Depression and Vegetarians: Association between Dietary Vitamin B6, B12 and Folate Intake and Global and Subcortical Brain Volumes

Deficiency of vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, mostly in vegetarians, is found to be associated with depression and adverse neurological function. We investigated whether vitamin B6, B12, and folate have an effect on brain structure, especially among depressed people who follow a specific diet. The study sample comprised 9426 participants from the UK Biobank cohort with a mean age of 62.4 years. A generalized linear model controlling for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, town send deprivation index, educational qualification, smoking, and alcohol intake was used to test the association between study groups and structural brain volumes. Depression was more prevalent, and intake of vitamin B6 and B12 was lower among vegetarians, while non-vegetarians had a lower intake of folate. Overall, no significant association was observed between vitamin B6, B12, and folate intakes and both global and subcortical brain volumes among participants with depression. However, vitamin B12 intake was positively associated with right pallidum among non-depressed participants, and a significant interaction between vitamin B12 intake and depression status on the right pallidum was observed. Also, a significant interaction between folate intake and depression status on grey matter (GM) volume and left thalamus was observed. Upon diet stratification, folate intake is associated with total brain volume and GM volume among vegetarians with depression. Furthermore, no significant associations were observed for subcortical regions. Our findings suggest that dietary intake of vitamin B6 and B12 might have an effect on brain structure. Vegetarians, particularly those who suffer from depression may benefit from supplementing their diets with vitamins B6, B12, and folate to ensure brain health. Further studies, especially with a larger sample size and longitudinal design, are needed to confirm these findings.

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Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to Diabetes Incidence among American Young Adults: A 30-year Follow-up Study

10.2337/figshare.12616391.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jie Zhu ◽

Cheng Chen ◽

Liping Lu ◽

Kefeng Yang ◽

Jared Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Folate Intake ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Diabetes Incidence ◽

Dietary History ◽

Incident Cases

OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in relation to diabetes incidence in a large U.S. cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 4,704 American adults aged 18-30 years and without diabetes were enrolled in 1985-86 and followed until 2015-16 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Dietary assessment was conducted by a validated dietary-history questionnaire at baseline, in 1992-93 and 2005-06. The cumulative average intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 were used in the analyses. Incident diabetes was ascertained by plasma glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, hemoglobin A1C concentrations, and/or anti-diabetic medications. RESULTS During 30 years (mean = 20.5±8.9 years) follow-up, 655 incident cases of diabetes occurred. Intake of folate, but not vitamin B6 or vitamin B12, was inversely associated with diabetes incidence after adjustment for potential confounders. Compared to the lowest quintile of total folate intake, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) in quintile 2 to 5 were 0.85 (0.67-1.08), 0.78 (0.60-1.02), 0.82 (0.62-1.09), and 0.70 (0.51-0.97); Ptrend = 0.02. Higher folate intake was also associated with lower plasma homocysteine (Ptrend <0.01) and insulin (Ptrend <0.01). Among supplement users, folate intake was inversely associated with serum C-reactive protein levels (Ptrend <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Intake of folate in young adulthood was inversely associated with diabetes incidence in midlife among Americans. The observed association may be partially explained by mechanisms related to homocysteine level, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inﬂammation.

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Associations of dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with the risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nutrition Reviews ◽

10.1093/nutrit/nuab014 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanjun Wu ◽

Liming Zhang ◽

Suyun Li ◽

Dongfeng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin B1 ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Vitamin B2 ◽

Fixed Effects Model

Abstract Context The results from epidemiologic studies on the intake of dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 and association with risk of developing depression have been inconsistent. Objective The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the existing evidence and synthesize the results. Data Sources The databases of Web of Science and PubMed were searched for relevant articles published in English until September 2020. Study Selection Observational studies that evaluated the associations between depression and dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 were included in this study. Data Extraction The job of data extraction was undertaken by 2 authors, and the pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model. Results Thirteen articles related to 18 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled RR (95% CI) of depression for the highest vs the lowest category of dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 was 0.69 (0.55–0.87), 0.77 (0.67–0.89), 0.81 (0.71–0.93), and 0.86 (0.75–0.99), respectively. The pooled RR (95% CI) of depression for the highest vs the lowest category of dietary vitamin B2 was 0.80 (0.64–0.99) in females and 0.83 (0.67–1.02) in males, for dietary vitamin B6 was 0.71 (0.59–0.86) in females and 0.92 (0.76–1.12) in males, and for dietary vitamin B12 was 0.79 (0.65–0.97) in females and 0.94 (0.77–1.15) in males. Conclusion This study suggested that the intake of dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 may be inversely associated with the risk of depression; the inverse associations observed between depression and intake of dietary vitamin B2, B6, and B12 were significant in females, but not in males. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

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Associations of dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate equivalent intakes with metabolic syndrome

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition ◽

10.1080/09637486.2020.1719390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 738-749 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yanjun Wu ◽

Suyun Li ◽

Weijing Wang ◽

Dongfeng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Vitamin B1 ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Vitamin B2

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Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to Diabetes Incidence among American Young Adults: A 30-year Follow-up Study

10.2337/figshare.12616391 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jie Zhu ◽

Cheng Chen ◽

Liping Lu ◽

Kefeng Yang ◽

Jared Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Folate Intake ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Diabetes Incidence ◽

Dietary History ◽

Incident Cases

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The Vitamins Involved in One-Carbon Metabolisms are Associated with Reduced Risk of Breast Cancer in Overall and Subtypes

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (1-2) ◽

pp. 131-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mahshid Hatami ◽

Farhad Vahid ◽

Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari ◽

Mahya Sadeghi ◽

Fatemeh Ameri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Carbon Metabolism ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Folate Intake ◽

Her2 Status ◽

Total Intake ◽

One Carbon Metabolism ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Some micronutrients like folate, vitamin B12, B6, and B2 are the source of coenzymes, which participate in one-carbon metabolism. Any disruption in this metabolism can interfere with DNA replication, repair and regulation of gene expression and ultimately promote the likelihood of carcinogenesis. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the intakes of micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism with breast cancer (BrCa) and its subtype’s odds. Methods: Nutrients’ intake from diet and supplements were collected through interviewing 151 cases and 154 controls by a 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between dietary and/or total intake of studied nutrients and odds of BrCa and its subtypes. Results: After adjusting the effects of confounding variables in the models, the odds of BrCa was significantly lower in the highest intake quartile compared with the lowest quartile for total intake of vitamin B2 (OR = 0.17, 95% CI, 0.07–0.39; Ptrend < 0.001), vitamin B6 (OR = 0.11, 95% CI, 0.05–0.27; Ptrend < 0.001), vitamin B12 (OR = 0.20, 95% CI, 0.09–0.43; Ptrend < 0.001) and folate (OR = 0.09, 95% CI, 0.04–0.21; Ptrend < 0.001). Also, those with the highest quartile of vitamin B6, B12, B2 and folate intake compared with the lowest quartile were less likely to develop estrogen receptor (ER)+ and progesterone receptor (PR)+ subtypes, ER- status, PR- and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ subtypes and HER2- status. Conclusion: High intakes of vitamins B2, B6 and folate are associated with reduced odds of BrCa in overall and all ER, PR and HER2 subtypes. Also, high intakes of vitamin B12 reduced the odds of all subtypes of BrCa except ER- subtype.

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Subcortical brain structure in children with developmental coordination disorder: A T1-weighted volumetric study

Brain Imaging and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s11682-021-00502-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melody N. Grohs ◽

Catherine Lebel ◽

Helen L. Carlson ◽

Brandon T. Craig ◽

Deborah Dewey

Keyword(s):

Brain Structure ◽

Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Brain Morphology ◽

Motor Deficits ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Subcortical Brain ◽

Subcortical Brain Structure ◽

Coordination Disorder

AbstractDevelopmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder occurring in 5–6% of school-aged children. Converging evidence suggests that dysfunction within cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar networks may contribute to motor deficits in DCD, yet limited research has examined the brain morphology of these regions. Using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging the current study investigated cortical and subcortical volumes in 37 children with DCD, aged 8 to 12 years, and 48 controls of a similar age. Regional brain volumes of the thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum and primary motor and sensory cortices were extracted using the FreeSurfer recon-all pipeline and compared between groups. Reduced volumes within both the left and right pallidum (Left: F = 4.43, p = 0.039; Right: F = 5.24, p = 0.025) were observed in children with DCD; however, these results did not withstand correction for multiple comparisons. These findings provide preliminary evidence of altered subcortical brain structure in DCD. Future studies that examine the morphology of these subcortical regions are highly encouraged in order replicate these findings.

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Associations of dietary B vitamins intakes with depression in adults

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000720 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanjun Wu ◽

Suyun Li ◽

Weijing Wang ◽

Dongfeng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Vitamin B1 ◽

B Vitamins ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Vitamin B2 ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The People ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Background: The impact of the dietary B vitamins intakes on the development of depression has been scarcely investigated. Thus, this study aimed to examine the associations of dietary B vitamins intakes with the risk of depression in American adults. Methods: The data we used in this study were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014. We used the Logistic regression models to analyze the associations of the dietary intakes of B vitamins with the risk of depression. Results: 17,732 individuals (8,623 males and 9,109 females) were enrolled in the study and they were all 18 or older. Compared to the lowest quartile of dietary intake, the ORs (95%CIs) of the highest quartile were 0.64 (0.50–0.82), 0.78 (0.62–0.97), 0.60 (0.47–0.78), 0.65 (0.50–0.84), and 0.71 (0.54–0.95) for vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, respectively. Compared to the people whose dietary intakes below the RDA in the model 2, those with intake meeting the RDA of vitamin B1 (OR: 0.68; 95%CI: 0.56–0.84), niacin (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.51–0.81), B6 (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.52–0.81), or B12 (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.48–0.88) had a lower risk of depression, severally. We also found a nonlinear negative association between dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intakes and the risk of depression in the dose-response analyses, severally. Conclusions: Our results suggested that dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intakes may be inversely associated with the risk of depression.

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Diagnostik und Therapie der Homocystinurie

Kinder- und Jugendmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1628930 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 09 (05) ◽

pp. 289-293

Author(s):

B. Reulecke ◽

J. Denecke

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Sich Eine ◽

Diagnostik Und Therapie

ZusammenfassungDie Homocystinurie ist eine seltene angeborene Erkrankung des Methioninstoffwechsels, die mit einer pathologischen Erhöhung der nicht proteinogenen Aminosäure Homocystein und der Ausscheidung ihres Disulfids Homocystin über den Urin einhergeht. Mehrere biochemische und genetische Defekte können zu einer deutlichen Homocysteinerhö-hung führen, darunter Störungen des Vita-min-B6-, Folsäure- und Vitamin-B12-Stoffwechsels, sodass der Terminus Homocystinurie eine Erkrankungsgruppe zusammenfasst. Die häufigste Ursache der Homocystinurie, auch klassische Homocystinurie oder Homo-cystinurie Typ I genannt, stellt die hereditäre Cystathionin-β-Synthase-Defizienz dar, die mit einer Erhöhung von Homocystein und Methionin im Blut einhergeht. Die Diagnose wird durch Bestimmung von Homocystein im Plasma gestellt und kann biochemisch und genetisch gesichert werden. Unbehandelt zeigen sich eine erhebliche Morbidität und Mortalität, die durch Ausschöpfung der therapeutischen Optionen, bestehend aus Vitamin B6, Folsäure, Vitamin B12, Betain und einer Proteinrestriktion mit Aminosäuresupplementie-rung, erheblich reduziert werden können.

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