Added Sugar Consumption Is Not Relevantly Associated With an Increased Odds of Prediabetes in U.S. Adults

Abstract Objectives To examine whether self-reported added sugar consumption is associated with an increased risk for prediabetes in U.S. adults. Methods A secondary data analysis was performed using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collected between 2013–2018 in a subsample of adults (≥20 years) with prediabetes (HgbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%) and normoglycemia (HgbA1c < 5.7%) who did not have a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (HgbA1c ≥ 6.5%). Mean usual intake of added sugar (g/day) was estimated from two 24-h dietary recalls. Survey-weighted logistic regression was used to test whether (1) total mean intake (g/day) of added sugar or (2) tertiles of added sugar as an overall percentage of added sugar intake (<10%,10–15%, >15% g/day) were associated with an increased odds of prediabetes. Results In the sample of 10,671 adults, 34% were identified as having prediabetes, consuming an estimated average of 49.4 g/day of added sugar. In unadjusted models, added sugar was not relevantly associated with an increased odds of prediabetes [total: (OR = 1.001, P = 0.625); tertiles (reference: <10%): 10–15% (OR = 1.119, P = 0.206), >15% (OR = 1.057, P = 0.531)]. Similarly, in adjusted models that controlled for age, gender, race/ethnicity, total energy intake, physical activity status, smoking status, BMI, and socioeconomic covariates, added sugar was not relevantly associated with an increased odds of prediabetes [total: (OR = 1.001, P = 0.601); tertiles (reference: < 10%): 10–15% (OR = 1.032, P = 0.763), >15% (OR = 1.053, P = 0.665)]. Conclusions Results indicate that self-reported added sugar consumption does not appear to relevantly increase the odds of prediabetes in adults. Because prediabetes is an early indicator of type 2 diabetes risk, it is possible that exposure to added sugar over time contributes to the significant associations observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes and not prediabetes. Funding Sources University of Alabama at Birmingham Graduate School and School of Nursing.

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EFEK HIPOTENSIF DARI ACEi DAN ARB PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS DAN HIPERTENSI DI RSUD. ABDUL WAHAB SYAHRANIE SAMARINDA

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v3i2.126 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Rusdiati Helmidanora ◽

Triswanto Sentat

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Secondary Data ◽

National Committee ◽

Blood Pressure Target ◽

Blood Pressure Targets ◽

Increased Risk ◽

New Guidelines ◽

National Joint Committee

More than two-thirds of patients with type 2 diabetes also experience hypertension whose development coincides with hyperglycemia, where each disease has a tendency to influence the increased risk of other diseases. Sundry new guidelines, such as the National Joint Committee 8, the American Diabetes Association recommend blood pressure targets in the diabetic population of <140/90 mmHg to reduce cardiovascular risk and prevent the progression of nephropathy. This study aims to determine whether there is a difference in achieving blood pressure target < 140/90 mmHg according to Join National Committee 8 between ACEi and ARB in patients with type 2 diabetes with hypertension. This research was conducted using a retrospective at internist clinic of Abdul Wahab Syahranie hospital, by taking secondary data from the medical record from blood pressure o 49 outpatients received a single antihypertensive either drug ACEi 29 people or ARB 34 people. This study showed that the achievement of target blood pressure by <140/90 mmHg (JNC 8 guideline) between ACEi 7 (28%) and ARB 5 (20,8%) group and it can be concluded that between ACEi and ARB drugs(P=0.5) there was no differsignificantly in achievement blood pressure target on type 2 diabetes with hypertension.

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Long-term BMI change trajectories in Chinese adults and its association with the hazard of type 2 diabetes: evidence from a 20-year China Health and Nutrition Survey

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000879 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e000879

Author(s):

Baibing Mi ◽

Chenlu Wu ◽

Xiangyu Gao ◽

Wentao Wu ◽

Jiaoyang Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Latent Class ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Change Trajectories ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Increased Risk

IntroductionTo investigate the relationship between long-term change trajectory in body mass index (BMI) and the hazard of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults.Research design and methodsData were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Type 2 diabetes was reported by participants themselves in each survey wave. The duration of follow-up was defined as the period from the first visit to the first time self-reported type 2 diabetes, death, or other loss to follow-up from CHNS. The patterns of change trajectories in BMI were derived by latent class trajectory analysis method. The Fine and Gray regression model was used to estimate HRs with corresponding 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes.ResultsFour patterns of the trajectories of change in BMI were identified among Chinese adults, 42.7% of participants had stable BMI change, 40.8% for moderate BMI gain, 8.9% for substantial BMI gain and 7.7% for weight loss. During the follow-up with mean 11.2 years (158 637 person-years contributed by 14 185 participants), 498 people with type 2 diabetes (3.7%) occurred. Risk of type 2 diabetes was increased by 47% among people who gained BMI more substantially and rapidly (HR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.02, p=0.016) and increased by 20% among those in people with the moderate BMI gain (HR: 1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.48, p=0.078), compared with those with stable BMI change.ConclusionsLong-term substantial gain of BMI was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese adults.

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Cadmium Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in a Superfund Site Lead Smelter Community in Dallas, Texas

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17124558 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 4558

Author(s):

Bert B. Little ◽

Robert Reilly ◽

Brad Walsh ◽

Giang T. Vu

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Two Phase ◽

Lead Smelter ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cd Exposure

Objective: To test the hypothesis that cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: A two-phase health screening (physical examination and laboratory tests) was conducted in a lead smelter community following a Superfund Cleanup. Participants were African Americans aged >19 years to <89 years. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze T2DM regressed on blood Cd level and covariates: body mass index (BMI), heavy metals (Ar, Cd, Hg, Pb), duration of residence, age, smoking status, and sex. Results: Of 875 subjects environmentally exposed to Cd, 55 were occupationally exposed to by-products of lead smelting and 820 were community residents. In addition, 109 T2DM individuals lived in the community for an average of 21.0 years, and 766 non-T2DM individuals for 19.0 years. T2DM individuals (70.3%) were >50 years old. Blood Cd levels were higher among T2DM subjects (p < 0.006) compared to non-T2DM individuals. Logistic regression of T2DM status identified significant predictors: Cd level (OR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.14–2.99, p < 0.01), age >50 years (OR = 3.10; 95% CI: 1.91–5.02, p < 0.0001), and BMI (OR = 1.07; CI: 1.04–1.09, 0.0001). In meta-analysis of 12 prior studies and this one, T2DM risk was OR = 1.09 (95% CI: 1.03–1.15, p < 0.004) fixed effects and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.04–1.44, p < 0.02) random effects. Discussion: Chronic environmental Cd exposure was associated with T2DM in a smelter community, controlling for covariates. T2DM onset <50 years was significantly associated with Cd exposure, but >50 years was not. Meta-analysis suggests that Cd exposure is associated with a small, but significant increased risk for T2DM. Available data suggest Cd exposure is associated with an increased propensity to increased insulin resistance.

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Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study and Metaanalysis

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2012.193003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 381-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 138

Author(s):

Shoaib Afzal ◽

Stig E Bojesen ◽

Børge G Nordestgaard

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

General Population ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Blood Draw ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Increased Risk ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in decreased insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance, hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We tested the hypothesis that low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. METHODS We measured 25(OH)D in 9841 participants from the general population, of whom 810 developed type 2 diabetes during 29 years of follow-up. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, body mass index, income, physical activity, HDL cholesterol, and calendar month of blood draw. RESULTS Lower 25(OH)D concentrations, by clinical categories or seasonally adjusted quartiles, were associated with higher cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes (trend, P = 2×10−7 and P = 4×10−10). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of type 2 diabetes were 1.22 (95% CI 0.85–1.74) for 25(OH)D <5 vs ≥20 μg/L and 1.35 (1.09–1.66) for lowest vs highest quartile. Also, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes for a 50% lower concentration of 25(OH)D was 1.12 (1.03–1.21); the corresponding hazard ratio for those ≤58 years old was 1.26 (1.15–1.41). Finally, in a metaanalysis of 16 studies, the odds ratio for type 2 diabetes was 1.50 (1.33–1.70) for the bottom vs top quartile of 25(OH)D. CONCLUSIONS We observed an association of low plasma 25(OH)D with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. This finding was substantiated in a metaanalysis.

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Aggregation and combination of cardiovascular risk factors and their association with 10-year all-cause mortality: the PERU MIGRANT Study

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-02405-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Janina Bazalar-Palacios ◽

J. Jaime Miranda ◽

Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco ◽

Robert H. Gilman ◽

Liam Smeeth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Secondary Data ◽

National Registry ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality

Abstract Objective To estimate the association between the aggregation and pair-wise combination of selected cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and 10-year all-cause mortality. Methods Secondary data analysis of the PERU MIGRANT study, a prospective population-based cohort. Ten-year all-cause mortality was determined for participants originally enrolled in the PERU MIGRANT Study (baseline in 2007) through the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status. The CVRF included hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and overweight/obesity. Exposures were composed of both the aggregation of the selected CVRF (one, two, and three or more CVRF) and pair-wise combinations of CVRF. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Findings Of the 989 participants evaluated at baseline, 976 (98.8%) had information about vital status at 10 years of follow-up (9992.63 person-years), and 63 deaths were recorded. In the multivariable model, adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, participants with two CVRF (HR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.03–5.99), and those with three or more CVRF (HR: 3.93, 95% CI: 1.21–12.74) had higher all-cause mortality risk, compared to those without any CVRF. The pair-wise combinations associated with the highest risk of all-cause mortality, compared to those without such comorbidities, were hypertension with type 2 diabetes (HR: 11.67, 95% CI: 3.67–37.10), and hypertension with overweight/obesity (HR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.18–6.71). Conclusions The aggregation of two or more CVRF and the combination of hypertension with type 2 diabetes or overweight/obesity were associated with an increased risk of 10-year all-cause mortality. These risk profiles will inform primary and secondary prevention strategies to delay mortality from cardiovascular risk factors.

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Do adolescent sedentary behavior levels predict type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood?

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10948-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jillian A. Scandiffio ◽

Ian Janssen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Incident Cases

Abstract Background The objective was to determine whether time spent in different types of sedentary behavior during adolescence are associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Methods Participants were 3942 adolescents aged 16 years who were part of the 1970 British Cohort Study. Sedentary behavior was assessed using a questionnaire that asked participants to indicate how much time they spent watching TV and videos, using the computer, reading, and doing homework. Incident cases of type 2 diabetes were determined quadrennially until 46 years of age. The association between adolescent sedentary behaviors and type 2 diabetes was determined using Cox proportional hazards regression that controlled for sex, body mass index, sugary beverage consumption, smoking status, physical activity at baseline, and physical activity in adulthood . Results There were 91 incident cases of type 2 diabetes with an incidence rate of 9 cases/10,000 person-years. By comparison to those who watched TV and videos for 2 or less hours/day, type 2 diabetes risk was not different in those who watched for 2.1–4.0 h/day (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.54, 1.47) but was increased by 2.06-fold (95% CI = 1.24, 3.43) in those who watched for more than 4 h/day. Time spent using a computer, reading, and doing homework were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Spending more than 4 h/day watching television and videos at age 16 was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Conversely, using a computer and non-screen based sedentary behaviors were not associated with type 2 diabetes risk.

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Influences of added sugar consumption in adults with type 2 diabetes risk: A principle‐based concept analysis

Nursing Forum ◽

10.1111/nuf.12399 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 698-706

Author(s):

Nadia Markie Sneed ◽

Patricia A. Patrician ◽

Shannon A. Morrison

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Concept Analysis ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Sugar Consumption ◽

Added Sugar

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Ultra-processed food and incident type 2 diabetes: studying the underlying consumption patterns to unravel the health effects of this heterogeneous food category in the prospective Lifelines cohort

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-021-02200-4 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ming-Jie Duan ◽

Petra C. Vinke ◽

Gerjan Navis ◽

Eva Corpeleijn ◽

Louise H. Dekker

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

Diabetes Incidence ◽

Processed Food ◽

Food Category ◽

Incident Type ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Background The overall consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) has previously been associated with type 2 diabetes. However, due to the substantial heterogeneity of this food category, in terms of their nutritional composition and product type, it remains unclear whether previous results apply to all underlying consumption patterns of UPF. Methods Of 70,421 participants (35–70 years, 58.6% women) from the Lifelines cohort study, dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. UPF was identified according to the NOVA classification. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to derive UPF consumption patterns. The associations of UPF and adherence to UPF consumption patterns with incidence of type 2 diabetes were studied with logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, diet quality, energy intake, alcohol intake, physical activity, TV watching time, smoking status, and educational level. Results During a median follow-up of 41 months, a 10% increment in UPF consumption was associated with a 25% higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (1128 cases; OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.16, 1.34]). PCA revealed four habitual UPF consumption patterns. A pattern high in cold savory snacks (OR 1.16 [95% CI 1.09, 1.22]) and a pattern high in warm savory snacks (OR 1.15 [95% CI 1.08, 1.21]) were associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes; a pattern high in traditional Dutch cuisine was not associated with type 2 diabetes incidence (OR 1.05 [95% CI 0.97, 1.14]), while a pattern high in sweet snacks and pastries was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes incidence (OR 0.82 [95% CI 0.76, 0.89]). Conclusions The heterogeneity of UPF as a general food category is reflected by the discrepancy in associations between four distinct UPF consumption patterns and incident type 2 diabetes. For better public health prevention, research is encouraged to further clarify how different UPF consumption patterns are related to type 2 diabetes.

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