Vitamin D Status in Infancy and Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescence

Abstract Objectives Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with obesity-related conditions, but the role of early life vitamin D status is not clear. We assessed whether serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] at age 1 y was related to metabolic health through adolescence. Methods We quantified serum 25(OH)D in samples obtained at age 1 y from 307 participants in a cohort study in Santiago, Chile. Anthropometry was performed at ages 5, 10, and 16 y. At the 16 y assessment we determined body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantified metabolic parameters in a blood sample. Using linear regression, we examined the associations of infancy 25(OH)D with body mass index-for-age Z (BMIZ) at ages 5, 10, and 16 y; with % fat and % lean body mass at age 16 y; and with a metabolic syndrome (MetS) score at age 16 y. The MetS score was calculated from sex- and age-standardized values of waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein concentrations. Results were adjusted for sex, maternal education, breastfeeding, socioeconomic status, and BMIZ at age 1 y. Results Mean ± SD 25(OH)D concentration was 80.6 ± 33.0 nmol/L. The prevalence of 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L was 11.1%. 25(OH)D was inversely, significantly associated with BMIZ at age 5 y; every 25 nmol/L 25(OH)D was related to an adjusted 0.11 units (95% CI: 0.02, 0.20; P = 0.01) lower BMIZ. At age 16 y, every 25 nmol/L 25(OH)D was associated with a mean 1.3 points (95% CI: 0.4, 2.2; P = 0.005) lower % body fat, and a mean 1.4 points (95% CI: 0.4, 2.3; P = 0.005) higher % lean body mass. Also, every 25 nmol/L 25(OH)D in infancy was related to an adjusted 0.03 units (95% CI: 0.01, 0.05; P = 0.01) lower MetS score at age 16 y, through inverse associations with WC (−0.02 units per 25 nmol/L; 95% CI: −0.03, −0.00; P = 0.02) and HOMA-IR (−0.06 units per 25 nmol/L; 95% CI: −0.12, −0.00; P = 0.05). Conclusions Serum 25(OH)D at age 1 y is inversely associated with childhood BMIZ, % body fat at age 16 y, and a MetS score at age 16 y. Intervention studies are warranted to examine the effect of early-life vitamin D supplementation on later cardiometabolic outcomes. Funding Sources This study was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the University of Michigan.

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Vitamin D status in infancy and cardiometabolic health in adolescence

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa273 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (1) ◽

pp. 104-112

Author(s):

Joshua Garfein ◽

Kerry S Flannagan ◽

Sheila Gahagan ◽

Raquel Burrows ◽

Betsy Lozoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Fat ◽

Early Life ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with obesity-related conditions, but the role of early life vitamin D status on the development of obesity is poorly understood. Objectives We assessed whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] at age 1 y was related to metabolic health through adolescence. Methods We quantified serum 25(OH)D in samples obtained at age 1 y from 306 participants in a cohort study in Santiago, Chile. Anthropometry was performed at ages 5, 10, and 16/17 y. At 16/17 y, we determined body composition using DXA and quantified metabolic parameters in a blood sample. We examined the associations of infancy 25(OH)D with BMI-for-age z-score (BMIZ) at ages 5, 10, and 16/17 y; with percentage fat and percentage lean body mass at age 16/17 y; and with a metabolic syndrome (MetS) score and its components at age 16/17 y. Results Infancy 25(OH)D was inversely associated with BMIZ in childhood. Every 25-nmol/L difference in 25(OH)D was related to an adjusted 0.11 units lower BMIZ at age 5 y (95% CI: −0.20, −0.03; P = 0.01) and a 0.09 unit lower BMIZ change from ages 1 to 5 y (95% CI: −0.17, −0.01; P = 0.02). Also, every 25-nmol/L 25(OH)D in infancy was associated with an adjusted 1.3 points lower percentage body fat mass (95% CI: −2.2, −0.4; P = 0.005) and an adjusted 0.03 units lower MetS score (95% CI: −0.05, −0.01; P = 0.01) at age 16/17 y, through inverse associations with waist circumference and the HOMA-IR. Conclusions Serum 25(OH)D at age 1 y is inversely associated with childhood BMIZ, percentage body fat at age 16/17 y, and a MetS score at age 16/17 y. Intervention studies are warranted to examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation in early life on long-term cardiometabolic outcomes.

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Interrelationships Among Vitamin D Status and Body Composition in Mother-Infant Dyads

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1061-1061

Author(s):

Maryam Razaghi ◽

Catherine Vanstone ◽

Olusola Sotunde ◽

Nathalie Gharibeh ◽

Shu Qin Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Whole Body ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Group 2 ◽

Maternal Vitamin D Status ◽

Group 1

Abstract Objectives To explore the associations between postpartum maternal vitamin D status and body composition to neonatal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and body composition. Methods Healthy mothers and term-born infants of appropriate size for gestational age were recruited from Greater Montreal (March 2016 through March 2019). The present analysis includes data from mothers and infants (n = 144). Maternal characteristics and lifestyle factors were surveyed and newborn capillary blood samples were taken within 36 h of delivery to assess vitamin D status using total serum 25(OH)D (Liaison, Diasorin). Maternal and infant anthropometry and body composition (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and maternal serum 25(OH)D were measured within 1 mo postpartum. Mothers were classified into 2 groups (group 1: ≥50 nmol/L; group 2: <50 nmol/L). Data were analyzed descriptively (mean ± SD or n (%)) and using a mixed model with Tukey post hoc tests accounting for neonatal sex, gestational age, season, family income, maternal age, education, and race. Correlation tests were used to identify linear relationships between continuous variables. Results Neonates (85 males, 59 females) were 39.7 ± 1.0 wk GA and 3393 ± 363 g at birth. Mothers (32.1 ± 4.5 years) in group 1 had considerably higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared to mothers in group 2 (80.3 ± 22.0 n = 96 vs. 38.7 ± 9.0 n = 48, nmol/L, P < 0.0001). Moreover, maternal serum 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with their % whole body lean mass (r = 0.28, P = 0.0009) and inversely associated with their % whole body fat mass (r = −0.25, P = 0.003). At birth, infants of mothers in group 1 had higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations compared to infants in group 2 (51.0 ± 18.1 vs. 27.0 ± 12.0 nmol/L, P < 0.0001), and were correlated with maternal 25(OH)D (r = 0.74, P < 0.0001). Maternal lean body mass and lean mass index (LMI) (kg/m2) explained some positive variations in infant lean body mass and LMI (Estimate = 0.01, P = 0.004; Estimate = 27.7, P = 0.04). Conclusions Higher maternal vitamin D status is associated with higher neonatal vitamin D with possible implications to neonatal lean body mass. This study reinforces the importance of ensuring adequate maternal-fetal transfer of vitamin D. Funding Sources Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

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Vitamin D Status, Gender Differences, and Cardiometabolic Health Disparities

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000458765 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 79-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dharambir K. Sanghera ◽

Bishwa R. Sapkota ◽

Christopher E. Aston ◽

Piers R. Blackett

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Relationship

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is an unrecognized epidemic found in India and also worldwide. Despite the high prevalence of diabetes among Indians, there is a paucity of data showing the relationship between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic disparities. In this study, we have examined the relationship between vitamin D and cardiometabolic traits in a population from India. Methods: Circulating 25(OH)D levels were measured in 3,879 participants from the Asian Indian Diabetic Heart Study using ELISA kits. Results: Vitamin D levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) in both men and women with obesity. However, compared to women, serum vitamin D was consistently lower in men (p < 0.02), irrespective of the presence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Multivariate regression revealed strong interaction of vitamin D with body mass index that resulted in increased fasting glucose (p = 0.001) and reduced homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B; p = 0.01) in normoglycemic individuals. However, in gender-stratified analysis, this association was restricted to men for both fasting glucose (p = 2.4 × 10-4) and HOMA-B (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may significantly enhance the risk of cardiometabolic disease among Asian Indians. Future randomized trials and genetic studies are expected to clarify the underlying mechanisms for gender differences in vitamin D deficiency, and whether vitamin D-driven improvement in testosterone may contribute to beneficial cardiometabolic outcomes in men.

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Relationship between body fat, lean body mass and disease severity in AECOPD patients

International Journal of Clinical Practice ◽

10.1111/ijcp.14384 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yiben Huang ◽

Jiedong Ma ◽

Xueting Hu ◽

Jianing Wang ◽

Xiaqi Miao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat

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Comparison of the Effect of Soy protein and Whey protein on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521001550 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

Masoome Piri Damaghi ◽

Atieh Mirzababaei ◽

Sajjad Moradi ◽

Elnaz Daneshzad ◽

Atefeh Tavakoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Soy Protein ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage

Abstract Background: Essential amino acids (EAAs) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soy and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published Randomized Clinical Trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soy protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all Randomized Clinical Trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: After excluding non-relevant articles, 10 studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation weighted mean difference (WMD: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.67. P= 0.019). Subgroup analysis, for whey protein, indicated that there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals concomitant to exercise (WMD: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.47, 2.00; P= 0.001). There was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who received 12 or less weeks of whey protein (WMD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.63; P<0.0001). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soy protein supplementation and lean body mass, body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. Subgroup analysis for soy protein indicated there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who supplemented for 12 or less weeks with soy protein (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.89; P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass, and body fat percentage.

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Association of race, body fat and season with vitamin D status among young women: a cross-sectional study

Clinical Endocrinology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03233.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 535-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Kevin McKinney ◽

Carmen Radecki Breitkopf ◽

Abbey B. Berenson

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Fat ◽

Young Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Biathlon Performance: Heart Rate, Hit Rate, Speed and Physiological Variables

10.53350/pjmhs2115103245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 3245-3249

Author(s):

Gökhan Atasever ◽

Fatih Kiyici ◽

Deniz Bedir ◽

Fatih Ağduman

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Maximum Speed ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Cross Country Skiing ◽

Cross Country ◽

Short Time

Aim: Biathlon is a sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. The athlete is fast in the cross-country skiing section, in the gun shooting section, the heart rate should be low. This study aims to determine the hitting rate of the shots made with different training loads on low altitude in elite biathletes in terms of maximum speed and physiological variables. Methods: To evaluate shooting performances first with the resting pulse and then after 2.5 km skiing respectively with 50%, 70% and 100% pulse rate which is separately calculated for each athlete according to karvonen formula. Results: Our findings show that while there was negative relation between maximum speed and body fat there was a positive relation with lean body mass. It has been determined that low body fat percentage and high lean body mass are effective at the athletes’ maximum speed and the pulse level with the highest target shooting accuracy rate was at rest and 70% in the second level. Conclusion: Since the pulse of the athlete who comes to the shooting area cannot be reduced to a resting level in a short time, focusing the 70% pulse zone may be beneficial in terms of shooting accuracy and acceleration after the shot. The lowest results in target shooting accuracy were seen at 50% and 100% loads. Keywords: Athletes, performance, heart, rate, lean body mass.

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