Leaf micromorphology in Poaceae subtribe Olyrinae (Bambusoideae) and its systematic implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile Fernandes Lima ◽  
Kelly Regina Batista Leite ◽  
Lynn G Clark ◽  
R Patricia de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Leaf Micromorphology ◽  
Stomatal Complexes ◽  
Herbaceous Bamboos ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract We analysed the leaf epidermal surfaces of 52 species of herbaceous bamboos belonging to all 20 genera of subtribe Olyrinae (Olyreae). We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) to describe their foliar microcharacters and test the taxonomic utility of these characters in the subtribe. Shape and distribution of silica bodies, presence, type and distribution of papillae on the long cells and subsidiary cells and the presence and distribution of prickles and macrohairs were found to be taxonomically informative, whereas microhairs were not useful in this group. The type of papillae on the abaxial surface had a robust taxonomic value mainly at the generic level, whereas the distribution of these microstructures helped to differentiate some species of Arberella, Cryptochloa, Diandrolyra, Olyra, Piresia and Sucrea. We also confirmed that in some species, papillae associated with the stomata are on the long cells and project over the stomatal complexes, whereas in other species they occur on the subsidiary cells.

scholarly journals Notes on leaf micromorphology of the rare herbaceous bamboo Buergersiochloa bambusoides Pilg. (Olyreae, Poaceae) from New Guinea and its taxonomic implications

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Jamile F. Lima ◽  
Kelly Regina B. Leite ◽  
Lynn G. Clark ◽  
Reyjane P. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Leaf Micromorphology ◽  
Stomatal Complexes ◽  
Herbaceous Bamboos ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

We present notes on the leaf micromorphology of Buergersiochloa bambusoides, a rare species from New Guinea and included in Buergersiochloinae, one of three subtribes of the herbaceous bamboos (tribe Olyreae). We used scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to analyze the microcharacters of both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Within the Olyreae, saddle-shaped silica bodies in both the costal and intercostal zones are considered unique to Buergersiochloinae. Simple, circular and very small papillae are observed on the adaxial surface, and for the first time, branched papillae on the abaxial surface are observed in B. bambusoides. On the abaxial surface, there are papillae on long cells associated with the stomatal complexes. Bicellular microhairs are the only trichomes present and they are found almost exclusively on the abaxial surface. The saddle-shaped silica bodies are the most taxonomically important among the microcharacters observed on the leaf surface of B. bambusoides.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

Examination of Schistosome Cercariae and Schistosomules by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
D. Johnson ◽  
P. Moriearty
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Conventional Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Since several species of Schistosoma, or blood fluke, parasitize man, these trematodes have been subjected to extensive study. Light microscopy and conventional electron microscopy have yielded much information about the morphology of the various stages; however, scanning electron microscopy has been little utilized for this purpose. As the figures demonstrate, scanning microscopy is particularly helpful in studying at high resolution characteristics of surface structure, which are important in determining host-parasite relationships.

SEM Observations on the Germination of Euonymous Americanus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
D.R. Hill ◽  
J.R. McCurry ◽  
L.P. Elliott ◽  
G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Germination of Euonymous americanus in the laboratory has previously been unsuccessful. Ability to germinate Euonymous americanus. commonly known as the american strawberry bush, is important in that it represents a valuable food source for the white-tailed deer. Utilizing the knowledge that its seeds spend a period of time in the rumin fluid of deer during their dormant stage, we were successful in initiating germination. After a three month drying period, the seeds were placed in 25 ml of buffered rumin fluid, pH 8 at 40°C for 48 hrs anaerobically. They were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hrs, placed on moistened filter paper and enclosed within an environmental chamber. Approximately four weeks later germination was detected and verified by scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy provided inadequate resolution. An important point to note in this procedure is that scarification, which was thought to be vital for germination, proved to be unnecessary for successful germination to occur. It is believed that germination was propagated by the secretion of enzymes or prescence of acids produced by microorganisms found in the rumin fluid since sterilized rumin failed to bring about germination.

New diagnostic characters of Kolhymorbis angarensis (Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1925) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
E.V. Soldatenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Copulatory Apparatus ◽  
Scanning Electron

The radula morphology and the anatomy of the copulatory apparatus in Kolhymorbis angarensis were examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological methods. Kolhymorbis angarensis was shown to have the stylet and the penial sac with a glandular appendage (flagellum), the characteristics, previously unknown for any species of this genus. The significance of these findings for the taxonomy of the genus is discussed.

A Comparative Study of Trichomes in Angophora Cav. And Eucalyptus L'hérit. - A Question of Homology

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
PY Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Evolutionary Trends ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Ancestral Condition ◽  
Scanning Electron

The trichomes of Angophora and Eucalyptus are illustrated from scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, and evolutionary trends are discussed. Bristle glands of Angophora and Eucalyptus subgen. Blakella and Corymbia are emergent oil glands of varying lengths. Emergent oil glands occur in all other Eucalyptus subgenera but they are most conspicuous in Blakella, Corymbia and Angophora, in which they are characterized by four cap cells each ornamented with micropapillae. Hairs in Angophora are unique, being multicellular; they are also uniseriate and scattered on the epidermis. In contrast, hairs in Eucalyptus are simple extensions, short or long, of the cells on the sides of or the cap cells of the emergent oil glands, and they are not homologous with those of Angophora. Eucalyptus setosa (subgen. Blakella) and E. brockwayi (subgen. Symphyomyrtus) are two exceptions, having unicellular hairs on the epidermis, not associated with oil glands. It is suggested that this is an ancestral condition (or secondary reversal to it).

Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
SHIVANI KASHYAP ◽  
CHANDAN KUMAR SAHU ◽  
ROHIT KUMAR VERMA ◽  
LAL BABU CHAUDHARY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scanning Electron

Due to large size and enormous morphological plasticity, the taxonomy of the genus Astragalus is very complex and challenging. The identification and grouping of species chiefly based on macromorphological characters become sometimes difficult in the genus. In the present study, the micromorphology of the seeds of 30 species belonging to 14 sections of Astragalus from India has been examined applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with light microscopy (LM) to evaluate their role in identification and classification. Attention was paid to colour, shape, size and surface of seeds. The overall size of the seeds ranges from 1.5–3.2 × 0.8–2.2 mm. The shape of the seeds is cordiform, deltoid, mitiform, orbicular, ovoid and reniform. The colour of seeds varies from brown to blackish-brown to black. Papillose, reticulate, ribbed, rugulate and stellate patterns were observed on the seed coat surface (spermoderm) among different species. The study reveals that the seed coat ornamentations have evolved differently among species and do not support the subgeneric and sectional divisions of the genus. However, they add an additional feature to the individual species, which may help in identification in combination with other macro-morphological features.

Developmental comparison of leaf shape variation in three Chamaedorea species

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Nowak ◽  
Adam Nowak ◽  
Usher Posluszny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Palm Leaf ◽  
The Ideal

Compound palm leaf development is unique and consists of two processes. First, the primordial tissue folds through differential growth, forming plications. Second, these plications separate through an abscission-like process, forming leaflets. The second process of leaflet separation allows for the development of compound leaves. The question that this study addresses concerns the development of bifid leaves, as they do not form leaflets but only develop a cleft through an apical incision. The ideal genus to use for this study is Chamaedorea as it includes species with both pinnate and bifid leaves. Chamaedorea fragrans (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart. and Chamaedorea stolonifera H. Wendl. ex Hook. f. were chosen as the species with adult bifid leaves. Although Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret is a pinnate-leaved palm, its juvenile leaves are bifid. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to study the development of bifid leaves. Our results indicate that neither of these bifid palms develop separation sites within the lamina, but rather the apical cleft develops through “late leaflet separation” or by an abscission-like process. In contrast, C. seifrizii juvenile leaves exhibit “early leaflet separation” when developing the apical cleft.

scholarly journals Petal and Sepal Epidermal Micromorphology of Six Lathyrus Taxa (Fabaceae) and their Systematic Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin CILDIR ◽  
Ahmet KAHRAMAN ◽  
Musa DOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the epidermal types and their distribution on dorsal and lateral petals, the trichome types and their density on sepals of Lathyrus chloranthus, L. digitatus, L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, L. roseus subsp. roseus, L. sativus, and L. tuberosus, belonging to sections Lathyrus, Lathyrostylis, Pratensis, and Orobon of the genus Lathyrus in Turkey were investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the systematic significance of these characters was evaluated. These taxa, except L. sativus, are studied for the first time under aspects of the petal and sepal micromorphology. Three major epidermal types were recognized on the petal: tabular rugose striate cells (TRS), areolate cells with more or less striations (AS), and papillose conical striate cells (PCS). TRS and AS were further subdivided into three subtypes. TRS was found on the dorsal and lateral petals of L. chloranthus, L. sativus, and L. tuberosus: the dorsal petals of L. roseus subsp. roseus and the lateral petals of L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, while AS was present on the dorsal and lateral petals of L. digitatus and the lateral petals of L. roseus subsp. roseus. PCS was found only on the dorsal petals of L. digitatus. Three main types of trichomes on the sepal were observed: peltate glandular, capitate glandular, and nonglandular trichomes. The capitate glandular and nonglandular trichomes were further subdivided into three subtypes. The peltate glandular trichomes were present only in L. chloranthus, but absent in the others. The capitate glandular trichomes were found in L. chloranthus, L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, L. roseus subsp. roseus, and L. tuberosus. The nonglandular trichomes were always present in L. chloranthus and L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus. The present results show that the petal and sepal micromorphology can be used in delimitation of the taxa based on petal and sepal micromorphology.

scholarly journals Anatomía de la semilla de Tigridia pavonia (Iridaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Aída Carrillo-Ocampo ◽  
E.M. Engleman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Scanning Electron

With methods of light microscopy, histochemical staining and scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the ovule in the seed of Tigridia pavonia (Iridaceae) is anatropous, bitegmic, and crassinucellate. During development, the exotegmen is crushed and the endotegmen persists with tannins in the lumens and in the walls, which also react positively for lignin. The exotesta contains tannins and its outer walls are convex, thickened, and cuticularized. The mesotesta has multiple layers, accumulates abundant lipids, and forms a bulge in the chalaza. The cell walls of the endotesta collapse and accumulate tannins. In the chalaza, a hypostasal cushion contains tannins in the lumens and in the walls, which also react positively for lignin. At the micropylar end of the seed there is an operculum which consists of: a) a slightly crushed exotegmen, b) an endotegmen with cuticular thickenings that are concentric with respect to the micropyle, c) hemispherical deposists of cutin on the anticlinal walls of the endotegmen, and c) a thin layer of endosperm that covers the radicle. During its cellular stage of development, the endosperm has conspicuous transfer walls at the chalazal end next to the nucella. The embryo is small and has a conical cotyledon.

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