scholarly journals The Benefits of Including Hummus and Hummus Ingredients into the American Diet to Promote Diet Quality and Health: A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3678
Author(s):  
Evan J. Reister ◽  
Lynn N. Belote ◽  
Heather J. Leidy
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Daily Food

Over the last decade, hummus has become an increasingly popular food. Given the ingredients (i.e., primarily chickpeas and tahini), nutrient composition, versatility, and acceptability, hummus can play a unique role when included in the American diet, to promote diet quality and improve health. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence examining the effects of acute and long-term consumption of hummus and hummus ingredients on diet quality and risk factors related to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In addition, food pattern/menu modeling is included to illustrate the potential nutritional impact of consuming hummus to meet dietary guidelines. In general, the consumption of hummus and/or its respective ingredients has been shown to improve postprandial glycemic control, fasting lipids, appetite control, and daily food intake compared to other commonly consumed foods. The incorporation of hummus into the American diet can also improve diet quality by replacing foods higher in saturated fats, sodium, or added sugars. Collectively, these findings support the addition of hummus and/or hummus ingredients as an important component of a healthy dietary pattern.

scholarly journals Associations of Diet Quality and All-Cause Mortality Across Levels of Cardiometabolic Health and Disease: A 7.6-Year Prospective Analysis From the Dutch Lifelines Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra C Vinke ◽  
Gerjan Navis ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
Eva Corpeleijn
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
All Cause Mortality

<b>Objective: </b>To simultaneously investigate the association of diet quality and all-cause mortality in groups with varying cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) at baseline.<br><p> <b>Design:</b> From the population-based Lifelines cohort, 40,892 non-underweight participants aged ≥50 years with data on diet quality and confounding factors were included (enrollment 2006-2013). From food frequency questionnaire data, tertiles of the Lifelines diet score were calculated (T1 = poorest, T3 = best diet quality). Four CMD categories were defined: 1) CMD-free, 2) type 2 diabetes, 3) one cardiovascular disease (CVD), 4) two or more CMDs. Months when deaths occurred were obtained from municipal registries up until November 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were applied for the total population and stratified by CMD categories.<br> <b>Results</b>: After a median follow-up of 7.6 years, 1,438 participants died. Diet quality and CMD categories were independently associated with all-cause mortality in crude and adjusted models (p < 0.001). A dose-response relationship of diet quality with all-cause mortality was observed in the total population (P for trend < 0.001, T2 vs. T3 = 1.22 (1.07-1.41), T1 vs. T3 = 1.57 (1.37-1.80)). In stratified analyses, the association was significant for CMD-free individuals (T1 vs. T3 = 1.63 (1.38-1.93)) and for type 2 diabetes patients (1.87 (1.17-3.00)), but not for patients with one CVD (1.39 (0.93-2.08)) or multiple CMDs (1.19 (0.80-1.76)).<br> <b>Conclusions</b>: A high-quality diet can potentially lower all-cause mortality risk in the majority of the ageing population. Its effect may be greatest for CMD-free individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes. Tailored dietary guidelines may be required for patients with extensive histories of CMDs. </p>

scholarly journals Greater Adherence to Dietary Guidelines were Associated with Lower Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Ling Wu ◽  
Yan-Bin Ye ◽  
Long-Yun Peng ◽  
Yu-Ming Chen ◽  
Fang-Fang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The evidence regarding the impact of the healthy eating index on the risk of cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited. To examine the associations of adherence to the Chinese and American dietary guidelines and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Chinese individuals with T2D. Methods This 1:1 matched case-control study included 419 enrolled pairs hospital-based CVD cases and controls who were matched by age and sex, in Guangdong province, China, all of whom had T2D. A structured questionnaire and a 79-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect general information and dietary intake information. Diet quality scores were calculated according to the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Results After adjustment for various confounding factors, the higher diet quality scores on the CHEI and HEI-2015 showed a significant association with a lower risk of CVD. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per 5-score increment were 0.88(0.83,0.92) in the CHEI and 0.80(0.74,0.88) in the HEI-2015, respectively. In stratified analyses, the protective associations remained significant in the subgroups of sex, smoking status, tea-drinking, hypertension state, dyslipidemia state, BMI, and T2D duration, but not among the drinkers in CHEI. Conclusion Greater adherence to the most recent Chinese or American dietary guidelines were associated with a lower risk of CVD incidents among Chinese patients with T2D.

scholarly journals Associations of Diet Quality and All-Cause Mortality Across Levels of Cardiometabolic Health and Disease: A 7.6-Year Prospective Analysis From the Dutch Lifelines Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra C Vinke ◽  
Gerjan Navis ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
Eva Corpeleijn
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
All Cause Mortality

<b>Objective: </b>To simultaneously investigate the association of diet quality and all-cause mortality in groups with varying cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) at baseline.<br><p> <b>Design:</b> From the population-based Lifelines cohort, 40,892 non-underweight participants aged ≥50 years with data on diet quality and confounding factors were included (enrollment 2006-2013). From food frequency questionnaire data, tertiles of the Lifelines diet score were calculated (T1 = poorest, T3 = best diet quality). Four CMD categories were defined: 1) CMD-free, 2) type 2 diabetes, 3) one cardiovascular disease (CVD), 4) two or more CMDs. Months when deaths occurred were obtained from municipal registries up until November 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were applied for the total population and stratified by CMD categories.<br> <b>Results</b>: After a median follow-up of 7.6 years, 1,438 participants died. Diet quality and CMD categories were independently associated with all-cause mortality in crude and adjusted models (p < 0.001). A dose-response relationship of diet quality with all-cause mortality was observed in the total population (P for trend < 0.001, T2 vs. T3 = 1.22 (1.07-1.41), T1 vs. T3 = 1.57 (1.37-1.80)). In stratified analyses, the association was significant for CMD-free individuals (T1 vs. T3 = 1.63 (1.38-1.93)) and for type 2 diabetes patients (1.87 (1.17-3.00)), but not for patients with one CVD (1.39 (0.93-2.08)) or multiple CMDs (1.19 (0.80-1.76)).<br> <b>Conclusions</b>: A high-quality diet can potentially lower all-cause mortality risk in the majority of the ageing population. Its effect may be greatest for CMD-free individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes. Tailored dietary guidelines may be required for patients with extensive histories of CMDs. </p>

Review of the scientific evidence used for establishing US policies on added sugars

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 646-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula R Trumbo
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee has set recommendations to limit added sugars. This action was based on the association between dietary pattern quality scores and chronic disease risk, the results of meta-analyses conducted for the World Health Organization, and data from modeling of dietary patterns for establishing the US Department of Agriculture’s Healthy US-Style Eating Patterns. Recommendations provided by the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans were used by the US Food and Drug Administration to establish, for the first time, the mandatory declaration of added sugars and a Daily Value of added sugars for the Nutrition Facts label. This review provides an overview of the scientific evidence considered by the World Health Organization, the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and the US Food and Drug Administration for setting recent polices and regulations on added sugars and highlights important issues and inconsistencies in the evaluations and interpretations of the evidence.

scholarly journals Reproducibility and validity of a diet quality index for children assessed using a FFQ

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Huybrechts ◽  
Carine Vereecken ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
Stefanie Vandevijvere ◽  
Herman Van Oyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Diet Records ◽  
Repeated Administrations ◽  
Cross Classification

The diet quality index (DQI) for preschool children is a new index developed to reflect compliance with four main food-based dietary guidelines for preschool children in Flanders. The present study investigates: (1) the validity of this index by comparing DQI scores for preschool children with nutrient intakes, both of which were derived from 3 d estimated diet records; (2) the reproducibility of the DQI for preschoolers based on a parentally reported forty-seven-item FFQ DQI, which was repeated after 5 weeks; (3) the relative validity of the FFQ DQI with 3 d record DQI scores as reference. The study sample included 510 and 58 preschoolers (2·5–6·5 years) for validity and reproducibility analyses, respectively. Increasing 3 d record DQI scores were associated with decreasing consumption of added sugars, and increasing intakes of fibre, water, Ca and many micronutrients. Mean FFQ DQI test–retest scores were not significantly different: 72 (sd 11) v. 71 (sd 10) (P = 0·218) out of a maximum of 100. Mean 3 d record DQI score (66 (sd 10)) was significantly lower than mean FFQ DQI (71 (sd 10); P < 0·001). The reproducibility correlation was 0·88. Pearsons correlation (adjusted for within-person variability) between FFQ and 3 d record DQI scores was 0·82. Cross-classification analysis of the FFQ and 3 d record DQI classified 60 % of the subjects in the same category and 3 % in extreme tertiles. Cross-classification of repeated administrations classified 62 % of the subjects in the same category and 3 % in extreme categories. The FFQ-based DQI approach compared well with the 3 d record approach, and it can be used to determine diet quality among preschoolers.

scholarly journals A high content of Slowly Digestible Starch decreases glycemic and insulinemic responses similarly in Asians and Caucasians

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Goux ◽  
Lola Neufcourt ◽  
Olivier Brack ◽  
Fiona Atkinson ◽  
Sophie Vinoy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
Slowly Digestible Starch ◽  
Product Effect

AbstractIntroductionGlucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes are increasing worldwide. Current scientific evidence tends to demonstrate that people with an Asian phenotype have a lower glucose tolerance compared to Caucasian phenotype. In addition, in Caucasian population, consumption of products with a high content of Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) significantly decreases postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses compared to products with a low-SDS content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of consuming products with varying levels of SDS on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses, both in Asian and Caucasian populations.Materials and methodsFive products with varying starch digestibility profiles (determined by the SDS method developed by Englyst) and one glucose solution were tested. A randomized cross-over controlled study was set up in the University of Sydney to study the products’ Glycemic and Insulinemic Indexes (GI and II) and postprandial responses over 2 hours. 12 Caucasian and 12 Asian participants were recruited and consumed 50 g of available carbohydrates from each product (norm ISO-26642(2010)).ResultsAsian participants were 28.0 ± 2.6 yo with a body mass index (BMI) of 21.4 ± 0.3 kg/m2 and Caucasians were 26.0 ± 1.1 yo with a BMI of 22.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2 (no difference between groups). Among the products tested, 3 had a high-SDS content (26 to 28 g SDS / 100g) and 2 had a low-SDS content (0 to 2 g SDS / 100g). GI values for Asian participants ranged between 44 and 54 for high-SDS products (low GI) and were medium (64) or high (90) for low-SDS products. GI values for Caucasian participants ranged between 40 and 48 for high-SDS products (low GI) and between 60 and 79 for low-SDS products. In a statistical model including product effect, ethnicity effect, session effect, and the interaction term product*ethnicity, the product effect was the only significant parameter and products were split according to their SDS content. Furthermore, products with a high-SDS content decrease the glycemic peak value by about 1 mM, both in Asian and Caucasian participants. Consumption of high-SDS products also decreases the insulin demand by 29% and 32% in Asians and Caucasians respectively compared to low-SDS products.DiscussionOur study demonstrates that consumption of products with a high-SDS content similarly decreases the glycemic and insulinemic responses in both Asian and Caucasian participants. This decrease may be beneficial in the long term to prevent metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Breakfast in the United States: Food and Nutrient Intakes in Relation to Diet Quality in National Health and Examination Survey 2011–2014. A Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Drewnowski ◽  
Colin Rehm ◽  
Florent Vieux
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Calcium Iron

The contribution of breakfast to diet quality (DQ) can inform future dietary guidelines. This study examined breakfast nutrition in relation to overall DQ, using dietary data from the first reported day of the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 (n = 14,488). Relative DQ was assessed using the Nutrient Rich Foods Index (NRF9.3) and the USDA Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI 2015). The sample was stratified by NRF9.3 tertiles and by age and socioeconomic groups. Four out of 5 NHANES participants had breakfast on the day of the interview. Breakfast provided 19–22% of dietary energy depending on age. Breakfast intakes of complex carbohydrates and total sugars were proportionately higher and intakes of protein and fats were lower relative to breakfast energy intakes. Breakfast provided more that 20% of daily intakes of B vitamins, vitamins A and D, folate, calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium. Eating breakfast was associated with higher NRF9.3 DQ scores. Breakfasts associated with the top tertile of NRF9.3 scores had less added sugars and fats than those associated with the bottom tertile. Such breakfasts had more fruit and juices, more whole grain products, more milk and yogurt and less meat and eggs. Breakfast patterns and food choices that favored fruit, whole grains and dairy were associated with healthiest diets.

scholarly journals Diet quality score is a predictor of type 2 diabetes risk in women: The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amani Alhazmi ◽  
Elizabeth Stojanovski ◽  
Mark McEvoy ◽  
Wendy Brown ◽  
Manohar L. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Australian Longitudinal Study ◽  
Incident Cases

The present study aimed to determine the ability of two diet quality scores to predict the incidence of type 2 diabetes in women. The study population comprised a nationally representative sample of 8370 Australian middle-aged (45–50 years) women participating in the ALSWH (Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health), who were free of diabetes and completed FFQ at baseline. The associations between the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) and Dietary Guideline Index (DGI) with type 2 diabetes risk were assessed using multiple logistic regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and energy intake. During 6 years of follow-up, 311 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were reported. The DGI score was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk (OR comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of DGI was 0·51; 95 % CI 0·35, 0·76; P for trend = 0·01). There was no statistically significant association between the ARFS and type 2 diabetes risk (OR comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of ARFS was 0·99; 95 % CI 0·68, 1·43; P for trend = 0·42). The results of the present prospective study indicate that the DGI score, which assesses compliance with established dietary guidelines, is predictive of type 2 diabetes risk in Australian women. The risk of type 2 diabetes among women in the highest quintile of DGI was approximately 50 % lower than that in women in the lowest quintile. The ARFS was not significantly predictive of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Usual Intake of Food Pattern Components by U.S. Adolescents: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2015–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
Carrie Martin ◽  
Lois Steinfeldt ◽  
Joseph Goldman ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Usual Intake

Abstract Objectives To estimate the usual, or long-term, adherence to recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), 2015–2020 by U.S. adolescents. Methods The analysis used dietary intake data from What We Eat in America, NHANES, 2015–2018. The sample included 1510 (740 male, 770 female) and 1421 (715 male, 706 female) adolescents age 9–13 yr and 14–18 yr, respectively. USDA's Food Patterns Equivalents Database and the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2015–2016 and 2017–2018 were used to determine the consumption of Food Pattern components, added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium. Usual intake estimates representative of the U.S. population were produced using the National Cancer Institute method and compared to the DGA energy-specific recommendations based on age, sex, and assuming the lowest physical activity level. Results Adolescents age 9–13 yr had significantly (P &lt; 0.001) higher percentages meeting the DGA recommended intake than 14–18 yr for fruit (18% vs 8%) and grains (86% vs 60%). For components to limit, adolescents 9–13 yr had significantly (P &lt; 0.001) lower percentages meeting the DGA recommendation for sodium less than the upper limit (2% vs 13%). When compared by age within sex, females age 9–13 yr had significantly higher percentages meeting the recommended intake than 14–18 yr for dairy (14% vs 4%) and grains (86% vs 55%) and lower percentages meeting the recommendation for sodium less than the upper limit (3% vs 23%). Males age 9–13 yr had significantly higher percentages meeting the recommended intake than age 14–18 yr for fruit (16% vs 4%) and grains (86% vs 65%). Conclusions Although adolescents age 9–13 yr had higher percentages than 14–18 yr meeting select recommended intakes, there was a lower percentage meeting the recommendation for sodium intake. With the exception of intake of grains, less than half of adolescents age 9–13 yr and 14–18 yr met any of the DGA recommendations for intake. These results reinforce the need for age-specific nutrition education. Funding Sources USDA.

scholarly journals Breakfast in the United States: Food and Nutrient Intakes in Relation to Diet Quality in NHANES 2011-2014. A Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative (IBRI)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Drewnowski ◽  
Colin Rehm ◽  
Florent Vieux
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Calcium Iron

Abstract: The contribution of breakfast to diet quality (DQ) can inform future dietary guidelines. This study examined breakfasts that were associated with highest-quality diets. Dietary data came from the first reported day of the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 (n=14,488). DQ measures were the Nutrient Rich Foods Index (NRF9.3) and the USDA Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI 2015). Analyses of breakfast intakes were conducted by NRF9.3 tertiles and by age and socioeconomic groups. Four out of 5 NHANES participants ate breakfast. Breakfast provided 19-22% of dietary energy depending on age. Breakfast intakes of complex carbohydrates and total sugars were higher and intakes of protein and fats were lower relative to energy intakes. Breakfast provided more that 20% of daily intakes of B vitamins, vitamins A and D, folate, calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium. Eating breakfast was associated with higher NRF9.3d scores. Breakfasts associated with top tertile of NRF9.3d had more carbohydrates and less added sugars and fats. Such breakfasts had more fruit and juices, more whole grains, more milk and yogurt and less meat and eggs. Breakfast patterns that favored fruit, whole grains, and dairy were associated with healthiest diets.

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