scholarly journals Usual Intake of Food Pattern Components by U.S. Adolescents: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2015–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
Carrie Martin ◽  
Lois Steinfeldt ◽  
Joseph Goldman ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Usual Intake

Abstract Objectives To estimate the usual, or long-term, adherence to recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), 2015–2020 by U.S. adolescents. Methods The analysis used dietary intake data from What We Eat in America, NHANES, 2015–2018. The sample included 1510 (740 male, 770 female) and 1421 (715 male, 706 female) adolescents age 9–13 yr and 14–18 yr, respectively. USDA's Food Patterns Equivalents Database and the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2015–2016 and 2017–2018 were used to determine the consumption of Food Pattern components, added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium. Usual intake estimates representative of the U.S. population were produced using the National Cancer Institute method and compared to the DGA energy-specific recommendations based on age, sex, and assuming the lowest physical activity level. Results Adolescents age 9–13 yr had significantly (P < 0.001) higher percentages meeting the DGA recommended intake than 14–18 yr for fruit (18% vs 8%) and grains (86% vs 60%). For components to limit, adolescents 9–13 yr had significantly (P < 0.001) lower percentages meeting the DGA recommendation for sodium less than the upper limit (2% vs 13%). When compared by age within sex, females age 9–13 yr had significantly higher percentages meeting the recommended intake than 14–18 yr for dairy (14% vs 4%) and grains (86% vs 55%) and lower percentages meeting the recommendation for sodium less than the upper limit (3% vs 23%). Males age 9–13 yr had significantly higher percentages meeting the recommended intake than age 14–18 yr for fruit (16% vs 4%) and grains (86% vs 65%). Conclusions Although adolescents age 9–13 yr had higher percentages than 14–18 yr meeting select recommended intakes, there was a lower percentage meeting the recommendation for sodium intake. With the exception of intake of grains, less than half of adolescents age 9–13 yr and 14–18 yr met any of the DGA recommendations for intake. These results reinforce the need for age-specific nutrition education. Funding Sources USDA.

scholarly journals Usual Intake of Food Components in Adults Age 71+ from WWEIA, NHANES 2013–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 569-569
Author(s):  
Lois Steinfeldt ◽  
Carrie Martin ◽  
Joseph Goldman ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Food Patterns ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Objectives Compare the usual intake of food components and the percent meeting the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020 (DGA) energy-specific recommendations for males and females age 71+. Methods This analysis is based on 24-hr recalls from 1422 individuals age 71 and older from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016 (WWEIA, NHANES). It uses the Food Patterns Equivalents Databases for 2013–2014 and 2015–2016. These databases contain the amounts of Food Patterns components for each food and beverage reported by each WWEIA, NHANES respondent. Usual intake distributions of selected food patterns components are estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. These distributions are then compared to the energy-specific recommendations in the DGA as appropriate for each respondent, based on age, sex, and physical activity level. The NHANES Physical Activity Questionnaire is used to classify respondents as sedentary, moderately active, or active. Results Significantly more males than females meet the energy-specific recommendation for protein foods (52% vs 30%, P < .001) and dairy foods (6% vs 1%, P < .001) while significantly more females than males meet the recommendation for limiting sodium (34% vs 9%, P < .001). There are no significant differences between males and females meeting the recommendations for vegetables, fruits, grains, added sugars, and saturated fat. Within the protein foods subgroups, significantly more males than females meet the recommendations for the meat, poultry, and egg subgroup (59% vs 40%, P < .001), but there are no differences for the total fish and seafood or the nuts, seeds, and soy products subgroups. Within the vegetable subgroups, there are no significant differences between males and females meeting the recommendations for dark green, red/orange, total starchy, legumes or other vegetables. Conclusions Less than half of adults age 71+ meet any of the DGA energy-specific recommendations with the exception of males where 52% meet the recommendation for protein foods and 59% meet the recommendation for the meat, poultry, egg subgroup within protein foods. Only 1% of women meet the recommendation for dairy foods. Funding Sources USDA, ARS.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Nutrition Review of Grain-Based Muesli Bars in Australia: An Audit of Supermarket Products

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Curtain ◽  
Sara Grafenauer
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Nutrition Review

Muesli bars are consumed by 16% of children, and 7.5% of adults, and are classified as discretionary in Australian Dietary Guidelines, containing “higher fat and added sugars” compared with core food choices. This study aimed to provide a nutritional overview of grain-based muesli bars, comparing data from 2019 with 2015. An audit of muesli bars, grain-based bars, and oat slices was undertaken in January 2019 (excluding fruit, nut, nutritional supplement, and breakfast bars) from the four major supermarkets in metropolitan Sydney. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for all nutrients on-pack, including whole grain per serve and per 100g. Health Star Rating (HSR) was calculated if not included on-pack. Of all bars (n = 165), 63% were ≤ 600 kJ (268–1958 kJ), 12% were low in saturated fat, 56% were a source of dietary fibre, and none were low in sugar. Two-thirds (66%) were whole grain (≥8 g/serve), with an average of 10 g/serve, 16% of the 48 g Daily Target Intake. HSR featured on 63% of bars (average 3.2), with an overall HSR of 2.7. Compared to 2015, mean sugars declined (26.6 g to 23.7 g/100 g; p < 0.001), and 31% more bars were whole grain (109 up from 60 bars). Although categorised as discretionary, there were significant nutrient differences across grain-based muesli bars. Clearer classification within policy initiatives, including HSR, may assist consumers in choosing products high in whole grain and fibre at the supermarket shelf.

scholarly journals The Benefits of Including Hummus and Hummus Ingredients into the American Diet to Promote Diet Quality and Health: A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3678
Author(s):  
Evan J. Reister ◽  
Lynn N. Belote ◽  
Heather J. Leidy
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Daily Food

Over the last decade, hummus has become an increasingly popular food. Given the ingredients (i.e., primarily chickpeas and tahini), nutrient composition, versatility, and acceptability, hummus can play a unique role when included in the American diet, to promote diet quality and improve health. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence examining the effects of acute and long-term consumption of hummus and hummus ingredients on diet quality and risk factors related to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In addition, food pattern/menu modeling is included to illustrate the potential nutritional impact of consuming hummus to meet dietary guidelines. In general, the consumption of hummus and/or its respective ingredients has been shown to improve postprandial glycemic control, fasting lipids, appetite control, and daily food intake compared to other commonly consumed foods. The incorporation of hummus into the American diet can also improve diet quality by replacing foods higher in saturated fats, sodium, or added sugars. Collectively, these findings support the addition of hummus and/or hummus ingredients as an important component of a healthy dietary pattern.

scholarly journals Faith in Fat: A Multisite Examination of University Students’ Perceptions of Fat in the Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2560
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Landry ◽  
Jasmine M. Olvany ◽  
Megan P. Mueller ◽  
Tiffany Chen ◽  
Dana Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Food System ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Fat Consumption

Despite recent relaxation of restrictions on dietary fat consumption in dietary guidelines, there remains a collective “fear of fat”. This study examined college students’ perceptions of health among foods with no fat relative to foods with different types of fats (unsaturated and saturated). Utilizing a multisite approach, this study collected data from college students at six university dining halls throughout the United States. Data were available on 533 students. Participants were 52% male and consisted largely of first-year students (43%). Across three meal types, the no-fat preparation option was chosen 73% of the time, the unsaturated fat option was selected 23% of the time, and the saturated fat option was chosen 4% of the time. Students chose the no-fat option for all meal types 44% of the time. Findings suggest that college students lack knowledge regarding the vital role played by the type and amount of fats within a healthy diet. Nutrition education and food system reforms are needed to help consumers understand that type of fat is more important than total amount of fat. Efforts across various sectors can encourage incorporating, rather than avoiding, fats within healthy dietary patterns.

scholarly journals Energy and Nutrient Intake of Americans according to Meeting Current Dairy Recommendations

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Hess ◽  
Christopher J. Cifelli ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni III
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Using Data

Most Americans do not meet dairy food recommendations from the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). This study assesses differences in nutrient intake between Americans who meet recommendations for dairy intake and those who do not, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 (n = 5670 children ages 2–18 years and n = 10,112 adults ages 19+). Among children and adults, those meeting dairy food recommendations were significantly more likely to have adequate intake (% above Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)) of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and zinc and consume above the Adequate Intake (AI) for potassium and choline than Americans not meeting dairy recommendations, regardless of age, sex, or race/ethnicity. Americans meeting dairy recommendations were also more likely to exceed recommendations for sodium and saturated fat but consume less added sugars. Nearly 60% of Americans 2 years and older not meeting dairy recommendations consumed calcium and magnesium below the EAR. Only about 20% of Americans who did not meet dairy recommendations consumed above the AI for potassium. Dairy foods make important and unique contributions to dietary patterns, and it can be difficult to meet nutrient needs without consuming recommended amounts of dairy foods.

scholarly journals Usual Intake of Food Patterns Components by Older Adults from WWEIA, NHANES 2013–2016 (P18-119-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Steinfeldt ◽  
Joseph Goldman ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Food Patterns ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Objectives Compare the usual intake of food patterns components to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) by demographics for adults age 51 and older. Methods This analysis is based on 24-hr recalls from 4736 individuals age 51 and older from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016 (WWEIA, NHANES). It uses the Food Patterns Equivalents Databases for 2013–2014 and 2015–2016. These databases contain the amounts of Food Patterns components for each food and beverage reported by each WWEIA, NHANES respondent. Usual intake distributions of selected food patterns components are estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. These distributions are then compared to the energy-specific recommendations in the DGA as appropriate for each respondent, based on age, sex, and physical activity level. The NHANES Physical Activity Questionnaire is used to classify respondents as sedentary, moderately active, or active. Results When estimating the Food Patterns component of total protein foods, the mean usual intake ± SE in ounce equivalents for adults age 51 and older, men had significantly higher intake than women (7.3 ± .13 vs 5.1 ± .10 (P < 0.001). The mean usual intake for adults age 71 and older was less than for those age 51–70 (P < 0.001) regardless of sex, race/ethnicity or income (P < 0.001). When considering the energy specific recommendation for total protein foods for adults 51 years and over, women were more likely than men to not meet their recommendation, 57% vs 38% (P < 0.001). Further, women age 71 and older were more likely to not meet their recommendation compared to those age 51–70 (70% vs 52%, P < 0.001), with the differences significant regardless of race/ethnicity and income (P < 0.001). Conclusions Overall, there are large percentages of adults age 51 and older who failed to meet the DGA recommendations for total protein foods. Comparing usual intake of older adults shows differences between men and women and by age, race/ethnicity, and income. Funding Sources ARS, USDA.

scholarly journals How Successful Are U.S. Adults at Altering Nutrient Intakes and Meeting Dietary Guideline Recommendations?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1428-1428
Author(s):  
Alexandria Kluger ◽  
Harris Lieberman ◽  
Stefan Pasiakos ◽  
Victor Fulgoni ◽  
Claire Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Special Diet ◽  
Low Salt

Abstract Objectives The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) recommend dietary patterns that limit added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat and emphasize nutrient-dense foods. It is unknown whether individuals who self-report adhering to a diet that alters nutrient intake are, in fact, meeting DGA recommendations. Objective: To compare dietary intakes and adherence to the DGAs in individuals who self-report following a special diet versus those who report following no diet. Methods NHANES 2003–2014 (≥19 y, n = 30,086) data were analyzed to determine % of the population answering yes or no to “Are you on any type of special diet?”. Individuals who answered yes, were further asked, “What kind of diet are you on?” and chose from a list of special diets (e.g., low salt or sodium; sugar free or low sugar). Mean nutrient intakes for each diet population were compared to the population following no diet. Individual usual intakes were estimated to determine the % of the population above or below nutrient-specific DGA recommendations. P &lt; 0.01 was considered significant. Results In U.S. adults, 15.6 ± 0.3% answered yes when asked if they adhere to a special diet. Individuals who reported following a low sugar diet (n = 208) consumed 8.8 ± 0.7% total daily energy from added sugars, which was less than those following no diet (13.8 ± 0.1%; P &lt; 0.01). Of individuals following a low sugar diet, 67 ± 4% met the recommendation to consume &lt;10% energy from added sugar, which was a greater percentage than those following no diet (32 ± 1%; P &lt; 0.01). Individuals who reported following a low salt/sodium diet (n = 580) consumed 3317 ± 110 mg/d sodium, which was less than those following no diet (3657 ± 17 mg/d; P &lt; 0.01). Only 17 ± 2% of individuals following a low salt/sodium diet met recommendations to consume &lt;2300 mg/d sodium, which was a greater percentage than those following no diet (10 ± 0%; P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions American adults who self-report adhering to a low sugar or low salt/sodium diet consume less added sugar and sodium, respectively, than individuals who report following no diet. However, a substantial proportion of individuals following low sugar or low salt/sodium diets are still not meeting DGA recommendations. Funding Sources DMRP/USAMRDC. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect official policy of the Army, DoD, or US Government.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Proximity of Singaporean Children’s Dietary Habits to Food-Based Dietary Guidelines

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain A Brownlee ◽  
Jasmine Low ◽  
Naageswari Duriraju ◽  
Mavis Chun ◽  
Jessica Xiu Yan Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Diet

Dietary habits in children may not only impact current health status but could also shape future, lifelong dietary choices. Dietary intake data in Singaporean children are limited. The current study aimed to define the overall diet quality of Singaporean children using an existing cross-sectional dataset and to consider how demographic factors (i.e., body mass index (BMI) status, ethnicity, age, and sex) were associated with these scores. Existing, cross-sectional dietary data (n = 561 children aged 6–12 years, collected in 2014–2015) from duplicate 24-h recalls were assessed for diet quality using an index based on the Singaporean Health Promotion Board dietary guidelines. Total diet quality scores were calculated from ten different components (frequencies of rice and alternatives, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, meat and alternatives, dairy and alternatives, total fat, saturated fat, sodium intake, and added sugars). Association with demographic factors and BMI category was evaluated by one-way multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) tests, with Bonferroni post hoc analyses. Median (interquartile range) total diet quality scores were 65.4 (57.1–73.0). Median scores for whole grains (0.0, 0.0–33.4), fruits (24.1, 0.0–65.3), vegetables (36.5, 10.4-89.8), and sodium (58.4, 0.0–100.0) intake were frequently sub-optimal. Children of Malay ethnic origin had statistically lower total diet quality scores ((55.3, 47.5–60.3) vs. other ethnic groups (combined median 65.4 (57.1, 73.0); p < 0.001). These findings highlight the need for continuing efforts to improve dietary intake in young Singaporeans and for longitudinal dietary monitoring in this group.

scholarly journals Do Dietary Patterns Differ with Video Game Usage in College Men?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1334-1334
Author(s):  
Dustin Moore ◽  
Jesse Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
College Men ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives To assess the differences in fruit and vegetable (F/V), total dietary fat, saturated fat, sodium, sugar, and discretionary calorie consumption, as well as body fat percentage (BF%), body mass index (BMI), and iliac crest waist circumference (WC) between high, moderate, and non-video game users in a sample of male college students. Methods Data collected between 2012–2018 from the College Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey, an ongoing cross-sectional study at a public New England university, were analyzed. After exclusion of participants with missing data, our final sample sizes were n = 1095, n = 1060, and n = 786 for diet, BF%, and BMI/WC analyses, respectively. Daily video game usage (hrs/day) was self-reported and categorized as: non-users (NVG), &lt;1hr/day users (MVG), and ≥1hr/day (HVG). BF% was measured via bioelectrical impedance; BMI and WC were measured in duplicate. Food and nutrient data were obtained from three-day food records. Group differences were examined via ANCOVA using total kilocalories, daily steps, and first-year status as covariates. Results College men reported varying levels of video game usage: 30.5% reported NVG, 39.4% reported MVG, and 30.1% reported HVG. Higher WC was observed in MVG compared to NVG (84.5 ± 0.5 cm vs. 82.4 ± 0.6 cm, P &lt; 0.02); no differences in WC were seen between HVG vs. NVG (84.0 ± 0.6 cm vs. 82.4 ± 0.6 cm, P = 0.18). BMI and BF% did not differ between groups. Higher saturated fat consumption (30.1 ± 0.4 g and 29.9 ± 0.4 g, vs. 28.2 ± 0.4 g, P &lt; 0.002, P &lt; 0.02) and lower F/V consumption (2.96 ± 0.1 cups and 3.01 ± 0.1 cups, vs. 3.43 ± 0.1 cups, P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.01) were observed in MVG and HVG vs. NVG. Sodium intake was higher in MVG vs. NVG (3957 ± 46 mg vs. 3701 ± 53 mg, P &lt; 0.001) while discretionary calories were higher in HVG vs. NVG (759 ± 14 kcals vs. 693 ± 14 kcals, P &lt; 0.003). No differences in total dietary fat, sugar, or alcohol consumption between groups were found. Conclusions Video game usage was associated with higher WC, saturated fat, sodium, discretionary calories, and lower F/V intake in college men. This knowledge can help to tailor nutrition education to male students; however, more robust, experimental studies in the college population are needed to confirm our observations. Funding Sources The New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 1010,738.

scholarly journals Diet Quality and Water Scarcity: Evidence from a Large Australian Population Health Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley G. Ridoutt ◽  
Danielle Baird ◽  
Kimberley Anastasiou ◽  
Gilly A. Hendrie
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Procurement Strategies ◽  
Dietary Strategies

There is widespread interest in dietary strategies that lower environmental impacts. However, various forms of malnutrition are also widely prevalent. In a first study of its kind, we quantify the water-scarcity footprint and diet quality score of a large (>9000) population of self-selected adult daily diets. Here, we show that excessive consumption of discretionary foods—i.e., energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods high in saturated fat, added sugars and salt, and alcohol—contributes up to 36% of the water-scarcity impacts and is the primary factor differentiating healthier diets with lower water-scarcity footprint from poorer quality diets with higher water-scarcity footprint. For core food groups (fruits, vegetables, etc.), large differences in water-scarcity footprint existed between individual foods, making difficult the amendment of dietary guidelines for water-scarcity impact reduction. Very large reductions in dietary water-scarcity footprint are possible, but likely best achieved though technological change, product reformulation and procurement strategies in the agricultural and food industries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document