EP.WE.351Changes in social behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic and consequences on hospital admissions from acute alcoholic related pancreatitis

Abstract Background Shifts in social behaviours as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic may make people more prone to alcohol use as a coping mechanism. This study aims to investigate whether there was an impact on acute alcohol-related pancreatitis cases given potential changes in alcohol consumption during the first COVID-19 lockdown period in the United Kingdom. It considers the time period since social establishments re-opened in July 2020, to evaluate whether increase alcoholic pancreatitis cases, as a proxy for altered drinking habits, persisted. Methods All codes relating to pancreatitis were used to identify cases between March to September (2016 to 2020). Inclusion criteria: acute alcohol-related pancreatitis only. These cases were screened by a group of independent medical juniors and analysed using Excel. Results A total of 1905 patients with pancreatitis were identified in the initial search, of which 136 were admitted with acute alcoholic pancreatitis. There was an increase in absolute number of new cases in 2020 compared to previous years (27 compared to a mean of 16 in the previous 4 years). When shops and pubs reopened, cases reduced by 37.5%. Conclusion This study highlights the issue of increased admission with acute pancreatitis relating to alcohol in the COVID-19 lock down period. During which, this group of patients are likely socially isolated with a lack of support. This calls for an increase in community support for such patients with emphasis on admission avoidance. This is especially important in an era when there is increased hospital admission due to COVID-19.

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Polymorphisms in alcohol metabolizing genes ADH2 and ADH3 and susceptibility to pancreatitis in alcoholics

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2017.03.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (03) ◽

pp. 5297

Author(s):

Vedangi Aaren* ◽

Godi Sudhakar ◽

Girinadh L.R.S.

Keyword(s):

Frequency Distribution ◽

Ethanol Metabolism ◽

Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽

Cytochrome P450 Enzyme ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

P450 Enzyme ◽

Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽

Acute And Chronic Pancreatitis

In both developed and developing countries, overuse of alcohol is a considered as the major cause of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Prolonged overconsumption of alcohol for 5–10 years typically precedes the initial attack of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. It is observed that only a minority (around 5%) of alcoholics develop pancreatitis. It is now established that the pancreas has the capacity to metabolize ethanol. Previous studies have shown that there are two major pathways of ethanol metabolism, oxidative and non-oxidative. Oxidative ethanol metabolism involves the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde, a reaction that is catalysed by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH) with contributions from cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP2E1) and possibly also catalase. Genetic factors regulating alcohol metabolism could predispose in developing alcoholic pancreatitis (AP). We investigated the association of polymorphisms in ADH enzymes with the alcoholic pancreatitis in North coastal Andhra Pradesh. Patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (AP; n = 100), alcoholic controls (AC; n = 100), and healthy controls (HC; n = 100) were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from the subjects in EDTA coated vials. DNA was extracted and genotyping for ADH2 and ADH3 was done by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism). The products were analysed by gel electrophoresis. The frequency distribution of ADH3*1/*1 genotype was significantly higher in AP group (54%) compared with AC (35%), and HC (42%), and was found to be associated with increased risk of alcoholic pancreatitis. There was no statistically significant difference between the frequency distribution of ADH3*1/*1, ADH3*1/*2, and ADH3*2/*2 genotypes between AC and HC. There was no statistically significant difference between the frequency distribution of ADH2*1/*1, ADH2*1/*2, and ADH2*2/*2 genotypes in AP compared with AC and HC. This study shows that carriers of ADH3*1/*1 individuals consuming alcohol are at higher risk for alcoholic pancreatitis than those with other genotypes such as ADH3*1/*2 and ADH3*2/*2.

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One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Galicia: A Global View of Age-Group Statistics during Three Waves

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5104

Author(s):

Iván Area ◽

Henrique Lorenzo ◽

Pedro J. Marcos ◽

Juan J. Nieto

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Nw Spain ◽

The Past ◽

Global View ◽

Time Period ◽

Key Variables ◽

One Year

In this work we look at the past in order to analyze four key variables after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Galicia (NW Spain): new infected, hospital admissions, intensive care unit admissions and deceased. The analysis is presented by age group, comparing at each stage the percentage of the corresponding group with its representation in the society. The time period analyzed covers 1 March 2020 to 1 April 2021, and includes the influence of the B.1.1.7 lineage of COVID-19 which in April 2021 was behind 90% of new cases in Galicia. It is numerically shown how the pandemic affects the age groups 80+, 70+ and 60+, and therefore we give information about how the vaccination process could be scheduled and hints at why the pandemic had different effects in different territories.

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Longitudinal rates of hospital adverse events that contributed to death in Norway and Sweden from 2013 to 2018

Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management ◽

10.1177/25160435211026125 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 251604352110261

Author(s):

Ellen Tveter Deilkås ◽

Marion Haugen ◽

Madeleine Borgstedt Risberg ◽

Hanne Narbuvold ◽

Øystein Flesland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Acute Care ◽

Medical Records ◽

Hospital Care ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Mutual Learning ◽

Time Period ◽

Relevant Context ◽

Linear Trends

Objectives In this paper, we explore and compare types and longitudinal trends of hospital adverse events in Norway and Sweden in the years 2013–2018 with special reference to AEs that contributed to death. Design Acute care hospitals in both countries performed medical record reviews on randomly selected medical records from all eligible admissions. Analysis: Comparison between Norway and Sweden of linear trends from 2013–2018, and percentage rates of admissions with at least one AE according to types and severities. Setting Norway and Sweden have similar socio-economic and demographic characteristics, which constitutes a relevant context for cooperation, comparison and mutual learning. This setting has promoted the use of GTT to monitor national rates of AEs in hospital care in the two countries. Participants 53 367 medical records in Norway and 88 637 medical records in Sweden were reviewed. Results 13.2% of hospital admissions in Norway and 13.1% in Sweden were associated with an AE of all severities (E-I). 0.23% of hospital admissions in Norway and 0.26% in Sweden were associated with an AE that contributed to death (I). The differences between the two countries were not statistically significant. Conclusions There were no significant differences in overall rates (E-I) of AEs in Norway and Sweden, nor in rates of AEs that contributed to death (I). There was no significant change in AEs or fatal AEs in either country over the six-year time period.

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Healthcare use and costs in the last year of life: a national population data linkage study

BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care ◽

10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002708 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjspcare-2020-002708

Author(s):

Katharina Diernberger ◽

Xhyljeta Luta ◽

Joanna Bowden ◽

Marie Fallon ◽

Joanne Droney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

End Of Life ◽

Secondary Care ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Data Linkage ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Community Support ◽

Population Data ◽

Linkage Study ◽

Healthcare Use ◽

Admission Rates

BackgroundPeople who are nearing the end of life are high users of healthcare. The cost to providers is high and the value of care is uncertain.ObjectivesTo describe the pattern, trajectory and drivers of secondary care use and cost by people in Scotland in their last year of life.MethodsRetrospective whole-population secondary care administrative data linkage study of Scottish decedents of 60 years and over between 2012 and 2017 (N=274 048).ResultsSecondary care use was high in the last year of life with a sharp rise in inpatient admissions in the last 3 months. The mean cost was £10 000. Cause of death was associated with differing patterns of healthcare use: dying of cancer was preceded by the greatest number of hospital admissions and dementia the least. Greater age was associated with lower admission rates and cost. There was higher resource use in the urban areas. No difference was observed by deprivation.ConclusionsHospitalisation near the end of life was least frequent for older people and those living rurally, although length of stay for both groups, when they were admitted, was longer. Research is required to understand if variation in hospitalisation is due to variation in the quantity or quality of end-of-life care available, varying community support, patient preferences or an inevitable consequence of disease-specific needs.

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The role and importance of biochemical markers in diagnosis of alcoholic acute pancreatitis

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1204152t ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (3-4) ◽

pp. 152-157

Author(s):

Snezana Tesic-Rajkovic ◽

Biljana Radovanovic-Dinic ◽

Tatjana Jevtovic-Stoimenov

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Serum Amylase ◽

Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽

Serum Lipase ◽

Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽

Biochemical Analyses

Introduction. Alcoholic acute pancreatitis occurs in 10% of alcoholics, who take more than 80g alcohol daily. Different biochemical markers are used to diagnose acute pancreatitis, and some of them may help in establishing etiology of acute pancreatitis. Material and Methods. This study is a prospective review of 21 patients. All patients were hospitalized at the Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology or at the Department for Surgery of the Clinical Centre of Nis in the period from August 1st 2009 to March 1st 2010 with diagnosis of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. Detailed anamnesis, clinical examination, biochemical analyses and ultrasonography of the upper abdomen were done in all patients. All patients provided data on alcohol abuse. Results. The analysis of the corresponding biochemical parameters revealed a statistically significant correlation between the following values: serum amylase and serum lipase (R=0.964674; p<0.001), cholesterol and triglycerides (R=0.93789; p<0.001), total and direct bilirubin (R=0.857899; p<0.001) and between aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (R=0.824461, p<0.001) in patients with alcoholic acute pancreatitis. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between the values of serum amylase and urinary amylase (R=0.582742, p<0.001). Discussion. The analysis of biochemical markers showed that some of them were significant for beforehand diagnosis of alcoholic acute pancreatitis, which is in accordance with other studies. Conclusion Some biochemical parameters can be potential predictors of alcoholic acute pancreatitis (lipase/amylase ratio >2, greater ratio of aspartate aminotransferase/ alanine aminotransferase, enhanced triglycerides and values of mean corpuscular volume.

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Impact of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine on Rotavirus Hospitalizations among Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age in the Ouest and Artibonite Departments, Haiti, 2013 to 2019

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.21-0414 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anne-Marie Desormeaux ◽

Eleanor Burnett ◽

Gérard Joseph ◽

Mentor Ali Ber Lucien ◽

Negar Aliabadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Binomial ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Absolute Number ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Rotavirus Vaccine ◽

Vaccine Introduction ◽

Rotavirus Vaccination ◽

Before And After ◽

Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽

The Impact

Rotavirus is responsible for 26% of diarrheal deaths in Latin America and the Caribbean. Haiti introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine in April 2014. The objective of this analysis is to describe the impact of the rotavirus vaccine on hospitalizations among Haitian children younger than 5 years old during the first 5 years after introduction. This analysis includes all children with diarrhea who were enrolled as part of a sentinel surveillance system at two hospitals from May 2013 to April 2019. We compare the proportion of rotavirus-positive specimens in each post-vaccine introduction year to the pre-vaccine period. To account for the potential dilution of the proportion of rotavirus-positive specimens from a waning cholera outbreak, we also analyzed annual trends in the absolute number of positive stools, fit a two-component finite-mixture model to the negative specimens, and fit a negative binomial time series model to the pre-vaccine rotavirus-positive specimens to predict the number of rotavirus diarrhea hospital admissions in the absence of rotavirus vaccination. The overall percentage of rotavirus-positive specimens declined by 22% the first year after introduction, increased by 17% the second year, and declined by 33% to 50% the subsequent 3 years. All sensitivity analyses confirmed an overall decline. We observed a clear annual rotavirus seasonality before and after vaccine introduction, with the greatest activity in December through April, and a biennial pattern, with high sharp peaks and flatter longer periods of increased rotavirus activity in alternating years, consistent with suboptimal vaccination coverage. Overall, our study shows evidence that the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine reduced the burden of severe rotavirus diarrhea.

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