scholarly journals Notes on leaf micromorphology of the rare herbaceous bamboo Buergersiochloa bambusoides Pilg. (Olyreae, Poaceae) from New Guinea and its taxonomic implications

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Jamile F. Lima ◽  
Kelly Regina B. Leite ◽  
Lynn G. Clark ◽  
Reyjane P. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Leaf Micromorphology ◽  
Stomatal Complexes ◽  
Herbaceous Bamboos ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

We present notes on the leaf micromorphology of Buergersiochloa bambusoides, a rare species from New Guinea and included in Buergersiochloinae, one of three subtribes of the herbaceous bamboos (tribe Olyreae). We used scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to analyze the microcharacters of both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Within the Olyreae, saddle-shaped silica bodies in both the costal and intercostal zones are considered unique to Buergersiochloinae. Simple, circular and very small papillae are observed on the adaxial surface, and for the first time, branched papillae on the abaxial surface are observed in B. bambusoides. On the abaxial surface, there are papillae on long cells associated with the stomatal complexes. Bicellular microhairs are the only trichomes present and they are found almost exclusively on the abaxial surface. The saddle-shaped silica bodies are the most taxonomically important among the microcharacters observed on the leaf surface of B. bambusoides.

Leaf micromorphology in Poaceae subtribe Olyrinae (Bambusoideae) and its systematic implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile Fernandes Lima ◽  
Kelly Regina Batista Leite ◽  
Lynn G Clark ◽  
R Patricia de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Leaf Micromorphology ◽  
Stomatal Complexes ◽  
Herbaceous Bamboos ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract We analysed the leaf epidermal surfaces of 52 species of herbaceous bamboos belonging to all 20 genera of subtribe Olyrinae (Olyreae). We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) to describe their foliar microcharacters and test the taxonomic utility of these characters in the subtribe. Shape and distribution of silica bodies, presence, type and distribution of papillae on the long cells and subsidiary cells and the presence and distribution of prickles and macrohairs were found to be taxonomically informative, whereas microhairs were not useful in this group. The type of papillae on the abaxial surface had a robust taxonomic value mainly at the generic level, whereas the distribution of these microstructures helped to differentiate some species of Arberella, Cryptochloa, Diandrolyra, Olyra, Piresia and Sucrea. We also confirmed that in some species, papillae associated with the stomata are on the long cells and project over the stomatal complexes, whereas in other species they occur on the subsidiary cells.

scholarly journals ROSE LEAF SURFACE - BLACKSPOT DISEASE RESISTANCE: A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE VIEW

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1093f-1093
Author(s):  
K.S. Reddy ◽  
S.E. Newman ◽  
J.A. Spencer ◽  
R.N. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Diplocarpon Rosae ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Visual Concepts ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Blackspot disease, caused by Diplocarpon rosae, is a devastating disease of garden roses. Most hybrid teas and floribundas are susceptible to this disease in contrast to many species roses, which are resistant. The basis of this resistance is not known. The first barrier to invasion by the pathogen is the outer surface of the leaf. The physical nature of this surface may influence the attempted infection, landing, germination and penetration by the fungal spore and may cause a failure of infection. The leaf surfaces of susceptible and resistant genotypes were observed using SEM that allowed examination of the fine structure of the leaf surface. The characteristics of the leaf surface topography including wax structures were pictorially compared and visual concepts developed in relation to the dynamic nature of the leaf surface in space and time as leaf is infected by the pathogen.

Contribution to the Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of the Cerrado: a transfer to Lessingianthus, in a new rank and with a new name

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Guilherme Medeiros Antar ◽  
BENOÎT LOEUILLE
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
New Name ◽  
The North ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
First Time

Vernonia monocephala subsp. irwinii is a member of the genus Lessingianthus and is hereby transferred to that genus with a new status and a new name, L. semirii. It differs from L. monocephalus by its subsessile to petiolate (vs. sessile) leaves, largely attenuate (vs. rounded to attenuate) leaf bases, adaxial leaf surfaces drying black (vs. greenish), tomentose to velutinous (vs. villous) abaxial leaf surface and stem indument, and number of florets per head (up to 120 vs. up to 210). Both species are native to provinces of the Cerrado Domain, but they do not occur sympatrically: L. semirii is restricted to the North-eastern floristic province (Bahia, Maranhão, Tocantins and Pará states) and northern portion of the Central-western floristic province (Mato Grosso state), whereas L. monocephalus occurs in Distrito Federal and Goiás states in the Central-western, Central and South-eastern floristic provinces. Lessingianthus semirii is hereby described and illustrated for the first time; a distribution map is provided and affinities of this species are discussed.

scholarly journals Glands on the foliar surfaces of tribe Cercideae (Caesapiniodeae, Leguminosae): distribution and taxonomic significance

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAQUIM M. DUARTE-ALMEIDA ◽  
MILENE S. CLEMENTE ◽  
ROSANI C.O. ARRUDA ◽  
ANGELA M.S.F. VAZ ◽  
ANTONIO SALATINO
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Scanning Electron

Large elongated glands occur on Cercideae leaf surfaces. Leaves of Bauhinia (55 taxa, 53 species), Cercis (1 species), Phanera (1 species), Piliostigma (2 species), Schnella (19 species) and Tylosema (1 species) were observed to determine location and relative number of glands. They were only observed on the abaxial leaf surface of 42 Bauhinia taxa. The glands were analyzed by light stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. They are large (up to 270 µm long and 115 µm wide) and multicellular, containing lipophilic substances, probably volatile oils. Presence or absence and density of the glands in species of Bauhinia may be useful to determine species delimitation or distinction among infraspecific taxa. Higher density of glands is more common in species from "cerrado" (a savanna ecosystem) and "caatinga" (a semiarid ecosystem from northeast Brazil) areas. Bauhinia species devoid of foliar glands are frequently from humid forests.

scholarly journals Leaf hydraulic conductance is linked to leaf symmetry in bifacial, amphistomatic leaves of sunflower

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 2808-2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freya Richardson ◽  
Gregory J Jordan ◽  
Timothy J Brodribb
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Leaf Hydraulics ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The hydraulic implications of stomatal positioning across leaf surfaces and the impact on internal water flow through amphistomatic leaves are not currently well understood. Amphistomaty potentially provides hydraulic efficiencies if the majority of hydraulic resistance in the leaf exists outside the xylem in the mesophyll. Such a scenario would mean that the same xylem network could equally supply a hypostomatic or amphistomatic leaf. Here we examine leaves of Helianthus annuus to determine whether amphistomaty in this species is associated with higher hydraulic efficiency compared with hypostomatic leaves. We identified asymmetry in the positioning of minor veins which were significantly closer to the abaxial than the adaxial leaf surface, combined with lower Kleaf when transpiration was driven through the adaxial rather than the abaxial surface. We also identified a degree of coordination in stomatal behaviour driven by leaf hydraulics, where the hydraulic conditions experienced by an individual leaf surface affected the stomatal behaviour on the opposite surface. We found no advantage to amphistomaty based on efficiencies in construction costs of the venous system, represented by vein density:stomatal density, only limited hydraulic independence between leaf surfaces. These results suggest that amphistomaty does not substantially increase whole-leaf hydraulic efficiency.

scholarly journals ДЕЯКІ МІКРОМОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ATOCION LITHUANICUM (ZAPAŁ.) TZVEL. ТА A. ARMERIA (L.) RAF. ФЛОРИ УКРАЇНИ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Martynyuk ◽  
N. I. Karpenko ◽  
O. M. Tsarenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p><em>Atocion lithuanicum</em> (Zapał.) Tzvel. (basionym <em>Silene</em><em> </em><em>lithuanica</em> Zapał.) is an endemic species of the Polesie, related and morphologically similar to <em>A. armeria </em>(L.) Raf.<em>, </em>which naturally occurs in Central and Southern Europe, but is widely cultivated. In Ukraine <em>A. lithuanicum</em> is considered as separate species and included in different issues of nature conservation, but in Europe it is listed as synonym or variety of <em>A. armeria</em>. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to examine micromorphological features of these taxa to distinguish them. Pollen grains, seeds and leaf surfaces of both <em>Atocion</em><em> </em><em>lithuanicum</em> and <em>A. armeria</em> (L.) Raf. were investigated by scanning electron microscopy.</p> <p>Palynological distinctions between these taxa are associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains, such as margin of a pollen (smooth or undulate), diameter of pores (3,04-5,22 (3,96±0,57) or 2,62-4,15 (3,47±0,32) µm), microechinate number on the pore (11-20 (25) or 7-14), exine ornamentation (acute, broadly conical spinule or obtuse spinule) and perforation diameter (0,1 or 0,2-0,3 µm).</p> <p>Seed characteristics such as dimensions (350-570 х 450-630 (468,78±49,2 х 544,84±51,39) in <em>A. lithuanicum</em> or 480-670 х 600-800 (595,67±48,04 х 706,67± 50,26) µm in <em>A. armeria</em>), shape (reniform-circular or reniform-triangular and reniform-circular), dimensions of exotesta cells in distal row (69-160 х 13-28,6 (116,52±21,9 х 20,72±3,99) or 95,6-202,7 х 7,8-40,5 (143,31±27,3 х 28,76±5,05) µm), the number of anticlinal wall teeth (15-24 or 19-29), papilla presence on periclinal wall of lateral and dorsal surfaces (common absent or scarce weakly expressed in <em>A. lithuanicum</em> or usually strongly expressed in <em>A. armeria</em>) also differ these taxa.</p> <p>Epicuticular wax projections are of different size and shape even on the same lamina, so no significant differences in the leaf surface microcharacteristics were observed.</p> <p>Thereby, new micromorphological distinctions associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains and the seeds were demonstrated, which allows to distinguish these taxa.</p> <p><em>Key words: </em><em>Atocion</em><em> </em><em>lithuanicum</em><em>, </em><em>A. armeria, </em><em>S</em><em>ЕМ, </em><em>pollen, seed, lamina</em></p>

Low-temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy and Physical-Chemical investigations of leaf surface characteristics

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Guggenheim ◽  
E. Zuberbühler ◽  
M. Düggelin ◽  
J. Harr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Temperature Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

Plant protection agents (often incorrectly referred to as ‘pesticides’) mostly are targeted at plant surfaces either to protect them against pathogens and parasites or to destroy the treated plants in the case of herbicides. Many times, more than one species of plants are involved, that respond differently to such applications.In any of the cases cited, a thorough knowledge of the leaf surface characteristics may help to explain desired or undesirable effects. Also the wetting properties of a spray applied to plants will likely influence the performance of the active ingredient involved. It is obvious that only the use of a whole array of different methods will allow an interpretation or a prediction of effects caused by the application of plant protection sprays.To get well preserved epicuticular wax structures of leaf surfaces we used low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). Fresh cut samples were immediatly frozen in liquid nitrogen, transferred into a Balzers SCU 020 cryopreparation unit attached to an SEM Cambridge Mk II A.

Herbicide Dispersal Patterns: I. As a Function of Leaf Surface

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Hess ◽  
D. E. Bayer ◽  
R. H. Falk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Detection Mode ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
High Application

The distribution pattern of MCPA ([(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid) on leaf surfaces of three species was studied using the cathodoluminescence detection mode of a scanning electron microscope. On low-wax-content sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.) leaves MCPA concentrated in the depressions over the anticlinal cell walls when applied at high volumes (748 and 374 L/ha). At low volumes (23 L/ha), numerous small deposits of MCPA were randomly distributed over both anticlinal and periclinal walls. These distinct patterns were independent of herbicide concentration. Regardless of spray volumes, MCPA remaining on the waxy leaf surfaces of cabbage (Brassica oleraceaL.) coalesced into small thick deposits. Large spray drops from high application volumes shattered on impact with the stellate hairs of turkey mullein (Eremocarpus setigerusBenth.) resulting in some MCPA reaching the leaf surface. Spray drops from low application volumes did not shatter but lodged on the hairs with very little reaching the leaf surface.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Implications of Leaf Micromorphology Using Microscopic Analysis: A Tool for Identification and Authentication of Korean Piperales

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Song ◽  
Sungyu Yang ◽  
Goya Choi
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Leaf Micromorphology ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Multicellular Trichome ◽  
Taxonomic System

A comparative study of the leaf micromorphology of Korean Piperales, including medicinal materials, was performed through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, to evaluate their taxonomic significance. Piperales possessed both amphistomatic and hypostomatic leaves. The epidermal area ranged from 38 to 5077 μm2, and the stomatal area ranged from 201 to 2129 μm2. The stomatal index on the abaxial surface was higher than that on the abaxial surface. Anomocytic stomata occurred most commonly, but actinocytic, anisocytic, tetracytic, and staurocytic stomata were also found in certain taxa. Secretory idioblasts were found on all taxa studied except Aristolochia. Three main types of trichomes were defined—(1) glandular trichome; (2) simple multicellular trichome; and (3) two-armed multicellular Y-shaped trichome. Although the quantitative data on its own had somewhat limited taxonomic value, the various qualitative characteristics (e.g., epidermal surfaces, stomata types and positions, trichome types and density, and secretory idioblast types) had great taxonomic value. These characteristics might be taxonomically relevant and useful for developing an identification key. Additionally, we evaluated and supported the previous taxonomic system of Korean Asarum, using leaf micromorphological characteristics. Finally, through the application for authentication of herbal medicine, we revealed that leaf micromorphological characteristics can be used for accurate authentication.

scholarly journals The type material of the Miocene to Recent species <i>Globigerinoides sacculifer</i> (Brady) revisited

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Williams ◽  
Daniela N. Schmidt ◽  
Ian P. Wilkinson ◽  
C. Giles Miller ◽  
Paul D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifer ◽  
Recent Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract. The detailed test morphology of the type suite of specimens for the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) is illustrated for the first time since the species was identified in 1877. Fossil representatives of this species are a key index for oceanographic reconstruction of the Neogene and Quaternary tropics. The types of G. sacculifer, sourced from a loose ‘chalk’ block on a beach in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, all bear a sac-like terminal chamber and are heavily calcified. They have undergone gametogenesis. Scanning electron microscopy identifies calcite fabrics of the test that were formed post-ontogenetically.

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