., and O. yaax n. sp. The stramineipes-group has much greater diversity in tropical America than outside the tropics, and is much more diverse than its sister-group, the susanae-group, which is mainly present in temperate regions of Argentina. A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships is proposed based on an analysis of 28S-D2 rDNA and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) for 14 stramineipes-group species. Species concepts were established using both morphological and molecular data. Most species in the stramineipes-group have a tropical distribution, with only a few species in temperate regions. Ant hosts for the group include Pheidole Westwood, Wasmannia Forel, and possibly Solenopsis Westwood (Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Orasema minutissima is a common parasitoid of Wasmannia auropunctata Roger in the Caribbean and has the potential to be a biological control agent in other areas of the world. Two distinct size morphs are recognized for O. minutissima, which are correlated with attacking either Wasmannia (small morph) or different castes of Pheidole (medium to large size morphs). Some species of Orasema have been regarded as pests due to scarring or secondary infections of leaves or fruit of banana, yerba mate or blueberry, but outbreaks are rare and the threat is usually temporary.

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Morphological description and DNA barcoding of Chaetocladius (Chaetocladius) elisabethae sp. nov. (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from the Moscow Region

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4403.2.9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4403 (2) ◽

pp. 378 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

EUGENYI A. MAKARCHENKO ◽

MARINA A. MAKARCHENKO ◽

ALEXANDER A. SEMENCHENKO ◽

DMITRY M. PALATOV

Keyword(s):

Dna Barcoding ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Interspecific Variation ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Moscow Region ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Male Pupa

Illustrated descriptions of the adult male, pupa and fourth instar larva, as well as DNA barcoding results of Chaetocladius (Chaetocladius) elisabethae sp. nov. in comparison with closely related species of Chaetocladius s. str. from the Moscow Region are provided. A reference 658 bp barcode sequence from a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was used as a tool for species delimitation. Comparisons with corresponding regions of COI between C. (s. str.) elisabethae sp. nov. and other species of the subgenus produced K2P genetic distances of 0.11–0.16, values well associated with interspecific variation. The barcodes of the new species were identical to the Chaetocladius sp. 2ES in BOLD systems. Molecular data were also used for the reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships within the subgenus Chaetocladius s. str.

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Three new species of narrowly endemic snapping shrimp, genusAlpheus(Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Persian Gulf

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315418000693 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 911-920 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amir Dehghani ◽

Alireza Sari ◽

Reza Naderloo

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Persian Gulf ◽

Species Group ◽

Colour Pattern ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

The Third ◽

Rock Crevice ◽

Three New Species ◽

Snapping Shrimps ◽

The Persian Gulf

AbstractThree new species of snapping shrimps of the genusAlpheusare described from the Persian Gulf. These belong to theAlpheus edwardsiispecies-group, which is mainly characterized by unarmed orbital hoods and the presence of dorsal and ventral notches on the palm of the major chela.Alphus ankerisp. nov. shows a close affinity toA. pacificusDana, 1852 andA. heronicusBanner & Banner, 1982 bearing no balaeniceps crests in both sexes on the dactylus of the minor chela, and the merus of the major chela of both sexes are unarmed. This species differs from the closely related species by the absence of an overhanging proximal shoulder in the major chela. The other rock crevice inhabiting species,A. mohammadpourisp. nov. is diagnosed by exhibiting sexual dimorphism in its balaeniceps crests and the armed merus of the major chela. These two characters are similar to those recorded for three sandy/rubble dwelling species:A. inopinatusHolthuis & Gottlieb, 1958,A. lobidensDe Haan, 1849 andA. australiensisBanner & Banner, 1982. This new species is distinguishable from these latter species by the shape of the minor chela and colour pattern. A coral inhabiting speciesA. abumusasp. nov. appears to be closely related toA. maindroniCoutière, 1898, showing an armed merus of the major chela and the absence of spine-like seta on the ischia of the third legs. This last new species is easily discriminated fromA. maindroniby longer antennular segments, a markedly concave frontal margin between the rostrum and orbital hood, and a different colour pattern.

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A new Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from Argentina, with taxonomic notes and molecular data on the G. tuberculifemur species complex

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1949.1.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1949 (1) ◽

pp. 1-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

SERGUEI V. TRIAPITSYN ◽

GUILLERMO A. LOGARZO ◽

JESSE H. DE LEÓN ◽

EDUARDO G. VIRLA

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Species Complex ◽

Reciprocal Cross ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Species Group ◽

Host Association ◽

Cross Breeding ◽

Association Data ◽

Distinguishing Features ◽

Distinct Taxon

Gonatocerus deleoni Triapitsyn, Logarzo & Virla sp. n., reared from sentinel eggs of Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret) (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Proconiini) on citrus plants, a new member of the ater species group of Gonatocerus Nees (Mymaridae), is described from the state of Mendoza, Argentina. Taxonomic notes and host association data are provided to help differentiate this new species from the morphologically similar but genetically distinct taxon, G. tuberculifemur (Ogloblin). The female of the latter is redescribed and the male is newly described. Gonatocerus deleoni, G. tuberculifemur, and three forms (different molecular clades) comprise the G. tuberculifemur complex. These forms are identified but not formally described because of lack of morphologically distinguishing features. The taxonomic conclusions are supported by molecular data, and by results of reciprocal cross-breeding experiments between most of them.

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