THE MATERNAL PLASMA LEVELS AND PLACENTAL TRANSFER OF BUPIVACAINE FOLLOWING EPIDURAL ANALGESIA

ABSTRACT The placenta is considered to be impermeable or only slightly permeable to insulin. Insulin antibodies are transferred from mother to foetus in man and in guinea pigs. The passage of insulin-131I from mother to foetus was studied in guinea pigs with and without antibodies against insulin. Antibody-bound insulin-131I was recovered in plasma from foetuses of immunized pregnant guinea pigs, at intervals of more than 5 hours after the injection of insulin-131I to the mother. The foetal levels of insulin-131I were rather low, the highest recorded value being 27% of the maternal plasma concentration. This peak was reached 32 hours after the injection. No insulin-131I was found in the foetuses of non-immunized guinea pigs.

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Increased maternal plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) in preeclampsia

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology ◽

10.1016/s0301-2115(96)02647-4 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 53-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Rigmor Austgulen ◽

Egil Lien ◽

Gill Vince ◽

Chris W.G. Redman

Keyword(s):

Adhesion Molecules ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Soluble Adhesion Molecules

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Neonatal welfare and placental transfer of fentanyl and bupivacaine during ambulatory combined spinal epidural analgesia for labour

Anaesthesia ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.154-az0160.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 517-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

R. Fernando ◽

E. Bonello ◽

P. Gill ◽

J. Urquhart ◽

F. Reynolds ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epidural Analgesia ◽

Placental Transfer ◽

Combined Spinal Epidural ◽

Spinal Epidural

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Maternal plasma fetuin-A levels in fetal growth restriction: A case-control study

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine ◽

10.18502/ijrm.v17i7.4860 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mujde Can Ibano ◽

Cem Yasar Sanhal ◽

Seval Ozgu-Erdinc ◽

Aykan Yucel

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Case Control ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Fetuin A ◽

Control Study

Background: Higher Fetuin-A (FA) concentrations were found to be associated with obesity and there is an interest to the relation between maternal FA and pregnancy outcomes. Objective: In this study, our aim was to evaluate the association of maternal plasma levels of FA with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Materials and Methods: 41 pregnant women with FGR and 40 controls were recruited in this case-control study between July and November 2015. At the diagnosis of FGR, venous blood samples (10 cc) were obtained for FA analysis. Results: Maternal plasma FA levels were significantly higher in fetal growth-restricted pregnant women compared with controls (19.3 ± 3.0 ng/ml vs 25.9 ± 6.8 ng/ml, p = 0.001). Area under receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of FA in FGR was 0.815 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.718-0.912, p < 0.001). The maternal FA levels with values more than 22.5 ng/ml had a sensitivity of about 73.17% (95% CI: 56.79- 85.25) and a specificity of about 82.5% (95% CI: 66.64-92.11) with positive and negative predictive values of about 81.08% (95% CI: 64.29-91.45) and 75% (95% CI: 59.35-86.30), respectively. Therefore, the diagnostic accuracy was obtained about 77.78%. Conclusion: The results of this study show higher maternal plasma levels of FA in FGR. Further studies are needed in order to demonstrate the long-term effects of FA in pregnancies complicated with FGR and early prediction of FGR.

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Thyroid and parathyroid-independent increase in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D during late pregnancy in the rat

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1160381 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 381-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T. M. Nguyen ◽

A. Halhali ◽

H. Guillozo ◽

M. Garabedian ◽

S. Balsan

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Placental Transfer ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Vitamin D Metabolites ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽

Fetal Plasma ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT The effect of thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) on the plasma concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites (25-(OH)D, 24,25-(OH)2D and 1,25-(OH)2D) has been studied in pregnant rats and their fetuses during the last quarter of gestation. Maternal and fetal vitamin D metabolites were not significantly affected by TPTX. A significant increase in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations was observed in both TPTX and control mothers and fetuses from days 19 to 21. Fetal and maternal plasma 25-(OH)D were positively correlated in both control and TPTX groups. Such a correlation was also found for 24,25-(OH)2D in the two groups. In contrast, a positive correlation between maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D was found in TPTX but not in control rats. These data suggest that major alterations in calcium metabolism, such as that produced by maternal TPTX, are insufficient to affect the changes in maternal and fetal plasma 1,25-(OH)2D during late pregnancy significantly. They also suggest that parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, and/or calcitonin may control a possible placental transfer of 1,25-(OH)2D in the rat. J. Endocr. (1988) 116, 381–385

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Methyldopa in breast milk and its relation to maternal plasma levels

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.3109/01443618209083110 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 109-111

Author(s):

J. A. Hoskins ◽

Sarah B. Holliday ◽

G. C. Budden ◽

Denise C. Clark

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Maternal Plasma

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Phenoxybenzameve Placental Transfer during the Third Trimester

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809603001108 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 1249-1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Maria L Santeiro ◽

Carine Stromquist ◽

Lance Wyble

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Perinatal Depression ◽

Placental Transfer ◽

Male Infant ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Days Of Therapy ◽

Maternal Hypertension ◽

Placental Passage

OBJECTIVE: To report phenoxybenzamine placental transfer in the treatment of maternal hypertension secondary to pheochromocytoma. CASE SUMMARY: A 22-year-old woman diagnosed with pheochromocytoma was medically managed at 33 weeks gestation with oral phenoxybenzamine and labetalol until delivery 26 days later. To determine phenoxybenzamine placental passage, at the time of cesarean section simultaneous samples were obtained from the cord blood, maternal blood, and amniotic fluid. Additional blood samples were obtained from the newborn at 32 and 80 hours of life. Mean concentrations of phenoxybenzamine from cord and maternal plasma and in amniotic fluid were 103.3,66, and 79.3 ng/mL, respectively; the newborn's plasma concentration at 32 hours of life was 22.3 ng/mL. At the time of delivery, the 2475-g male infant exhibited perinatal depression; mild transient hypotension was also noted for the first few days of life. DISCUSSION: The fetal—maternal plasma accumulation ratio of 1.6:1 indicates that at this gestational age after 26 days of therapy, the placental transfer of phenoxybenzamine occurs and is accompanied by accumulation in the fetal blood. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the placental transfer of phenoxybenzamine, mild perinatal depression and transient hypotension may occur in newborns of mothers receiving this medication. These newborns must be closely monitored during the first few days of life for respiratory depression and hypotension.

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Carnitine in the Perinatal Metabolism of Lipids I. Relationship Between Maternal and Fetal Plasma Levels of Carnitine and Acylcarnitines

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.67.1.95 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 95-100

Author(s):

Milan Novak ◽

Ellen F. Monkus ◽

Dina Chung ◽

Maria Buch

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Free Carnitine ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Limited Capacity ◽

Fetal Plasma ◽

Arterial Plasma

Since premature infants have a limited capacity for fatty acid oxidation, supplementation with carnitine may improve their utilization of fat. Documentation of the source and extent of fetal carnitine reserves should explain the possible need for exogenous carnitine in the neonate. Correlation between free carnitine concentration in maternal and umbilical arterial plasma at birth (r = .45, P < .01) indicates that the initial concentration of free carnitine in the newborn depends on the maternal level. Thin-layer chromatography shows more γ-butyrobetaine in maternal than umbilical arterial plasma indicating higher availability of the precursor of carnitine biosynthesis. Elevated fatty acid oxidation in maternal tissues seems to be reflected by larger amounts of long-chain acylcarnitines in maternal plasma. Shortchain acylcarnitines, mainly acetylcarnitine, are higher in the umbilical vein than in maternal plasma (P < .01) indicating that the conceptus (the placenta or fetus) is either producing more or utilizing less acetylcarnitine. Plasma levels of carnitine rapidly decrease in premature newborns during the first three days after birth if no exogenous carnitine is given (P < .001), while no significant changes of total carnitine were detected in adult patients on total parenteral alimentation for one week. This difference indicates lower carnitine depots or limited capacity for carnitine biosynthesis in neonates. The possibility still requires further investigation that the development of the optimal rate of fatty acid oxidation in human newborns, as well as in other newborn mammals, may depend on the supply of exogenous carnitine.

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