scholarly journals Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Fasting Serum Uric Acid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1011-1011
Author(s):  
Sabrina Ayoub-Charette ◽  
Laura Chiavaroli ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Tauseef Khan ◽  
Andreea Zurbau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives Fructose as a source of excess calories increases uric acid. Whether this effect is mediated by the food matrix at different levels of energy is unknown. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials on the effect of food sources of fructose-containing sugars at different energy levels on uric acid (NCT02716870). Methods MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched through January 27, 2020 for controlled trials ≥7-days assessing the effect of food sources of fructose-containing sugars on uric acid. Trial designs were prespecified based on energy control: substitution (energy matched replacement of sugars by other macronutrients); addition (excess energy from sugars added to diets); subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted from diets); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced by other macronutrients) trials. Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Results Eligibility was met by 41 trials (72 trial comparisons, N = 2109) assessing the effect of 9 food sources (sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs], sweetened dairy, fruit drink [lemonade], 100% fruit juice, fruit, dried fruit [raisins], baked goods desserts and sweets, added nutritive [caloric] sweetener and mixed sources) across the 4 energy levels. Total fructose-containing sugars increased uric acid in substitution trials (mean difference, 0.15 mg/dL [95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.27 mg/dL], P = 0.012) with no effect in addition, subtraction or ad libitum trials. There was evidence of interaction by food source with SSBs and baked goods, desserts and sweets increasing uric acid in substitution and SSBs increasing and 100% fruit juice decreasing uric acid in addition trials. The overall certainty of evidence was moderate for the increasing effect of SSBs in substitution and addition trials and low to very low for all other comparisons. Conclusions Food source more than energy control mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on uric acid. SSBs and baked goods, desserts and sweets appear to increase, and 100% fruit juice appear to decrease uric acid. More high-quality trials of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars are needed to improve our estimates. Funding Sources Diabetes Canada.

scholarly journals Important Food Sources of Sugars and Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1620-1620
Author(s):  
Annette Cheung ◽  
Danielle Lee ◽  
Nema McGlynn ◽  
Sabrina Ayoub-Charette ◽  
Fei Au-Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Energy Control ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been linked to weight gain, and it is unclear if other food sources of fructose-containing sugars behave similarily. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials to assess the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars on body weight. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane library were searched through January 2019. We included controlled feeding trials of ≥2 weeks investigating the effect of different food sources of sugars. Four levels of energy control were prespecified: substitution (energy-matched comparisons); addition (energy from sugars added to diet); subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted from diet); or ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced). The primary outcome was body weight. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Data were pooled using random effects models and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). GRADE assessed the certainty of evidence. Results We identified 110 controlled trials (N = 5133) assessing the effect of 7 different food sources of fructose-containing sugars (SSBs, fruit, fruit juice, dried fruit; baked goods, sweets, & desserts; mixed sources; added caloric sweeteners). No effect on body weight was observed in substitution trials, whereas there was an increasing effect in addition trials (MD, 0.23 kg [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.40]) and ad libitum trials (1.43 kg [0.78 to 2.16]), and a decreasing effect in subtraction trials (–0.52 kg [–1.02 to −0.02]). There was evidence of interaction by food source with fruit showing weight loss in substitution trials and SSBs showing weight gain in addition trials. The certainty of evidence was moderate for the effects in the addition and subtraction trials and high for the effects in the substitution and ad libitum trials. Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on body weight. Food sources of fructose-containing sugars adding excess energy to diets (especially sugars-sweetened beverages) appear to lead to weight gain. There is low to moderate likelihood that more research will substantially alter our estimates (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT02558920) Funding Sources American Society for Nutrition Foundation (commissioned and funded), Diabetes Canada.

scholarly journals Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Adiposity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1017-1017
Author(s):  
Laura Chiavaroli ◽  
Annette Cheung ◽  
Sabrina Ayoub-Charette ◽  
Amna Ahmed ◽  
Danielle Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Energy Control ◽  
Feeding Trials

Abstract Objectives Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been linked to weight gain. It is unclear if other food sources of fructose-containing sugars behave similarly. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials to assess the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars on body weight and markers of adiposity. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through January 2020 for controlled feeding trials ≥2 weeks on the effect of fructose-containing sugars. Trial designs were prespecified by energy control: substitution (energy matched replacement of sugars in diets); addition (excess energy from sugars added to diets); subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted from diets); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced in diets). The primary outcome was body weight. Secondary outcomes were body mass index, body fat and waist circumference. Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. (NCT02558920) Results We identified 119 controlled trials (368 trial comparisons, N = 5263) assessing the effect of 10 food sources (SSBs, sweetened dairy alternative (soy), fruit juice, fruit drink, fruit, dried fruit, sweetened cereal grains/bars, sweets, added sweeteners and mixed sources). Total fructose-containing sugars increased body weight (mean difference, 0.29 kg [95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.53 kg], P = 0.017) and body fat in addition trials with no effect in other analyses or outcomes. There was evidence of interaction by food source in substitution trials with fruit reducing and mixed sources increasing some outcomes and in addition trials with 100% fruit juice reducing and SSBs and mixed sources increasing some outcomes. The overall certainty of evidence was moderate for the decreasing effect of fruit and fruit juice and the increasing effect of SSBs and mixed sources and high-to-very low for other comparisons. Conclusions Energy control and food source may mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on adiposity. The evidence provides good indication that fruit and 100% fruit juice decrease and SSBs and mixed sources increase markers of adiposity. More high-quality randomized trials of different foods are needed to improve our estimates. Funding Sources American Society for Nutrition, Diabetes Canada, CIHR, Mitacs.

scholarly journals Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Postprandial Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1010-1010
Author(s):  
Fei Au-Yeung ◽  
Laura Chiavaroli ◽  
Tauseef Khan ◽  
Andreea Zurbau ◽  
Sabrina Ayoub-Charette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Energy Control ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Postprandial Lipids

Abstract Objectives Fructose providing excess calories has been shown to increase postprandial triglycerides (TAG). Whether this effect holds for different food sources of fructose-containing sugars is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials on the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars at different levels of energy control on postprandial blood lipids (NCT02716870). Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched through June 1st, 2020 for controlled feeding trials ≥7-days assessing the effect of food sources of fructose-containing sugars on postprandial lipids. Trial designs were prespecified based on energy control: substitution (energy matched replacement of sugars by other macronutrients); addition (excess energy from sugars added to diets); subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted from diets); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced by other macronutrients) trials. Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Outcomes were postprandial TAG and apoB48. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Results We included 29 trials (60 trial comparisons, N = 943) assessing 5 food sources (SSBs, fruit, sweets and desserts, added caloric sweetener and mixed sources) across 4 levels of energy control. Total fructose-containing sugars increased postprandial TAG in substitution (MD: 0.17 mmol/L [95% CI: 0.05, 0.30], P = 0.007), addition (0.38 mmol/L [0.13, 0.62], P = 0.003), and ad libitum (0.17 mmol/L [0.02, 0.31], P = 0.024) trials and increased apoB48 in addition trials (0.12 g/L [0.07, 0.18], P < 0.001).There was evidence of interaction by food source with SSBs increasing postprandial TAG and apoB48 in addition trials and mixed sources increasing postprandial TAG in ad libitum trials. The certainty of the evidence was “moderate” for SSBs increasing TAG in addition trials and mixed sources increasing TAG in ad libitum trials and “low” for all other comparisons. Conclusions Food source more than energy control appears to mediate fructose-containing sugars on postprandial lipids. Good evidence suggests that SSBs and mixed sources increase postprandial lipids while evidence is less certain for the lack of effect of other food sources. More high-quality trials of different food sources are needed. Funding Sources Primary: Diabetes Canada.

scholarly journals Effect of Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1052-1052
Author(s):  
Danielle Lee ◽  
Laura Chiavaroli ◽  
Sabrina Ayoub-Charette ◽  
Tauseef Khan ◽  
Andreea Zurbau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Energy Control ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Objectives Fructose as a source of excess calories increases non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) markers. Whether this effect is mediated by the food matrix is unknown. We thus conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials assessing the effect of important food sources of fructose-containing sugars at different energy control levels on NAFLD markers. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched through January 18, 2021 for controlled trials ≥7-days. Four trial designs were prespecified based on energy control: substitution (energy-matched replacement of sugars by other macronutrients); addition (excess energy from sugars added to diets); subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted from diets); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced by other macronutrients). The primary outcome was intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL). Secondary outcomes were alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Certainty of evidence was assessed by GRADE. Results We included 44 trials (65 trial comparisons, n = 1941) assessing the effect of 8 food sources (sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs]; sweetened dairy alternative [soy]; fruit juice; fruit; dried fruit; baked goods, desserts and sweets; added nutritive sweetener; and mixed sources) across 4 energy levels. Total fructose-containing sugars increased IHCL in addition trials (standardized mean difference = 1.69 [95% CI, 1.00–2.37], P < 0.001), but no effect in substitution, subtraction and ad libitum trials. There was evidence of interaction by food source in addition trials with SSBs increasing IHCL and ALT, and mixed sources increasing AST. The overall certainty of evidence was high for SSBs on IHCL and ALT in addition trials and high to very low for all other comparisons. Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on NAFLD markers. High certainty evidence suggests that SSBs providing excess energy increase NAFLD markers, while the evidence is less certain that mixed sources share the same effect and other food sources do not. More high-quality randomized trials of different food sources are needed to improve our estimates (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02716870). Funding Sources Primary funding: Diabetes Canada.

scholarly journals Effect of Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars on Biomarkers of Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1083-1083
Author(s):  
XinYe Qi ◽  
Laura Chiavaroli ◽  
Danielle Lee ◽  
Sabrina Ayoub-Charette ◽  
Tauseef Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Energy Control ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Objectives Excess calories as fructose may initiate pathways increasing biomarkers of inflammation. Whether this effect is mediated by the food matrix at different energy levels is unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials of the effect of food sources of fructose-containing sugars at different energy control levels on biomarkers of inflammation (NCT02716870). Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through January 15 2020 for controlled trials ≥7d. Trial designs were prespecified based on energy control: substitution (energy-matched replacement of sugar in the diet); addition (excess energy from sugar added to diets); subtraction (energy from sugar subtracted from diets); ad libitum (energy from sugar freely replaced in the diet). The primary outcome was C-reactive protein (CRP). Secondary outcomes were tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Certainty of evidence was assessed by GRADE. Results We included 48 trials (109 trial comparisons, n = 2108) assessing the effect of 10 food sources (SSBs, sweetened dairy, sweetened dairy alternatives (soy), fruit, 100% fruit juice, dried fruit, sweetened cereal grains/bars, sweets, added nutritive sweetener, and mixed sources) across the 4 levels of energy control. Total fructose-containing sugars had no effect on any outcome in any level of energy control. There was evidence of interaction by food source; in substitution trials, sweetened dairy alternative (soy) decreased CRP. In addition trials, fruit decreased while added nutritive sweetener increased TNF-α. The certainty of evidence was low for the effect of sweetened dairy alternative (soy) on CRP in substitution trials, and generally moderate for all other comparisons. Conclusions Food source more than energy control appears to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on inflammation. The evidence provides some indication that sweetened dairy alternatives (soy) and fruit decrease and added nutritive sweeteners increase biomarkers of inflammation. More high-quality randomized trials of different fructose containing food sources are needed to improve our estimates. Funding Sources Diabetes Canada.

scholarly journals Food sources of fructose-containing sugars and glycaemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k4644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian L Choo ◽  
Effie Viguiliouk ◽  
Sonia Blanco Mejia ◽  
Adrian I Cozma ◽  
Tauseef A Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Energy Control ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars on glycaemic control at different levels of energy control. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies. Data sources Medine, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to 25 April 2018. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Controlled intervention studies of at least seven days’ duration and assessing the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars on glycaemic control in people with and without diabetes were included. Four study designs were prespecified on the basis of energy control: substitution studies (sugars in energy matched comparisons with other macronutrients), addition studies (excess energy from sugars added to diets), subtraction studies (energy from sugars subtracted from diets), and ad libitum studies (sugars freely replaced by other macronutrients without control for energy). Outcomes were glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, and fasting blood glucose insulin. Data extraction and synthesis Four independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias. Data were pooled by random effects models and overall certainty of the evidence assessed by the GRADE approach (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation). Results 155 study comparisons (n=5086) were included. Total fructose-containing sugars had no harmful effect on any outcome in substitution or subtraction studies, with a decrease seen in HbA1c in substitution studies (mean difference −0.22% (95% confidence interval to −0.35% to −0.08%), −25.9 mmol/mol (−27.3 to −24.4)), but a harmful effect was seen on fasting insulin in addition studies (4.68 pmol/L (1.40 to 7.96)) and ad libitum studies (7.24 pmol/L (0.47 to 14.00)). There was interaction by food source, with specific food sources showing beneficial effects (fruit and fruit juice) or harmful effects (sweetened milk and mixed sources) in substitution studies and harmful effects (sugars-sweetened beverages and fruit juice) in addition studies on at least one outcome. Most of the evidence was low quality. Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on glycaemic control. Although most food sources of these sugars (especially fruit) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients, several food sources of fructose-containing sugars (especially sugars-sweetened beverages) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects. However, certainty in these estimates is low, and more high quality randomised controlled trials are needed. Study registration Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT02716870 ).

scholarly journals Relation of Food Sources of Fructose Containing Sugars With Incident Obesity Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1116-1116
Author(s):  
Andreea Zurbau ◽  
Sonia Blanco Mejia ◽  
Tauseef Khan ◽  
Meaghan Kavanagh ◽  
Andrea Glenn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Obesity In Children

Abstract Objectives Sugars have been implicated in the epidemic of obesity. It is unclear whether food sources of fructose-containing sugars other than sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with increased risk of obesity. To assess the evidence of the relation of food sources of fructose-containing sugars with incident overweight or obesity, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library through Aug 2019. We included prospective cohort studies of ≥1 year. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The primary outcome was incident overweight/obesity. Data were pooled using generic-inverse variance method (random effects) and expressed as relative risks (RR) for incident outcomes and ß-coefficients for WC with 95% confidence intervals (CI). GRADE assessed the certainty of evidence Results We included 12 and 8 prospective cohorts involving 181,295 adults and 31,717 children, respectively. Four food sources of fructose-containing sugars were identified: SSBs, 100% fruit juice, fruit and yogurt. There was no data available in children for yogurt or WC. SSBs were associated with increased incident overweight/obesity in children (RR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.44] but not in adults and increased incident abdominal obesity in both children (3.78 [1.08 to 13.25]) and adults (1.51 [1.11 to 2.06]), but there was no association with change in WC in adults. Fruit juice was associated with increased incident overweight/obesity in children (1.28 [1.07 to 1.53]) but not in adults, and there was no association with incident abdominal obesity in either children or adults or WC in adults. Fruit was associated with decreased incident overweight/obesity (0.87 [0.82 to 0.92]) and decreased WC (ß, −0.23 cm [−0.33 to −0.13]) in adults. Yogurt was associated with decreased incident abdominal obesity (0.65 [0.47 to 0.90]) in adults with no data available on WC. The certainty of the evidence was graded as “very low” to “moderate”. Conclusions Current evidence indicates that the relation between fructose-containing sugars and obesity outcomes differs by food sources. More research of more food sources of sugars is needed to improve our certainty in the evidence. (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02558920) Funding Sources ASN, Diabetes Canada, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre.

scholarly journals Important food sources of fructose-containing sugars and incident gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e024171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Ayoub-Charette ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Tauseef A Khan ◽  
Fei Au-Yeung ◽  
Sonia Blanco Mejia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

ObjectiveSugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with hyperuricaemia and gout. Whether other important food sources of fructose-containing sugars share this association is unclear.DesignTo assess the relation of important food sources of fructose-containing sugars with incident gout and hyperuricaemia, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library (through 13 September 2017). We included prospective cohort studies that investigated the relationship between food sources of sugar and incident gout or hyperuricaemia. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed the risk of bias. We pooled natural-log transformed risk ratios (RRs) using the generic inverse variance method with random effects model and expressed as RR with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.ResultsWe identified three studies (1 54 289 participants, 1761 cases of gout), comparing the highest with the lowest level of exposure for SSBs, fruit juices and fruits. No reports were found reporting incident hyperuricaemia. Fruit juice and SSB intake showed an adverse association (fruit juice: RR=1.77, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.61; SSB: RR=2.08, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.08), when comparing the highest to lowest intake of the most adjusted models. There was no significant association between fruit intake and gout (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.14). The strongest evidence was for the adverse association with SSB intake (moderate certainty), and the weakest evidence was for the adverse association with fruit juice intake (very low certainty) and lack of association with fruit intake (very low certainty).ConclusionThere is an adverse association of SSB and fruit juice intake with incident gout, which does not appear to extend to fruit intake. Further research is needed to improve our estimates.Trial registration numberNCT02702375; Results.

scholarly journals ‘Catalytic’ doses of fructose may benefit glycaemic control without harming cardiometabolic risk factors: a small meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Sievenpiper ◽  
Laura Chiavaroli ◽  
Russell J. de Souza ◽  
Arash Mirrahimi ◽  
Adrian I. Cozma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Feeding Trials

Contrary to concerns that fructose may have adverse metabolic effects, there is evidence that small, ‘catalytic’ doses ( ≤ 10 g/meal) of fructose decrease the glycaemic response to high-glycaemic index meals in human subjects. To assess the longer-term effects of ‘catalytic’ doses of fructose, we undertook a meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library. Analyses included all controlled feeding trials ≥ 7 d featuring ‘catalytic’ fructose doses ( ≤ 36 g/d) in isoenergetic exchange for other carbohydrates. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method using random-effects models and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95 % CI. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Q statistic and quantified by I2. The Heyland Methodological Quality Score assessed study quality. A total of six feeding trials (n 118) met the eligibility criteria. ‘Catalytic’ doses of fructose significantly reduced HbA1c (MD − 0·40, 95 % CI − 0·72, − 0·08) and fasting glucose (MD − 0·25, 95 % CI − 0·44, − 0·07). This benefit was seen in the absence of adverse effects on fasting insulin, body weight, TAG or uric acid. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed evidence of effect modification under certain conditions. The small number of trials and their relatively short duration limit the strength of the conclusions. In conclusion, this small meta-analysis shows that ‘catalytic’ fructose doses ( ≤ 36 g/d) may improve glycaemic control without adverse effects on body weight, TAG, insulin and uric acid. There is a need for larger, longer ( ≥ 6 months) trials using ‘catalytic’ fructose to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Relation of Food Sources of Fructose Containing Sugars with Incident Obesity Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1710-1710
Author(s):  
Andreea Zurbau ◽  
Sonia Blanco Mejia ◽  
Tauseef Khan ◽  
Laura Chiavaroli ◽  
Andrea Glenn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Obesity In Children

Abstract Objectives Sugars have been implicated in the epidemic of obesity. It is unclear whether food sources of fructose-containing sugars other than sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with increased risk of obesity. To assess the evidence of the relation of food sources of fructose-containing sugars with incident overweight or obesity, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library through Oct 2018. We included prospective cohort studies of ≥1 year. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). The primary outcome was incident overweight/obesity. Data were pooled using generic-inverse variance method with random effects model and expressed as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). GRADE assessed the certainty of evidence. Results We included 20 prospective cohort studies: 9 (n = 25,422; 2614 events) and 6 (n = 119,137; 24,123 events) of incident overweight/obesity and 1 (n = 424; 47 events) and 7 (n = 29,166; 4255 events) of incident abdominal obesity in children and adults, respectively. Three food sources of fructose-containing sugars were identified: SSBs, fruit juice, and yogurt. SSBs were associated with increased incident overweight/obesity in children (RR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.44] but not in adults and increased incident abdominal obesity in both children (3.78 [1.08 to 13.25]) and adults (1.51 [1.11 to 2.06]). Fruit juice was associated with increased incident overweight/obesity in children (1.28 [1.07 to 1.53]) but not in adults, and there was no association with incident abdominal obesity in either children or adults. Yogurt was associated with decreased incident abdominal obesity (0.65 [0.47 to 0.90]) in adults with no data available for any outcome in children. The certainty of the evidence was graded as very low to low. Conclusions Current evidence indicates that the relation between fructose-containing sugars and obesity outcomes differs by food sources. Further research of different food sources of sugars is needed to improve our certainty in the evidence. (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02558920) Funding Sources American Society for Nutrition Foundation (commissioned and funded), Diabetes Canada.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document