scholarly journals 1249 A 3D Morphable Model of the Apert Mandible

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ramjeeawon ◽  
L van de Lande ◽  
E O'Sullivan ◽  
K Bloch ◽  
R Khonsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Apert's Syndrome ◽  
Morphable Model ◽  
Craniofacial Features ◽  
Angle Class Iii Malocclusion

Abstract Aim Assess the three-dimensional Morphable Model (3DMM) of the Apert mandible, investigate differences between sex and age, and characterise growth by age. Additionally, compare with a healthy mandible 3DMM. Method High-quality CT scans of children with Apert’s Syndrome (without previous mandibular surgery) between November1987-January2020 were sourced from Great Ormond Street (GOSH) and Necker Hospitals. DICOM files were constructed to 3D meshes through isolation of mandibles and artifact removal (MeshMixer, Mimics) and annotation using standardized landmarks (Wrapped). A 3DMM was constructed using an existing pipeline, and experiments performed to compare with the healthy mandible 3DMM, investigating differences between sex and age, and to characterise growth by age. A healthy mandible 3DMM has been created by our team using healthy mandible CT scans sourced from a GOSH database. Results A 3DMM of the unoperated Apert mandible was successfully constructed from 276 Apert CT scans, male=137 (aged0-20), female=139 (aged0-23), and the first components of the morphable model identified. Conclusions Apert’s Syndrome is a rare genetic condition, with characteristic extremity (syndactyly) and craniofacial features (craniosynostosis), however breathing problems, sleep apnoea, relative prognathism and Angle class III malocclusion have been reported. Few studies have analysed the potential role of the Apert mandible. 3DMMs are statistical tools used to represent 3D shapes and have been used to create shape and texture parameters for anatomical areas. The 3DMM of the unoperated Apert mandible has potential applications for further understanding of Apert’s Syndrome, diagnostic purposes and may be used to develop further management of these patients, such as surgical planning.

scholarly journals Virtual Surgical Planning for the Management of Severe Atrophic Mandible Fractures

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Castro-Núñez ◽  
Jared M. Shelton ◽  
Susan Snyder ◽  
JosephVan Sickels
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pathologic Fracture ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Virtual Surgical Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Mandible Fractures

Severely atrophic mandible fractures are frequently a challenge to treat. Virtual surgical planning (VSP) uses three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) scans that can be translated into stereolithographic models to fabricate surgical templates, facilitating intraoperative procedures. The purpose of this article is to describe the reconstruction of two cases of severe atrophic mandible fracture using VSP. Two elderly edentulous/partially dentate patients who presented with fractures of their mandibles and who underwent reconstruction using VSP were included. Both had Class III atrophy at the region of the fracture. While both fractures were complex, the mechanism of injury differed with one being a tractor accident and the other being a pathologic fracture. Both patients presented with critical medical conditions. CT scans were obtained on both. The displaced segments were aligned virtually using mirror images and the midline of the maxilla. Three-dimensional models were fabricated to allow preoperative contouring of 2.5-mm reconstruction plates. Patients were operated under general anesthesia and fractures reduced and stabilized with 2.5-mm reconstruction plates placed at the lateral border of the mandible. Average treatment time for both patients was a little over 2 hours. There was good reduction with both. VSP is a valuable tool to assess and reduce complex fractures with less surgical time and predictable results.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology of patients with Angle Class III malocclusion treated with a Frankel III appliance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinan Liu ◽  
Kai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Angle Class ◽  
Angle Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Fränkel Iii ◽  
Angle Class Iii

Abstract Background Angle Class III malocclusion, characterized by a concave profile, can cause serious harm to children’s physical and mental health. The Frankel III appliance is an effective treatment for Angle Class III malocclusion in mixed denition. We explored three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology, after one year of Frankel III appliance treatment, in children with Angle Class III malocclusion. Methods We included 20 children (9 males), aged 8–10 years, with Angle Class III malocclusion from the Orthodontics Department of our hospital. Each child was treated with a Frankel III appliance for one year. Cone beam computed tomography was performed before and after treatment to evaluate three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology. Results After one year of treatment, in the upper airway, we observed significant increases in the nasopharynx volume and height (P < 0.05); the velopharyngeal volume, height, and average cross-sectional area (P < 0.05); the glossopharynx volume and minimum cross-sectional area (P < 0.05); and the laryngopharynx height (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the total upper airway volume, height, and average cross sectional area increased significantly (P < 0.05). An examination of craniomaxillofacial morphology showed significant increases in some bone tissues (P < 0.05) and dental measurements, and a significant reduction in the inclination of the mandibular central incisor (P < 0.05). Conclusion Children with Angle class III malocclusion treated with a Frankel III appliance showed no upper airway narrowing, even after repositioning the mandible posteriorly. Moreover, treatment promoted forward maxilla development and increased its width, in both the dental arch and alveolar bone, which provided a more harmonious craniofacial morphology.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology of patients with Angle Class III malocclusion treated with a Frankel III appliance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinan Liu ◽  
Kai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Angle Class ◽  
Angle Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Fränkel Iii ◽  
Angle Class Iii

Abstract Background Angle Class III malocclusion, characterized by a concave profile, can cause serious harm to children’s physical and mental health. The Frankel III appliance is an effective treatment for Angle Class III malocclusion in mixed denition. We explored three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology, after one year of Frankel III appliance treatment, in children with Angle Class III malocclusion. Methods We included 20 children (9 males), aged 8-10 years, with Angle Class III malocclusion from the Orthodontics Department of our hospital. Each child was treated with a Frankel III appliance for one year. Cone beam computed tomography was performed before and after treatment to evaluate three-dimensional changes in the upper airway and craniomaxillofacial morphology. Results After one year of treatment, in the upper airway, we observed significant increases in the nasopharynx volume and height (P<0.05); the velopharyngeal volume, height, and average cross-sectional area (P<0.05); the glossopharynx volume and minimum cross-sectional area (P<0.05); and the laryngopharynx height (P<0.05). Accordingly, the total upper airway volume, height, and average cross sectional area increased significantly (P<0.05). An examination of craniomaxillofacial morphology showed significant increases in some bone tissues (P<0.05) and dental measurements, and a significant reduction in the inclination of the mandibular central incisor (P<0.05). Conclusion Children with Angle class III malocclusion treated with a Frankel III appliance showed no upper airway narrowing, even after repositioning the mandible posteriorly. Moreover, treatment promoted forward maxilla development and increased its width, in both the dental arch and alveolar bone, which provided a more harmonious craniofacial morphology.

An Update on Recent Advances in Cubosome: A Novel Drug Delivery System

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar Garg ◽  
Anju Goyal ◽  
Sapna Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Novel Drug

: Cubosomes are highly stable nanostructured liquid crystalline dosage delivery form derived from amphiphilic lipids and polymer-based stabilizers converting it in a form of effective biocompatible carrier for the drug delivery. The delivery form comprised of bicontinuous lipid bilayers arranged in three dimensional honeycombs like structure provided with two internal aqueous channels for incorporation of number of biologically active ingredients. In contrast liposomes they provide large surface area for incorporation of different types of ingredients. Due to the distinct advantages of biocompatibility and thermodynamic stability, cubosomes have remained the first preference as method of choice in the sustained release, controlled release and targeted release dosage forms as new drug delivery system for the better release of the drugs. As lot of advancement in the new form of dosage form has bring the novel avenues in drug delivery mechanisms so it was matter of worth to compile the latest updates on the various aspects of mentioned therapeutic delivery system including its structure, routes of applications along with the potential applications to encapsulate variety drugs to serve health related benefits.

scholarly journals A Novel Pseudomonas geniculata AGE Family Epimerase/Isomerase and Its Application in d-Mannose Synthesis

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1809
Author(s):  
Zhanzhi Liu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Gene Age

d-mannose has exhibited excellent physiological properties in the food, pharmaceutical, and feed industries. Therefore, emerging attention has been applied to enzymatic production of d-mannose due to its advantage over chemical synthesis. The gene age of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase family epimerase/isomerase (AGEase) derived from Pseudomonas geniculata was amplified, and the recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was characterized. The optimal temperature and pH of P. geniculata AGEase were 60 °C and 7.5, respectively. The Km, kcat, and kcat/Km of P. geniculata AGEase for d-mannose were 49.2 ± 8.5 mM, 476.3 ± 4.0 s−1, and 9.7 ± 0.5 s−1·mM−1, respectively. The recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was classified into the YihS enzyme subfamily in the AGE enzyme family by analyzing its substrate specificity and active center of the three-dimensional (3D) structure. Further studies on the kinetics of different substrates showed that the P. geniculata AGEase belongs to the d-mannose isomerase of the YihS enzyme. The P. geniculata AGEase catalyzed the synthesis of d-mannose with d-fructose as a substrate, and the conversion rate was as high as 39.3% with the d-mannose yield of 78.6 g·L−1 under optimal reaction conditions of 200 g·L−1d-fructose and 2.5 U·mL−1P. geniculata AGEase. This novel P. geniculata AGEase has potential applications in the industrial production of d-mannose.

scholarly journals Analysis of Tongue Function from the Orthodontist’s Point of View: Not Only a Matter of Deglutition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2520
Author(s):  
Andrea Deregibus ◽  
Simone Parrini ◽  
Maria Chiara Domini ◽  
Jacopo Colombini ◽  
Tommaso Castroflorio
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Maxillary Hypoplasia ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Posterior Crossbite ◽  
Rest Position ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Angle Class Iii Malocclusion

Many studies report that maxillofacial growth is influenced by genetic and environmental elements and that incorrect breathing, chewing, sucking, and swallowing are promoting factors of malocclusion. This study aims to evaluate the function and the influence of the tongue positions in patients with Angle class III malocclusion, maxillary hypoplasia, and posterior crossbite. One hundred patients, aged between 6 and 12 years old, were enrolled for the study. In the first group, patients with a diagnosis of class III malocclusion, affected by maxillary hypoplasia, skeletal class III, and posterior dental crossbite were recruited. In the control group, not treated patients with no malocclusion, skeletal class I, and without posterior dental crossbite were selected. Regarding atypical deglutition, no statistical differences were reported between the two groups, and 14% of patients reported ankyloglossia. Statistical differences were found in tongue rest position and during the execution of “hold and pull” and “chuck” exercises. Results obtained in this observational study showed that the clinician (orthodontist or general dentist) should analyze the presence/absence of atypical swallowing, the anatomical and functional aspects, and the tongue behavior in the rest position.

scholarly journals Giant Magnetoresistance and Magneto-Thermopower in 3D Interconnected NixFe1−x/Cu Multilayered Nanowire Networks

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Nicolas Marchal ◽  
Tristan da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes ◽  
Flavio Abreu Araujo ◽  
Luc Piraux
Keyword(s):  
Giant Magnetoresistance ◽  
Nanowire Array ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Thermoelectric Effect ◽  
Heat Management ◽  
Thermoelectric Effects ◽  
Nanowire Network ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Nanowire Networks

The versatility of the template-assisted electrodeposition technique to fabricate complex three-dimensional networks made of interconnected nanowires allows one to easily stack ferromagnetic and non-magnetic metallic layers along the nanowire axis. This leads to the fabrication of unique multilayered nanowire network films showing giant magnetoresistance effect in the current-perpendicular-to-plane configuration that can be reliably measured along the macroscopic in-plane direction of the films. Moreover, the system also enables reliable measurements of the analogous magneto-thermoelectric properties of the multilayered nanowire networks. Here, three-dimensional interconnected NixFe1−x/Cu multilayered nanowire networks (with 0.60≤x≤0.97) are fabricated and characterized, leading to large magnetoresistance and magneto-thermopower ratios up to 17% and −25% in Ni80Fe20/Cu, respectively. A strong contrast is observed between the amplitudes of magnetoresistance and magneto-thermoelectric effects depending on the Ni content of the NiFe alloys. In particular, for the highest Ni concentrations, a strong increase in the magneto-thermoelectric effect is observed, more than a factor of 7 larger than the magnetoresistive effect for Ni97Fe3/Cu multilayers. This sharp increase is mainly due to an increase in the spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient from −7 µV/K for the Ni60Fe40/Cu and Ni70Fe30/Cu nanowire arrays to −21 µV/K for the Ni97Fe3/Cu nanowire array. The enhancement of the magneto-thermoelectric effect for multilayered nanowire networks based on dilute Ni alloys is promising for obtaining a flexible magnetic switch for thermoelectric generation for potential applications in heat management or logic devices using thermal energy.

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