scholarly journals Intrauterine Exposure to Vitamin B12 and Folate Imbalance and Brain Structure in Young Adults of the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study (PMNS) Birth Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 894-894
Author(s):  
Rishikesh Behere ◽  
Gopikrishna Deshpande ◽  
Apurva Shah ◽  
Naomi Dsouza ◽  
Chittaranjan Yajnik
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Intrauterine Exposure ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Subcortical Volumes

Abstract Objectives Intrauterine nutritional exposures to vitamin B12 and folate are known to influence neurodevelopment. We tested the hypothesis that intrauterine exposure to high folate in presence of low vitamin B12 is associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in young adult offspring. Methods PMNS is a preconceptional birth cohort in its 24th year of follow up. We examined Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and obtained brain structural MPRAGE T1 sequence on a 3T MRI Scanner [participants selected based on exposure to maternal B12 at 18 wk pregnancy <103 PM(Low maternal B12 group n = 97) and >175 pM (high maternal B12 group, n = 93)]. Brain morphometric measurements (cortical volumes, thickness and subcortical volumes) were performed on Freesurfer software. Results The mean age of participants was 22.3 ± 0.5 years (n = 190, 96 boys). High maternal B12 group showed greater cortical thickness in temporal regions (P < 0.001) and cortical thinning in frontal regions (P < 0.01). Higher maternal folate (median Red Cell Folate at 28 wk pregnancy 420 ng/ml) was associated with greater frontal cortical volumes in the high maternal B12 group but cortical thinning in multiple temporal and parietal cortical areas in the low B12 group(P < 0.05). There was a significant interaction between maternal B12 and folate status in relation to subcortical volumes. Exposure to higher maternal folate was associated with greater subcortical volume in high B12 group but lower volumes in low B12 group (P = 0.02, adjusted for age, education, gender and total intracranial volume). Higher IQ score was associated with larger subcortical brain volume (r = 0.34, P < 0.001) in the offspring. Conclusions Intrauterine exposure to higher maternal folate in the presence of low vitamin B12 was associated with poorer cortical development in young adult offspring. Higher maternal folate with adequate B12 benefits subcortical brain development which reflects in higher IQ score. Optimizing maternal vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy would benefit neurocognitive development in the offspring. Funding Sources DBT Wellcome India Alliance Clinical and Public Health Intermediate Fellowship.

scholarly journals Does maternal smoking during pregnancy predict the smoking patterns of young adult offspring? A birth cohort study

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Al Mamun ◽  
F. V O'Callaghan ◽  
R. Alati ◽  
M. O'Callaghan ◽  
J. M Najman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking Patterns ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

scholarly journals Depression and Vegetarians: Association between Dietary Vitamin B6, B12 and Folate Intake and Global and Subcortical Brain Volumes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1790
Author(s):  
Samuel Berkins ◽  
Helgi Birgir Schiöth ◽  
Gull Rukh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Depression Status

Deficiency of vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, mostly in vegetarians, is found to be associated with depression and adverse neurological function. We investigated whether vitamin B6, B12, and folate have an effect on brain structure, especially among depressed people who follow a specific diet. The study sample comprised 9426 participants from the UK Biobank cohort with a mean age of 62.4 years. A generalized linear model controlling for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, town send deprivation index, educational qualification, smoking, and alcohol intake was used to test the association between study groups and structural brain volumes. Depression was more prevalent, and intake of vitamin B6 and B12 was lower among vegetarians, while non-vegetarians had a lower intake of folate. Overall, no significant association was observed between vitamin B6, B12, and folate intakes and both global and subcortical brain volumes among participants with depression. However, vitamin B12 intake was positively associated with right pallidum among non-depressed participants, and a significant interaction between vitamin B12 intake and depression status on the right pallidum was observed. Also, a significant interaction between folate intake and depression status on grey matter (GM) volume and left thalamus was observed. Upon diet stratification, folate intake is associated with total brain volume and GM volume among vegetarians with depression. Furthermore, no significant associations were observed for subcortical regions. Our findings suggest that dietary intake of vitamin B6 and B12 might have an effect on brain structure. Vegetarians, particularly those who suffer from depression may benefit from supplementing their diets with vitamins B6, B12, and folate to ensure brain health. Further studies, especially with a larger sample size and longitudinal design, are needed to confirm these findings.

High-caloric or isocaloric maternal high-fat diets differently affect young-adult offspring behavior in anxiety-related tests and offspring sensitivity to acute fluoxetine

2021 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 113141
Author(s):  
Carolina Cadete Lucena Cavalcanti ◽  
Raquel Da Silva Aragão ◽  
Erika Vanesa Cadena-Burbano ◽  
Thaynan Raquel dos Prazeres Oliveira ◽  
Jacqueline Maria Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Association between body mass index and subcortical brain volumes in bipolar disorders–ENIGMA study in 2735 individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. McWhinney ◽  
◽  
Christoph Abé ◽  
Martin Alda ◽  
Francesco Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Subcortical Volumes

AbstractIndividuals with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently suffer from obesity, which is often associated with neurostructural alterations. Yet, the effects of obesity on brain structure in BD are under-researched. We obtained MRI-derived brain subcortical volumes and body mass index (BMI) from 1134 BD and 1601 control individuals from 17 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the effects of BD and BMI on subcortical volumes using mixed-effects modeling and tested for mediation of group differences by obesity using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models controlled for age, sex, hemisphere, total intracranial volume, and data collection site. Relative to controls, individuals with BD had significantly higher BMI, larger lateral ventricular volume, and smaller volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus. BMI was positively associated with ventricular and amygdala and negatively with pallidal volumes. When analyzed jointly, both BD and BMI remained associated with volumes of lateral ventricles  and amygdala. Adjusting for BMI decreased the BD vs control differences in ventricular volume. Specifically, 18.41% of the association between BD and ventricular volume was mediated by BMI (Z = 2.73, p = 0.006). BMI was associated with similar regional brain volumes as BD, including lateral ventricles, amygdala, and pallidum. Higher BMI may in part account for larger ventricles, one of the most replicated findings in BD. Comorbidity with obesity could explain why neurostructural alterations are more pronounced in some individuals with BD. Future prospective brain imaging studies should investigate whether obesity could be a modifiable risk factor for neuroprogression.

scholarly journals Diarrheal Pathogens Associated with Growth and Neurodevelopment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R Donowitz ◽  
Jeannie Drew ◽  
Mami Taniuchi ◽  
James A Platts-Mills ◽  
Masud Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Typical Epec ◽  
Toddler Development ◽  
Pathogen Burden

Abstract Background Diarrheal pathogens have been associated with linear growth deficits. The effect of diarrheal pathogens on growth is likely due to inflammation which also adversely affects neurodevelopment. We hypothesized that diarrheagenic pathogens would be negatively associated with both growth and neurodevelopment. Methods We conducted a longitudinal birth cohort study of 250 children with diarrheal surveillance and measured pathogen burden in diarrheal samples using quantitative PCR. Pathogen attributable fraction estimates (AFe) of diarrhea over the first two years of life, corrected for socioeconomic variables, were used to predict both growth and scores on the Bayley III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Results 180 children were analyzed for growth and 162 for neurodevelopmental outcomes. Rotavirus, Campylobacter, and Shigella were the leading causes of diarrhea in year 1 while Shigella, Campylobacter, and ST-ETEC were the leading causes in year 2. Norovirus was the only pathogen associated with LAZ at 24 months and was positively associated (RC 0.42, CI 0.04, 0.80). Norovirus (RC 2.46, CI 0.05 – 4.87) was also positively associated with cognitive scores while sapovirus (RC -2.64, CI -4.80 – -0.48) and Typical EPEC (RC -4.14, CI -8.02 – -0.27) were inversely associated. No pathogens were associated with language or motor scores. Significant maternal, socioeconomic, and perinatal predictors were identified for both growth and neurodevelopment. Conclusion Maternal, prenatal, and socioeconomic factors were common predictors of growth and neurodevelopment. Only a limited number of diarrheal pathogens were associated with these outcomes.

Maternal Glycemia during pregnancy and Early Offspring Development: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Jun Xie ◽  
Xue-chun Jiao ◽  
Shuang-shuang Ma ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Maternal Glucose Levels ◽  
Prospective Birth Cohort ◽  
Maternal Glucose ◽  
Prospective Birth Cohort Study

Abstract Context The association of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with neurodevelopmental outcomes remains controversial and evidence that maternal increasing levels of glucose during pregnancy associated with the risk for impaired neurodevelopment were limited. Objective To identify the continuous association of increasing maternal glucose levels with neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring and explore the potential contribution of cord metabolites to this association. Methods The prospective birth cohort study included 1036 mother-child pairs. Primary predictors were maternal exposure GDM and maternal glucose values at a 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks during pregnancy. Primary neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 mo in offspring were assessed by the ASQ-3. Results Maternal GDM was associated with failing the communication domain in offspring in the adjusted models [RR with 95% CI: 1.97(1.11, 3.52)]. Increasing levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 1 h plasma glucose (1-h PG) and 2 h plasma glucose (2-h PG) with one SD change were at higher risks in failing the personal social domain of ASQ [RRs with 95% CI for FPG: 1.49(1.09, 2.04); for 1-h PG: 1.70(1.27, 2.29); for 2-h PG: 1.36(1.01, 1.84)]. The linear association was also demonstrated. Compared with girls, boys exposed to higher maternal glucose levels were inclined to the failure of the personal social domain. Mediation analysis showed the contribution of maternal GDM to failure of communication domain mediated by C-peptide. Conclusions Maternal glucose levels below those diagnostic of diabetes are continuously associated with impaired neurodevelopment in offspring at 12 mo.

Postweaning administration of aqueous leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium may improve obesity indices in young adult offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Okekem Amadi ◽  
DeborahB Adeniyi ◽  
NkiruA Katchy ◽  
Vivian Nwannadi ◽  
PrincewillIkechukwu Ugwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Obesity Indices ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

scholarly journals Association between maternal shift work and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes: results from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study with propensity-score-matching analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1545-1555
Author(s):  
Chih-Fu Wei ◽  
Mei-Huei Chen ◽  
Ching-Chun Lin ◽  
Yueliang Leon Guo ◽  
Shio-Jean Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Taiwan Birth Cohort Study

Abstract Background Maternal shift work is associated with preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age new-borns, childhood obesity and future behavioural problems. However, the adverse effects on and interactions of maternal shift work with infant neurodevelopment remain uncertain. Therefore, we examined the associations between maternal-shift-work status and infant neurodevelopmental parameters. Methods The Taiwan Birth Cohort Study is a nationwide birth cohort study following representatively sampled mother–infant pairs in 2005. The participants’ development and exposure conditions were assessed by home interviews with structured questionnaires at 6 and 18 months of age. Propensity scores were calculated with predefined covariates for 1:1 matching. Multivariate conditional logistic regression and the Cox proportional-hazards model were used to examine the association between maternal-shift-work status and infant neurodevelopmental-milestone-achievement status. Results In this study, 5637 term singletons were included, with 2098 cases selected in the propensity-score-matched subpopulation. Persistent maternal shift work was associated with increased risks of delays in gross-motor neurodevelopmental milestones [aOR = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.76 for walking steadily], fine-motor neurodevelopmental milestones (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07–1.80 for scribbling) and social neurodevelopmental milestones (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03–1.76 for coming when called upon). Moreover, delayed gross-motor and social development were identified in the propensity-score-matched sub-cohort. Conclusions This study shows negative associations between maternal shift work and delayed neurodevelopmental-milestone achievement in the gross-motor, fine-motor and social domains at 18 months. Future research is necessary to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms and long-term health effects.

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