scholarly journals How Successful Are U.S. Adults at Altering Nutrient Intakes and Meeting Dietary Guideline Recommendations?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1428-1428
Author(s):  
Alexandria Kluger ◽  
Harris Lieberman ◽  
Stefan Pasiakos ◽  
Victor Fulgoni ◽  
Claire Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Special Diet ◽  
Low Salt

Abstract Objectives The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) recommend dietary patterns that limit added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat and emphasize nutrient-dense foods. It is unknown whether individuals who self-report adhering to a diet that alters nutrient intake are, in fact, meeting DGA recommendations. Objective: To compare dietary intakes and adherence to the DGAs in individuals who self-report following a special diet versus those who report following no diet. Methods NHANES 2003–2014 (≥19 y, n = 30,086) data were analyzed to determine % of the population answering yes or no to “Are you on any type of special diet?”. Individuals who answered yes, were further asked, “What kind of diet are you on?” and chose from a list of special diets (e.g., low salt or sodium; sugar free or low sugar). Mean nutrient intakes for each diet population were compared to the population following no diet. Individual usual intakes were estimated to determine the % of the population above or below nutrient-specific DGA recommendations. P < 0.01 was considered significant. Results In U.S. adults, 15.6 ± 0.3% answered yes when asked if they adhere to a special diet. Individuals who reported following a low sugar diet (n = 208) consumed 8.8 ± 0.7% total daily energy from added sugars, which was less than those following no diet (13.8 ± 0.1%; P < 0.01). Of individuals following a low sugar diet, 67 ± 4% met the recommendation to consume <10% energy from added sugar, which was a greater percentage than those following no diet (32 ± 1%; P < 0.01). Individuals who reported following a low salt/sodium diet (n = 580) consumed 3317 ± 110 mg/d sodium, which was less than those following no diet (3657 ± 17 mg/d; P < 0.01). Only 17 ± 2% of individuals following a low salt/sodium diet met recommendations to consume <2300 mg/d sodium, which was a greater percentage than those following no diet (10 ± 0%; P < 0.01). Conclusions American adults who self-report adhering to a low sugar or low salt/sodium diet consume less added sugar and sodium, respectively, than individuals who report following no diet. However, a substantial proportion of individuals following low sugar or low salt/sodium diets are still not meeting DGA recommendations. Funding Sources DMRP/USAMRDC. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect official policy of the Army, DoD, or US Government.

Nutrient Intakes and Dietary Behaviors of Male and Female Collegiate Athletes

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela S. Hinton ◽  
Tiffany C. Sanford ◽  
M. Meghan Davidson ◽  
Oksana F. Yakushko ◽  
Niels C. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Collegiate Athletes

The purpose of this study was to assess the dietary intakes and behaviors of male and female collegiate athletes. Athletes (n = 345) at a NCAA Division I university completed an anonymous questionnaire. T-tests, χ2 statistic and ANOVA were used to assess gender and sport differences. Multiple linear regression was used to assess gender differences in nutrient intakes, controlling for energy intake and to examine the relationships between desired weight change, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes. Only 15% and 26% of athletes had adequate intakes of carbohydrate and protein, respectively, based on recommendations for athletes. Males were more likely to exceed the Dietary Guidelines for fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium than females. Sixty-two percent of female athletes wanted to lose at least 5 lbs compared to 23% of males. The desire to lose weight was associated with decreased energy and macronutrient consumption, but not with inadequate micronutrient intakes.

scholarly journals The healthfulness and prominence of sugar in child-targeted breakfast cereals in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Potvin Kent ◽  
Cher Cameron ◽  
Sarah Philippe
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Breakfast Cereals ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Marketing To Children

Introduction The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional content and healthfulness of child-targeted and “not child-targeted” breakfast cereals and to assess the predominance of added sugar in these products. Methods We collected data on the nutritional content of 262 unique breakfast cereals found in the five largest grocery store chains in Ottawa (Ontario) and Gatineau (Quebec). We noted the first five ingredients and the number of added sugars present in each cereal from the ingredients list. The various cereal brands were then classified as either “healthier” or “less healthy” using the UK Nutrient Profile Model. We assessed each cereal to determine if it was child-targeted or not, based on set criteria. Statistical comparisons were made between child and not child-targeted cereals. Results 19.8% of all breakfast cereals were child-targeted, and these were significantly lower in total and saturated fat. Child-targeted cereals were significantly higher in sodium and sugar and lower in fibre and protein, and were three times more likely to be classified as “less healthy” compared to not child-targeted cereals. No child-targeted cereals were sugar-free, and sugar was the second most common ingredient in 75% of cereals. Six breakfast cereal companies had child-targeted product lines that consisted entirely of “less healthy” cereals. Conclusion There is a need for regulations that restrict food marketing to children and youth under the age of 17 on packaging to reduce their appeal to this age group. Children’s breakfast cereals also need to be reformulated through government-set targets, or through regulation should compliance be deemed unacceptable.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Nutrition Review of Grain-Based Muesli Bars in Australia: An Audit of Supermarket Products

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Curtain ◽  
Sara Grafenauer
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Nutrition Review

Muesli bars are consumed by 16% of children, and 7.5% of adults, and are classified as discretionary in Australian Dietary Guidelines, containing “higher fat and added sugars” compared with core food choices. This study aimed to provide a nutritional overview of grain-based muesli bars, comparing data from 2019 with 2015. An audit of muesli bars, grain-based bars, and oat slices was undertaken in January 2019 (excluding fruit, nut, nutritional supplement, and breakfast bars) from the four major supermarkets in metropolitan Sydney. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for all nutrients on-pack, including whole grain per serve and per 100g. Health Star Rating (HSR) was calculated if not included on-pack. Of all bars (n = 165), 63% were ≤ 600 kJ (268–1958 kJ), 12% were low in saturated fat, 56% were a source of dietary fibre, and none were low in sugar. Two-thirds (66%) were whole grain (≥8 g/serve), with an average of 10 g/serve, 16% of the 48 g Daily Target Intake. HSR featured on 63% of bars (average 3.2), with an overall HSR of 2.7. Compared to 2015, mean sugars declined (26.6 g to 23.7 g/100 g; p < 0.001), and 31% more bars were whole grain (109 up from 60 bars). Although categorised as discretionary, there were significant nutrient differences across grain-based muesli bars. Clearer classification within policy initiatives, including HSR, may assist consumers in choosing products high in whole grain and fibre at the supermarket shelf.

scholarly journals Association of meal timing with dietary quality in a Serbian population sample

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Djuric ◽  
Marina Nikolic ◽  
Milica Zekovic ◽  
Melissa Plegue ◽  
Marija Glibetic
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background The world-wide adoption of Western lifestyles and eating patterns is associated with adverse effects on nutrient intakes. Here we evaluated the relationships between timing of meals and diet quality in Serbia, a Balkan country with a traditional eating pattern that includes the largest meal of the day as a late lunch. Methods A dietary survey was done in the Republic of Serbia using a nationally-representative sample of 74 children and 260 non-pregnant adults. Nutrient intakes were calculated from two 24-h recalls. A Dietary Quality Score (DQS) enumerated how many European Union (EU) Science Hub recommendations were met for fruit and vegetables, fiber, saturated fat, sodium, and sugar. We evaluated whether the timing of dietary intakes is associated with DQS and body mass index. Results The dietary intakes of children ages 10–17 and adults were similar and were high in total fat intake, with an average of 40% of energy from fat. Mean fruit and vegetable intakes of 473 g/day in adults exceeded the minimal EU recommendation. The most worrisome aspects of the Serbian diet were high intakes of saturated fat, sugar and sodium. Lunch was the meal with the highest mean content of energy, followed by breakfast and dinner, and the average time for lunch was 15:15. Consumption of a higher percentage of calories before 16:00 in adults was associated with higher fruit and vegetable intakes and with higher DQS. The subgroup of adults consuming their largest meal after 20:00 had a lower mean age, more men, and a larger percentage was employed outside of the home. There were no associations of meal timing with BMI, but the prevalence of obesity in this population sample was only 13%. Conclusions These results indicate that an earlier meal pattern, and especially consuming the largest meal of the day earlier in the day, was associated with better quality diets. Public health efforts are needed to preserve nutrient intakes as the population shifts away from the traditional Serbian eating pattern. Long-term, deterioration of nutrient intakes could contribute to the increasing rates of obesity that have been observed in Serbia and world-wide.

scholarly journals Does the diet of Tehranian adults ensure compliance with nutritional targets? Observations from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1539-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani ◽  
Mahsa Jessri ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Mahboubeh Sadeghi ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Compliance ◽  
Fibre Intake

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse dietary compliance with WHO/FAO nutritional objectives, identify food subgroups that contribute to discrepancies between dietary intakes and recommendations, and assess food patterns and risk factor profiles at common nutritional targets.DesignThe study was a population-based, cross-sectional assessment of the dietary patterns of Tehranian adults. Usual dietary intake was assessed in relation to common nutritional targets of public health (fat, saturated fat, dietary fibre, fruit and vegetables) using a validated FFQ. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors were diagnosed based on the Iranian-modified diagnostic criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.SettingThe Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2005–2008).SubjectsA total of 2510 individuals (1121 men and 1389 women), aged between 19 and 70 years.ResultsGenerally, 68·5 % of total grain ounce-equivalents were derived from refined grains, with rice making up 36·6 % of all grains consumed. Solid fat (61·1 %) contributed more to discretionary energy than did added sugars (38·9 %). There was a twofold difference in fruit and vegetable consumption between the lowest and highest quartile categories of dietary fibre intake. The probability of having MetS was significantly lower in the highest quartile of fibre intake v. the lowest (OR = 0·69, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·84 v. OR = 0·92, 95 % CI 0·80, 1·03; P -trend < 0·001), whereas it was higher in the highest quartile of SFA intake v. the lowest (OR = 0·92, 95 % CI 0·78, 0·98 v. OR = 0·71, 95 % CI 0·62, 0·89; P-trend = 0·01).ConclusionsComplying with common nutritional targets of public health is inversely associated with MetS risk factors in Tehranian adults. These results may initiate measures for future development of regional food-based dietary guidelines.

Dietary intakes and anthropometric measures of Indigenous Australian women and their infants in the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ashman ◽  
C. E. Collins ◽  
L. J. Weatherall ◽  
L. Keogh ◽  
L. J. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional

Indigenous Australians continue to experience disparities in chronic diseases, many of which have nutrition-related trajectories. Optimal nutrition throughout the lifespan is protective for a number of adverse health outcomes, however little is known about current dietary intakes and related anthropometric outcomes of Indigenous women and their infants. Research is required to identify nutrition issues to target for health promotion activities. The Gomeroi gaaynggal programme is an ongoing, prospective cohort of pregnant Indigenous Australian women and their children. A cross-sectional examination of postnatal dietary intakes and anthropometric outcomes of mothers and children are reported. To date, 73 mother–child dyads have participatedpostpartum. Breastfeeding initiation was 85.9% and median (interquartile range) duration of any breastfeeding was 1.4 (0.5–4.0) months. Infants were introduced to solid foods at 5.0 months (4.0–6.0) and cow’s milk at 12.0 (10.0–13.0) months. At 12 monthspostpartum, 66.7% of women were overweight or obese, 63.7% at 2 years. Compared with recommendations, reported median maternal nutrient intakes from 24-h recall were low in fibre, folate, iodine, calcium, potassium and vitamin D and high in proportions of energy from total and saturated fat. Limitations of this study include a small sample size and incomplete data for the cohort at each time point. Preliminary data from this ongoing cohort of Indigenous Australian women and children suggest that women may need support to optimize nutrient intakes and to attain a healthy body weight for themselves and their children.

scholarly journals Dietary Sugar Intake and Its Association with Obesity in Children and Adolescents

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Emmanuella Magriplis ◽  
George Michas ◽  
Evgenia Petridi ◽  
George P. Chrousos ◽  
Eleftheria Roma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

Sugar intake has been associated with increased prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity; however, results remain controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the probability of overweight/obesity with higher sugar intakes, accounting for other dietary intakes. Data from 1165 children and adolescents aged ≥2–18 years (66.8% males) enrolled in the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS) were used; specifically, 781 children aged 2–11 years and 384 adolescents 12–18 years. Total and added sugar intake were assessed using two 24 h recalls (24 hR). Foods were categorized into specific food groups to evaluate the main foods contributing to intakes. A significant proportion of children (18.7%) and adolescents (24.5%) exceeded the recommended cut-off of 10% of total energy intake from added sugars. Sweets (29.8%) and processed/refined grains and cereals (19.1%) were the main sources of added sugars in both age groups, while in adolescents, the third main contributor was sugar-sweetened beverages (20.6%). Being overweight or obese was 2.57 (p = 0.002) and 1.77 (p = 0.047) times more likely for intakes ≥10% of total energy from added sugars compared to less <10%, when accounting for food groups and macronutrient intakes, respectively. The predicted probability of becoming obese was also significant with higher total and added-sugar consumption. We conclude that high consumption of added sugars increased the probability for overweight/obesity among youth, irrespectively of other dietary or macronutrient intakes.

scholarly journals Eating Behaviors and Dietary Intakes of Older Adults: What We Eat in America, NHANES 2015–2016 (FS02-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna Moshfegh ◽  
Anne Garceau ◽  
John Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Objectives It is estimated that the number of older individuals in the U.S. will nearly double between 2020 and 2050 to over 80 million. This research examines eating behaviors and dietary intakes of older adults. Methods Nationally representative day 1 dietary data from 1684 adults ages 60+ participating in What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES 2015–2016 were analyzed to estimate eating pattern behaviors and dietary intakes. The interviewer-administered 5-step USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM) was used to collect the 24-hour dietary recall. The WWEIA Food Categories were used to estimate the percentage who consumed vegetables or fruits. The Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED) was used to calculate added sugars intake. Results On any given day, almost all older adults reported eating breakfast (92%) and dinner (94%) and fewer ate lunch (78%); two-thirds reported all three meals. Snacks were consumed by 94%, most commonly 3 to 4 times per day, and provided 20% of daily mean energy intake. In relation to energy, snacks provided more of the daily intakes of caffeine (33%), total sugar (32%), carbohydrates (23%), and calcium (21%). More than 2/3 of older adults consumed a vegetable, 1/3 of which were white potatoes, such as French fried, mashed, or baked potatoes. A fruit was reported by just over half of older adults, the most common being bananas (16%), followed by apples (12%), berries (11%), citrus (9%), melons (8%), and grapes (5%). Four out of ten older adults consumed at least one food or beverage from a restaurant and among these individuals, intake at restaurants provided 42% of their daily energy intake and about half of daily intakes of fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Mean daily intakes of added sugars and saturated fat each provided 12% of daily energy intake, exceeding the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations of less than 10% of calories per day from each, as did sodium with mean daily intake of 3091 mg, exceeding the recommendation of less than 2300 mg. Conclusions With the number and proportion of older adults increasing in the U.S., understanding their eating behaviors and dietary intakes can inform strategies for well-being during this life stage. Funding Sources USDA, Agricultural Research Service.

scholarly journals Food sources of sodium, saturated fat, and added sugar in the Physical Activity and Nutrition for Diabetes in Alberta (PANDA) trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1270-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Asaad ◽  
Catherine B. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake

Diabetic patients may find it difficult to achieve recommended nutrient intakes embedded within dietary guidelines. The objective of this analysis was to document total sodium, saturated fat, and added sugar intake as well as the main food sources of these nutrients in Canadian adults with type 2 diabetes before and after an intervention focused on healthy eating. Participants were enrolled in a single-arm dietary intervention trial designed to improve glycemic control and adherence to dietary recommendations. A 4-week menu plan and recipes were provided for participants along with a 6-week educational curriculum. Three repeated 24-h dietary recalls were collected at baseline and 3 months. Food sources of sodium, saturated fat, and added sugar were a secondary outcome derived from the dietary recalls. After 3 months, there was a reduction (p < 0.05) in sodium intake of 561 mg/day, which was mainly due to reduced consumption of processed meats, soups, and condiments. Significantly lower intake of processed meat contributed to –2.9 g/day saturated fat intake (p < 0.1) while added sugar intake declined by 7 g/day (p < 0.1), which was due to lower consumption of baked goods/desserts and chocolate (both p < 0.05). The intervention was beneficial for type 2 diabetes patients in terms of changing dietary habits. However, the majority of the participants still exceeded the dietary guidelines for sodium and saturated fat. In addition to the efforts of individuals and their healthcare providers, strategies to increase the nutritional quality of prepared foods could provide widespread benefits.

scholarly journals Energy and Nutrient Intake of Americans according to Meeting Current Dairy Recommendations

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Hess ◽  
Christopher J. Cifelli ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni III
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Using Data

Most Americans do not meet dairy food recommendations from the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). This study assesses differences in nutrient intake between Americans who meet recommendations for dairy intake and those who do not, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 (n = 5670 children ages 2–18 years and n = 10,112 adults ages 19+). Among children and adults, those meeting dairy food recommendations were significantly more likely to have adequate intake (% above Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)) of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and zinc and consume above the Adequate Intake (AI) for potassium and choline than Americans not meeting dairy recommendations, regardless of age, sex, or race/ethnicity. Americans meeting dairy recommendations were also more likely to exceed recommendations for sodium and saturated fat but consume less added sugars. Nearly 60% of Americans 2 years and older not meeting dairy recommendations consumed calcium and magnesium below the EAR. Only about 20% of Americans who did not meet dairy recommendations consumed above the AI for potassium. Dairy foods make important and unique contributions to dietary patterns, and it can be difficult to meet nutrient needs without consuming recommended amounts of dairy foods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document