scholarly journals The Latin American and Nigerian Conditional Cash Transfer Experience: A Comparative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Ikenna Samuel Umezurike ◽  
Ibraheem Salisu Adam
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Capital Development

Despite the recent economic growth in Nigeria, poverty remains a social problem. One of the strategies employed by the Nigerian government and some development partners towards solving this problem is the deployment of social protection instruments, such as Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs), which aim at stemming the tide of poverty and vulnerability. This study uses the secondary research method to examine the extent to which the Latin American CCT model influenced the design and operation of the Nigerian CCT programme. The policy diffusion model adopted for the study posits that the success of CCT programmes in Latin America has stimulated its extension to many developing countries outside the region. The findings from the review of selected literature explain the rationale for CCTs as short-term poverty reduction and long-term human capital development. Admittedly, a nexus exists between the Latin American and Nigerian strategies. Yet the study concludes that the Latin American model cannot adequately serve as a blueprint for the Nigeria strategy, given that underlying conditions in upper middle-income Latin American countries are clearly different from those present in low income or lower middle-income African countries like Nigeria. The study recommends urgent implementation of the National Social Protection Policy; a review of the current CCT programme in Nigeria every two years and extensive research into social protection strategies.

Two Decades of Social Investment in Latin America: Outcomes, Shortcomings and Achievements of Conditional Cash Transfers

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros Papadopoulos ◽  
Ricardo Velázquez Leyer
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Early Twenty

Conditional Cash Transfer programmes (CCTs) have been at the core of the remarkable expansion of social protection in Latin America in the early twenty-first century. Our article reviews the origins of CCTs in the Social Investment (SI) approach to social policy design, explores their characteristics and traces their expansion in Latin America. It further questions whether CCTs designed under the influence of SI can generate long-term substantial improvements in social outcomes. Our analysis suggests that while CCTs have evidently produced a number of positive outputs they are not, on their own, enough to achieve the aim of reducing poverty. CCTs appear to be more effective in poverty alleviation when they are accompanied by – or form part of – a wider package of measures that enhance social and employment rights, integrating workers into the formal economy under better conditions. We conclude that unless the structural deficiencies that shape many of the Latin American welfare regimes are addressed, the potential of social investment policies, like CCTs, to combat poverty will remain limited.

Sociocultural and institutional contexts of social cash transfer programs: Lessons from stakeholders’ attitudes and experiences in Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix K Yeboah ◽  
Michael D Kaplowitz ◽  
John M Kerr ◽  
Frank Lupi ◽  
Laurie G Thorp
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Sociocultural Attitudes ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Poverty Reduction Strategy

As conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs spread in African countries, there is a need for well-designed programs that reflect their economic, institutional, political, and sociocultural circumstances. Using both qualitative and quantitative data analysis, this article examines the perspectives of beneficiaries, program managers, and community leaders regarding Ghana’s CCT program. It addresses sociocultural attitudes toward poverty, perceptions of CCT as a poverty reduction strategy, and experiences with CCT implementation. Findings indicate favorable views of CCT but little support for giving money to the poor as a long-term poverty-alleviation strategy. Ghana’s CCT program is seen as fair and popular, but current payment levels are viewed as inadequate, impractical, and unreliable.

scholarly journals BANTUAN TUNAI BERSYARAT SEBAGAI PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL DASAR DI INDONESIA

Sosio Informa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oetami Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Benefit Level ◽  
The Social

Abstract. The CCT (Conditional Cash Transfer) is being introduced to address shocks caused by fuel price increases with the benefit level set at a level sufficient to compensate the poor for the price increase; however, it is difficult to introduce a higher benefit level for the CCT than was established under the existing unconditional cash transfer. In recent years, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have been introduced for a wide array of different purposes. Applied, for instance, to education and childhealth in poor countries, they consist in giving cash to poor parents under the condition that they send their children to school and health visits. These programs have been hailed as being among the most significant innovations in promoting social development in recent years. And through this program we hope the poorest people who are required to be assisted through the poverty program would be released from their poverty circle in the future and in thenext generation.CCTs are quickly becoming central instruments in many countries' poverty reduction agendas. On the economic side, research has shown that the elasticity of poverty to growth is much lower in countries with higher inequality. Growth is seen as necessary but insufficient to reduce poverty. Therefore redistribution must also plays an important role. It is hoped that CCTs' contributions to reducing inequality, combined with economic growth, can provide an equitable foundation for broad-based poverty reduction. On the social side, it is hoped that these longer-term investments will reduce vulnerability in the short-run and in the long run contribute to breaking inter-generational poverty by helping today's children become productive members and full citizens of tomorrow 'ssociety.CCTs feed into the broader debate on social inclusion on several levels as they often lead to changes in accountability relationships between central governments, local governments, service providers and beneficiaries. among others. On the level of national social policy CCTs are gaining popularity as instruments for reaching excluded groups, notably the extreme poor living outside the reach of social protection programs tied to formal sector employment. Many still argue that despite efforts at program coordination, however CCTs must be adequately inserted within a broader institutional reform of social and economic programs that would bring about effective inclusion and poverty reduction. On a local level, some CCT programs have been criticized for using mechanisms that run counter to the social inclusion goals with respect of local governments and communities.Keyword : conditional cash transfer programme, poverty reduction, human capital.

Assessing the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) program as a conditional income transfer: a search for a conceptual framework

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassan Abdul-Wakeel Karakara ◽  
Ernest Amoabeng Ortsin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Poor

Purpose Ghana has implemented different kinds of pro-poor program and policies since its independence to reduce poverty. The Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) is one of such program. LEAP is a social cash transfer program and its implementation has been under the auspices of the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection since 2008. It provides direct cash and health insurance coverage for extremely poor households across the country to alleviate short-term poverty and encourage long-term human capital development. This paper examines the LEAP program in terms of how it has achieved its aim and the opportunities for improvement.Design/methodology/approach Primary data were obtained from interviews of 110 beneficiaries of the program. The study proposes a conceptual framework that links poverty reduction and social policies to assist researchers analyze pro-poor or social cash transfer program.Findings The findings show that the program is challenged with administrative bureaucracies, irregular inflow of funds, perceived political interferences, inconsistent implementation strategies and low value of the cash transfer (which results in little or no impact on consumption). However, the data also show that LEAP has positive impacts on nonconsumption spending like children's schooling. The program' exit strategy does not impact much on beneficiaries to allow them exit without the tendency of being poor.Practical implications This paper discussed the LEAP program as a social cash transfer to the poor in Ghana. The study constructed a conceptual framework to help researchers and practitioners analyze the implementation of pro-poor interventions. This conceptualization allows for cash transfer program to empower beneficiaries and exits them to allow for other beneficiaries to enroll, ensuring reduction in poverty over time. Generally, the beneficiaries have benefited from the LEAP in the areas of consumption, education and healthcare with few beneficiaries being able to accumulate some few assets. The LEAP program has no exit plan.Originality/value This study adds to literature by offering a conceptual framework to help researchers and policy makers in dealing with social assistance policies to the poor. The study also gave an insight into how pro-poor policy strategies could be crafted.

Anti-Poverty Transfers and Poverty Reduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Barrientos
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Program

This chapter examines the role that public policy initiatives—specifically anti-poverty transfers—have played in the reduction of poverty and inequality in Brazil. A number of anti-poverty initiatives are considered in turn, and not just the widely known Bolsa Familia conditional cash transfer program. The analysis establishes that such transfers—including conditional cash transfers—have proved surprisingly effective, even helping to tackle long-standing income inequality. It is recognized that explicit anti-poverty initiatives were not the only drivers of the reduced incidence of poverty and inequality: factors such as growth and improved access to labor markets also played a role. However, progress is now threatened by the recent economic and political crisis.

scholarly journals Foreign aid on economic growth in Africa: A comparison of low and middle-income countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aye Mengistu Alemu ◽  
Jin-Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Theoretical Hypothesis

Previous empirical studies on the effects of foreign aid on economic growth have generated mixed results that make it difficult to draw policy recommendations. The main reason for such mixed results is the choice of a single aggregate list of countries, regardless of the disparities in levels of development. This study therefore fills the development gap by disaggregating the African data into a panel of 20 middle- income and 19 low- income African countries over a period of 15 years between 1995 and 2010, and employing a dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) model to address the dynamic nature of economic growth as well as the problems of endogeneity. The results of this study support the theoretical hypothesis that a positive relationship between aid and GDP growth exists, but only for low-income African countries, not middle-income ones. On the other hand, the study reveals that middle- income African countries tend to experience a greater impact on their economic growth from foreign direct investment (FDI) and natural resources revenues, mainly oil exports. This implies that the frequent criticism that foreign aid has not contributed to economic growth is flawed, at least in the case of low-income African countries. In fact, foreign aid has played a critical role in stimulating economic growth in such countries through supplementing domestic sources of finance such as savings, thus increasing the amount of investment and capital stock in them.

The Anti-Incumbent Effects of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Sanches Corrêa ◽  
José Antonio Cheibub
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Programs ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractScholars concur that conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have a strong proincumbent effect among beneficiaries. Although no study has properly focused on the overall effect of cash transfers on incumbents' national vote shares, most scholars have deduced that this effect is positive; i.e., that cash transfers lead to the expansion of incumbents' electoral bases. This article analyzes survey data from nearly all Latin American countries and confirms that beneficiaries of CCT programs are more likely to support incumbents. However, it also shows that CCT programs may induce many voters who were previously incumbent supporters to vote for the opposition. As a consequence, the overall impact of cash transfers on incumbents' vote shares is indeterminate; it depends on the balance between both patterns of behavioral changes among voters. This study is the first to report evidence that cash transfer programs may have significant anti-incumbent effects.

scholarly journals Effects of social protection on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in low or middle-income and in high-burden countries: systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaio Vinicius Freitas de Andrade ◽  
Joilda Silva Nery ◽  
Ramon Andrade de Souza ◽  
Susan Martins Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Meta Analyses

Tuberculosis (TB) is a poverty infectious disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Evidences suggest that social protection strategies (SPS) can improve TB treatment outcomes. This study aimed to synthesize such evidences through systematic literature review and meta-analysis. We searched for studies conducted in low- or middle-income and in high TB-burden countries, published during 1995-2016. The review was performed by searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and LILACS. We included only studies that investigated the effects of SPS on TB treatment outcomes. We retained 25 studies for qualitative synthesis. Meta-analyses were performed with 9 randomized controlled trials, including a total of 1,687 participants. Pooled results showed that SPS was associated with TB treatment success (RR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.03-1.14), cure of TB patients (RR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.01-1.22) and with reduction in risk of TB treatment default (RR = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.45-0.89). We did not detect effects of SPS on the outcomes treatment failure and death. These findings revealed that SPS might improve TB treatment outcomes in lower-middle-income economies or countries with high burden of this disease. However, the overall quality of evidences regarding these effect estimates is low and further well-conducted randomized studies are needed.

scholarly journals Compulsory education laws or incentives from CCT programs? Explaining the rise in secondary school attendance rate in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Edo ◽  
Mariana Marchionni ◽  
Santiago Garganta
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Latin American ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
National Education ◽  
Upper Secondary Education ◽  
The Impact

Argentina has traditionally stood out in terms of educational outcomes among its Latin American counterparts. Schooling of older children, however, still shows room for improvement especially among the more vulnerable. Fortunately, during the last years a sizeable improvement in attendance rates for children aged 15 through 17 took place. This could be related to the 2006 National Education Law that made upper-secondary education compulsory. In this paper, instead, we claim that the Asignación Universal por Hijo (Universal Child Allowance, AUH) -a massive conditional cash transfer program implemented in 2009 in Argentina- may be mostly responsible for this improvement. Using a difference-in-difference strategy we estimate that the program accounts for a 3.9 percentage point increase in the probability of attending secondary school among eligible children aged 15 through 17. The impact seems to be led by boys and is more relevant for children living in larger families where the head of household has a lower educational level.

PATTERN OF SCHOOL ABSENTEEISM IN SOME SELECTED COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ◽  
Multiple Indicator

School absenteeism is treated as a barrier towards quality education. It is related to school dropout, depression, anxiety and academic performance. This study uses Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey dataset to analyze the pattern of school absenteeism in five lower middle-income countries: Bangladesh, Djibouti, Nigeria, Ukraine and Vietnam. Primary and secondary level students are considered in this study. Authors accomplish descriptive analyses to trace out the pattern of school absenteeism. This study finds that nearly one-third students in Bangladesh, about half of the students in Djibouti and more than half students in Vietnam missed at least one instructional day in a week. Additionally, more than 80 percent students in Nigeria and Ukraine missed one instructional day in a week. This study reveals that age and wealth status are negatively related to school absenteeism. Furthermore, it is evident that tendency of school absenteeism is higher among rural and primary level students. Thus, this study suggests for providing conditional cash transfer among primary level students and specific incentive for rural students to address the problem of absenteeism.

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