scholarly journals Bridging the Knowledge Gap in Bangladesh for Effective Locally Driven Conditional Cash Transfer in Multisectoral Nutrition Programming

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
Enam Hasib ◽  
Taufique Joarder ◽  
Kharisma Nugroho ◽  
Kelly Perry ◽  
Jennifer Crum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Research Utilization ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Household Resources

Abstract Objectives The USAID's Strengthening Multisectoral Nutrition Programming through Implementation Science Activity (MSNP) in Bangladesh gathered local knowledge to augment national data to ensure nutrition programming delivery was appropriately targeted. Such knowledge allowed MSNP's social protection conditional cash transfer (CCT) activity to reach most at-risk individuals. Methods Using structured field observation forms, six trained staff documented nutrition programming decision-making processes and MSNP project activities regarding appropriate beneficiary targeting in six districts. Numerous project documents were reviewed and site visits conducted to evaluate CCT implementation in action. Data were coded into three aspects of learning (challenges and methods to alleviate them, successes, and recommendations for future programming) and analyzed according to themes identified in research utilization literature. Results CCT, an incentive-based delivery mechanism targeting women based on locally collected data, positively influenced household decision-makers, including women, to provide effective health and nutrition care for themselves and their children. CCT, received upon completion of antenatal care visits and participation in nutrition education sessions, effectively supported the uptake of MSNP community workers’ nutrition advice led to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in remote areas. Requiring CCT beneficiaries to open bKash accounts to ensure financial transparency and that funds reached the intended participants helped establish women as nutrition decision makers, improving financial inclusion for extreme-poor women. Conclusions CCT stimulates use of nutrition and health services, increasing household resources for nutrition-related behaviors and allowing women to exercise financial freedom. To improve evidence utilization in nutrition programming, national indicators must be complemented with local knowledge gathering processes, with local stakeholders and beneficiaries involved to ensure appropriate targeting and to transform knowledge into practice. Funding Sources United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

scholarly journals Patchwork vs. Proactive Social Protection Policies: CCTs and Social Expenditure in Brazil and the Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Mark Stevenson Curry
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
International Donor

Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs disburse cash grants to targeted recipient families under requirements for education and maternal health. These programs have been widely adopted with international donor assistance since the 1990s. Most CCT research examines program effectiveness at the demand level-the cash provision and compliance outcomes. This paper considers the respective supply-side question of health and education budgeting in Brazil and the Philippines during the relevant period of CCT implementation. The data provide that whereas Brazil has improved such access to services to complement its CCT programs, the Philippines has underinvested in supply-side provision. Brazil thus exhibits an integrated conceptualization of social protection for development. The Philippines exhibits a patchwork scheme for short term goals.

Association between iron deficiency anaemia and complementary feeding in children under 2 years assisted by a Conditional Cash Transfer programme

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marília Moura e Mendes ◽  
Giovana de Montemor Marçal ◽  
Manuela Di Guaraldi Mafra Fragoso ◽  
Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo Florêncio ◽  
Nassib Bezerra Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between Fe deficiency anaemia (IDA) and complementary feeding in children under 2 years old assisted by the Conditional Cash Transfer programme, Bolsa Família (BFP). Design: Cross-sectional study. Data were obtained through a standardised form, questionnaire to assess the eating habits of children under 2 years of age, capillary Hb (HemoCue®) and the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale. Associations were calculated using hierarchical Poisson regression, adjusted at the last level by socio-economic, demographic and environmental variables from previous hierarchical levels. Setting: Six municipalities from the State of Alagoas, Brazil. Participants: Children aged 6–24 months assisted by BFP. Results: A total of 1604 children were evaluated, among whom 58·1 % had anaemia. A higher number of food groups consumed (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0·97; 95 % CI 0·95, 0·99; P = 0·009), the consumption of dairy (PR = 0·86; 95 % CI 0·79, 0·84; P = 0·001) and meat (PR = 0·90; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·99; P = 0·030) in addition to bottle feeding (PR = 0·88; 95 % CI 0·82, 0·96; P = 0·004) were associated with a lower prevalence of IDA. Conclusions: IDA is still a serious public health problem in children under 2 years old assisted by BFP in Alagoas. We highlight the importance of promoting complementary feeding based on a diversified dietary intake, as well strengthening prophylactic supplementation programmes to increase children’s adherence in conjunction with the implementation of food and nutrition education to help reduce the prevalence of this condition.

scholarly journals The Latin American and Nigerian Conditional Cash Transfer Experience: A Comparative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Ikenna Samuel Umezurike ◽  
Ibraheem Salisu Adam
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Capital Development

Despite the recent economic growth in Nigeria, poverty remains a social problem. One of the strategies employed by the Nigerian government and some development partners towards solving this problem is the deployment of social protection instruments, such as Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs), which aim at stemming the tide of poverty and vulnerability. This study uses the secondary research method to examine the extent to which the Latin American CCT model influenced the design and operation of the Nigerian CCT programme. The policy diffusion model adopted for the study posits that the success of CCT programmes in Latin America has stimulated its extension to many developing countries outside the region. The findings from the review of selected literature explain the rationale for CCTs as short-term poverty reduction and long-term human capital development. Admittedly, a nexus exists between the Latin American and Nigerian strategies. Yet the study concludes that the Latin American model cannot adequately serve as a blueprint for the Nigeria strategy, given that underlying conditions in upper middle-income Latin American countries are clearly different from those present in low income or lower middle-income African countries like Nigeria. The study recommends urgent implementation of the National Social Protection Policy; a review of the current CCT programme in Nigeria every two years and extensive research into social protection strategies.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Conditional Cash Transfer on Multidimensional Deprivation of Young Women: Evidence from South Africa’s HTPN 068

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-895
Author(s):  
Kelly Kilburn ◽  
Lucia Ferrone ◽  
Audrey Pettifor ◽  
Ryan Wagner ◽  
F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multidimensional Deprivation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite the growing popularity of multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis, its use to measure the impact of social protection programs remains scarce. Using primary data collected for the evaluation of HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068, a randomized, conditional cash transfer intervention for young girls in South Africa that ran from 2011 to 2015, we construct an individual-level measure of multidimensional poverty, a major departure from standard indices that use the household as the unit of analysis. We construct our measure by aggregating multiple deprivation indicators across six dimensions and using a system of nested weights where each domain is weighted equally. Our findings show that the cash transfer consistently reduces deprivations among girls, in particular through the domains of economic agency, violence, and relationships. These results show how social protection interventions can improve the lives of young women beyond single domains and demonstrate the potential for social protection to simultaneously address multiple targets of the SDGs.

scholarly journals Decent Work and Social Protection in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Mônica A. Haddad ◽  
Joshua Hellyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Program ◽  
Belo Horizonte

This article examines how beneficiaries of Brazil’s Bolsa Família (BFP) conditional cash transfer program find employment in a Brazilian municipality and assesses their participation in decent work. Using Belo Horizonte as a case study, researchers conducted a survey of BFP recipients. The article compares responses of informally and formally employed workers to assess how their employment meets the criteria of the decent work agenda. Results indicate no significant difference between perceptions of formal and informal employees concerning discrimination and poor working conditions. Findings lead to recommendations about formalization of employment, coordination with existing job training programs, child care, and transportation.

scholarly journals A Fortified Food Can Be Replaced by Micronutrient Supplements for Distribution in a Mexican Social Protection Program Based on Results of a Cluster-Randomized Trial and Costing Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 2302S-2309S ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynnette M Neufeld ◽  
Armando García-Guerra ◽  
Amado D Quezada ◽  
Florence Théodore ◽  
Anabelle Bonvecchio Arenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Cluster Randomized

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite positive nutrition impacts, the prevalence of malnutrition among beneficiaries of Mexico's conditional cash transfer (CCT) program remains high. Greater nutrition impact may have been constrained by the type of nutritional supplements provided.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to inform a potential modification to the supplements distributed to pregnant and lactating women and children.MethodsImpact was assessed using 2 cluster-randomized trials (pregnant women, children) run simultaneously. Communities (n = 54) were randomly assigned to the fortified foods provided by the program (Nutrivida women, Nutrisano children) or alternatives: tablets (women), syrup (children), or micronutrient powders for women (MNP-W) and children (MNP-C). Each supplement for women/children contained the same micronutrients based on the formulations of Nutrivida and Nutrisano, respectively. Pregnant women (aged >18 y) were recruited before 25 weeks of gestation and followed to 3 mo postpartum. Children aged 6–12 mo were recruited and followed to age 24 mo. Primary outcomes were anemia for women and length growth for children. Statistical analyses appropriate for cluster-randomized designs were used, and structural equation modeling to estimate dose-response effects. Supplement costs per beneficiary (daily dose for 18 mo) were estimated for production and distribution.ResultsThere was no significant difference in change of anemia prevalence between supplement groups in women, or in length growth between groups in children. One daily dose of any supplement was associated with 0.8 cm greater length growth. From baseline to age 24 mo, the prevalence of anemia in the Nutrisano, syrup, and MNP-C groups decreased by 36.7, 40.8, and 37.9 percentage points, respectively (within-group, P < 0.05; between groups, P > 0.05). Costs per beneficiary ranged from $12.1 (MNP-C) to $94.8 (Nutrivida).ConclusionsThe CCT program could distribute alternative supplements at lower cost per beneficiary without compromising potential for impact. Acceptance among beneficiaries should also be considered in choice of alternatives. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00531674.

scholarly journals Can Social Protection Weaken Clientelism? Considering Conditional Cash Transfers as Political Reform in the Philippines

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun R. Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Programs ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
Potential Resource

Since poverty is often believed to be a root cause of clientelism, government policies to reduce poverty should also help to reduce clientelism. However, scholars studying clientelism are more likely to view social policy as a potential resource for clientelist politicians. This article examines this paradox in the Philippine context by offering a general framework to identify when social welfare policies are likely to reduce clientelism, and by applying this framework to the Philippines, focusing on the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino conditional cash transfer programme, or Pantawid. I argue that the policies that are most likely to undercut clientelism are universal social protection policies that provide poor families with security, although these are the least acceptable to middle-class taxpayers. This is exemplified by the Philippines, which has tended to introduce social policies that increase the scope for clientelism by making discretionary allocation more likely, rather than policies that offer income security to the poor. The Pantawid programme attempts to overcome these problems by introducing a centralised targeting mechanism to identify beneficiaries and by guaranteeing the benefit to all eligible families, but like all conditional cash transfer programs falls short of guaranteed and universal social protection.

Household’s Allocation of Payment for Ecosystem Services in “La Antigua” Watershed, Veracruz, México

2021 ◽  
pp. 107049652110031
Author(s):  
Veronique Sophie Avila-Foucat ◽  
Karla J. Rodriguez-Robayo ◽  
Kelly W. Jones ◽  
Erin C. Pischke ◽  
David Torrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Durable Goods ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Payment For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽  
Household Decision

Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is an environmental policy looking to improve ecosystem conservation and well-being. Assets have been used to evaluate socioeconomic outcomes of the program; however, the allocation of PES at a household level and its explaining variables have not been addressed. Thus, the aim of this article is to study the allocation of PES in nondurable and durable goods and the determinants of this household decision. Results from the La Antigua watershed located in Mexico indicate that the PES program is primarily used in durable goods, mainly on health, house infrastructure, agricultural inputs, and reforestation. Econometric models show that this allocation to one or several assets depends on the average age of the household head, on participation in a community organization, and on the average income. In contrast, government transfers are not significant. Based on this, policy recommendations are made related to the program’s socioeconomic outcomes and alignment with other conditional cash transfer.

scholarly journals Policy Pollination: A Brief History of Social Protection’s Brief History in Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Devereux
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Transnational Actors ◽  
Development Agencies

The relatively recent emergence and sustained rise of social protection as a policy agenda in Africa can be understood as either a nationally owned or ‘donor-driven’ process. While elements of both can be seen in different countries at different times, this paper focuses on the pivotal role of transnational actors, specifically international development agencies, as ‘policy pollinators’ for social protection. These agencies deployed a range of tactics to induce African governments to implement cash transfer programmes and establish social protection systems, including: (1) building the empirical evidence base that cash transfers have positive impacts, for advocacy purposes; (2) financing social protection programmes until governments take over this responsibility; (3) strengthening state capacity to deliver social protection, through technical assistance and training workshops; (4) commissioning and co-authoring national social protection policies; (5) encouraging the domestication of international social protection law into national legislation. Despite these pressures and inducements, some governments have resisted or implemented social protection only partially and reluctantly, either because they are not convinced or because their political interests are not best served by allocating scarce resources to cash transfer programmes. This raises questions about the extent to which the agendas of development agencies are aligned or in conflict with national priorities, and whether social protection programmes and systems would flourish or wither if international support was withdrawn.

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