scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Nutrition Supplement on Cognitive Function and Cerebral Blood Flow in Young Children Living in Rural Villages in Guinea-Bissau (OR10-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salima Taylor ◽  
Rachel Silver ◽  
Maria Franceschini ◽  
Paul Muentener ◽  
Augusto Braima de Sa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Guinea Bissau

Abstract Objectives Undernutrition is prevalent among young children worldwide and is associated with impaired cognition and reduced educational attainment. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test the effect of a novel supplementary food (regenerative nutrition for enhanced wellness-cognition; RENEW-C) compared to traditional feeding practices on cognitive function, cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in rural Guinea-Bissau. Methods Children aged 15 months to 7 years (n = 1059) were randomized to receive isocaloric quantities of RENEW-C (a highly-fortified cocoa-based bar), a USAID fortified blended food (FBF) or a Control food (rice cooked with oil, replicating a traditional breakfast). The primary outcome was executive function. Secondary outcomes included a cerebral blood flow index (CBFi) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) measured by Frequency-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Diffusion Correlation Spectroscopy (FDNIRS-DCS, MetaOx, ISS Inc.). Six-month changes for RENEW-C and FBF versus Controls were assessed by multivariable linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, baseline measurement, and study cohort. Results Improvements in executive function (0.38; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.71; P = 0.02) were observed for RENEW-C compared to Controls in the predefined study focus (children < 4 years consuming >75% their supplement). There was no significant effect of RENEW-C in children ≥ 4 years. No benefit of the FBF was observed in either age group. In addition, changes in CBFi and CMRO2 in RENEW-C children were greater than in Controls in both ventrolateral prefrontal cortical regions (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04 for left and right, respectively) and greater than FBF in the left ventrolateral (P = 0.05) and left dorsolateral (P = 0.03) prefrontal cortices. Conclusions Compared with traditional feeding practices, the RENEW-C supplement consumption was correlated with a marked improvement in executive function among children < 4 years and large increases in vascular perfusion and oxygen metabolism in a region where undernutrition is prevalent. These results indicate that new approaches to formulating supplementary foods for children at risk of undernutrition can potentially yield substantial improvements in brain health and cognition. Funding Sources Boston Foundation.

Acute cocoa flavanol improves cerebral oxygenation without enhancing executive function at rest or after exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1225-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieselot Decroix ◽  
Cajsa Tonoli ◽  
Danusa D. Soares ◽  
Semah Tagougui ◽  
Elsa Heyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Exercise Induced

Acute exercise-induced improvements in cognitive function are accompanied by increased (cerebral) blood flow and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Acute cocoa flavanol (CF) intake may improve cognitive function, cerebral blood flow (in humans), and BNDF levels (in animals). This study investigated (i) the effect of CF intake in combination with exercise on cognitive function and (ii) cerebral hemodynamics and BDNF in response to CF intake and exercise. Twelve healthy men participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Participants performed a cognitive task (CT) at 100 min after acute 903-mg CF or placebo (PL) intake, followed by a 30-min time-trial. Immediately after this exercise, the same CT was performed. Prefrontal near-infrared spectroscopy was applied during CT and exercise to measure changes in oxygenated (ΔHbO2), deoxygenated (ΔHHb), and total haemoglobin (ΔHbtot) and blood samples were drawn and analyzed for BDNF. Reaction time was faster postexercise, but was not influenced by CF. ΔHbO2 during the resting CT was increased by CF, compared with PL. ΔHbO2, ΔHHb, and ΔHbtot increased in response to exercise without any effect of CF. During the postexercise cognitive task, there were no hemodynamic differences between CF or PL. Serum BDNF was increased by exercise, but was not influenced by CF. In conclusion, at rest, CF intake increased cerebral oxygenation, but not BDNF concentrations, and no impact on executive function was detected. This beneficial effect of CF on cerebral oxygenation at rest was overruled by the strong exercise-induced increases in cerebral perfusion and oxygenation.

Near-infrared spectroscopy extended with indocyanine green dye dilution for cerebral blood flow measurement: Median values in healthy volunteers

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mudra ◽  
C. Muroi ◽  
P. Niederer ◽  
E. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Dye Dilution

AbstractThe cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important vital parameter in neurointensive care. Currently, there is no non-invasive method for its measurement that can easily be applied at the bedside. A new tool to determine CBF is based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) applied together with indocyanine green (ICG) dye dilution. From a bilateral measurement on selected regions on the head of infrared (IR) absorption at various wavelengths during the dilution maneuver, the vascular perfusion characteristics of the two brain hemispheres can be determined in terms of mean transit time (mtt) of ICG, cerebral blood volume (CBV) and CBF.So far, on nine healthy volunteers, NIRS ICG dye dilution bihemispheric measurements were performed, which yielded to mtt given as median (range) of 9.3 s (5.1–16.3 s), CBV of 3.5 ml/100 g (1.7–4.1 ml/100 g), and CBF of 18.2 ml/(100 g×min) [11.1–48.6 ml/(100 g×min)]. Additionally, the blood flow index (BFI) was calculated with BFI= 13.8 mg/(100 g×s) [6.6–15.2 mg/(100 g×s)]. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between CBF and BFI was RS = 0.76. However, as the Bland & Altman plot between CBFNIRS and the CBFBFI documents, the limits of agreement are rather wide (21.9±6.7). Under physiological conditions in healthy volunteers, no differences could be detected between the hemispheres.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship between Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Hemodialysis Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Duncan Findlay ◽  
Jesse Dawson ◽  
David Alexander Dickie ◽  
Kirsten P. Forbes ◽  
Deborah McGlynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Mean Flow

BackgroundThe immediate and longer-term effects of hemodialysis on cerebral circulation, cerebral structure, and cognitive function are poorly understood.MethodsIn a prospective observational cohort study of 97 adults (median age 59 years) receiving chronic hemodialysis, we used transcranial Doppler ultrasound to measure cerebral arterial mean flow velocity (MFV) throughout dialysis. Using a well validated neuropsychological protocol, we assessed cognitive function during and off dialysis and after 12 months of treatment. We also used brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess atrophy, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and diffusion parameters, and tested correlations between MFV, cognitive scores, and changes on MRI.ResultsMFV declined significantly during dialysis, correlating with ultrafiltrate volumes. Percentage of decline in MFV correlated with intradialytic decline in cognitive function, including global function, executive function, and verbal fluency. At follow-up, 73 patients were available for repeat testing, 34 of whom underwent repeat MRI. In a subgroup of patients followed for 12 months of continued dialysis, percentage of decline in MFV correlated significantly with lower global and executive function and with progression of WMH burden (a marker of small vessel disease). Twelve of 15 patients who received renal transplants during follow-up had both early and follow-up off-dialysis assessments. After transplant, patients’ memory (on a delayed recall test) improved significantly; increased fractional anisotropy of white matter (a measure of cerebral diffusion) in these patients correlated with improving executive function.ConclusionsPatients undergoing hemodialysis experience transient decline in cerebral blood flow, correlating with intradialytic cognitive dysfunction. Progressive cerebrovascular disease occurred in those continuing dialysis, but not in transplanted patients. Cognitive function and cerebral diffusion improved after transplant.

Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in progressive dementia associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Tanaka ◽  
Susumu Kondo ◽  
Shunsaku Hirai ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Takayuki Yamagishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Progressive Dementia ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

scholarly journals Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain; Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity and Cognitive Function during Normo- and Hypoglycemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina E. Almby ◽  
Martin H. Lundqvist ◽  
Niclas Abrahamsson ◽  
Sofia Kvernby ◽  
Markus Fahlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

While Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counter-regulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. <p>In this study, 11 non-diabetic subjects with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by FDG PET and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- vs pre-surgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake and this was similar for post- and pre-surgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen post-surgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- vs pre-surgery of neural networks in CNS regions implicated in glucose regulation such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document