scholarly journals Probiotic Supplementation Regulates Placental and Fetal Development in C57BL6/J Mice (P20-008-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Larson ◽  
Danielle Krout ◽  
Travis Alvine ◽  
Huawei Zeng ◽  
Amy Bundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Objectives Maternal high-fat (HF) diet predisposes offspring to metabolic syndrome, in part, by inducing alterations during placental development resulting in abnormal fetal development and offspring birth weight. We previously reported in a rat model that a maternal malnutrition diet increases fetal inflammation, and placental vascularization, and decreases offspring birth weight followed by adult-onset obesity. In the current study, we investigated when during gestational development a maternal HF diet induces changes in placental weight, lipid content, and inflammation. We further investigated whether probiotic supplementation offsets HF-diet induced adverse outcomes. Methods Two-month old female C57BL/6 mice were fed diets of 16% fat (normal-fat, NF) or 45% fat (high-fat, HF) for 8 weeks followed by 4 weeks of probiotic (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12) supplementation. Fetuses and placentae were examined mid- (D12) and late- (D19) gestation Results Placental length, width, and weight as well as fetal weight were decreased in the HF group at D12. Probiotic supplementation reversed the HF diet-induced reduction in placental weight at D12. These beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation were absent at D19 as fetal weights from all HF diet fed groups weighed less regardless of probiotic supplementation. Probiotic supplementation reduced placental TNF-alpha mRNA at D12 and IL-10 mRNA at D19. Triacylglyceride concentration was increased at D19 by HF diet, in part, by the preceding increases in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and plasma membrane-associated fatty-acid binding protein (FABPpm) mRNA expression at D12. Conclusions These findings suggest that maternal HF diet alters placental size and weight as well as fetal weight and that probiotic supplementation renders a protective effect against these changes in mid-gestation. Future studies are needed to determine whether the protective mechanism of probiotic supplementation in mid-gestation has beneficial effects on offspring developmental programming. Funding Sources USDA Agricultural Research Service Project #3062-51000-052-00D.

scholarly journals Paternal High Fat Diet and Exercise Differentially Regulate Placental Development and Inflammation in a Sex-Specific Manner in C57BL6/J Mice (P19-003-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Larson ◽  
Amy Bundy ◽  
Travis Alvine ◽  
James Roemmich
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Service Project ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Placental Inflammation

Abstract Objectives We have shown that increases in T2D risk in male offspring when the father consumes a high-fat (HF) diet can be normalized when the father also exercises during preconception, and that this protection may occur by epigenetic increases in insulin signaling within offspring skeletal muscle. In our current study, we investigated to determine how paternal HF diet and exercise conditions alter sperm miRNA, fetal weight and placental inflammation. Methods Three-week old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal-fat (NF) diet (16% fat) or a HF diet (45% fat) and assigned to either voluntary wheel running exercise or cage activity for 3 months prior to mating with NF diet fed dams. Sperm samples were collected to determine changes in miRNA that may account for the enhanced offspring skeletal muscle responses that helped normalize paternal HF-induced glucose intolerance. Placentae were collected to determine whether changes in sperm miRNA expression differed by amount of placental inflammation. Results Sperm expression of miRNA 193b increased with paternal HF and exercise. In F1 males, placental and fetal weight decreased with HF diet while, in F1 female, paternal HF and exercise had no effect on placental and fetal weights. Paternal HF diet decreased placental IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in F1 females, while no effects were observed in F1 male placenta. Conclusions Taken together these data suggest that paternal HF diet has a greater impact on placental development of male fetuses while paternal exercise has greater impact on placental inflammation of female fetuses. For both female and male fetuses, these paternal influences are mediated via sperm miRNA 193b. miR-193b is involved in regulation of the cell cycle and adipogenesis but may have additional functions. Thus, the exact role of sperm miRNA 193b in sex-specific epigenetic transmission of paternal HF diet and exercise on placental and fetal development needs further evaluation. Funding Sources USDA Agricultural Research Service Project #3062-51000-052-00D.

Ewe nutrition in early and mid- to late pregnancy has few effects on fetal development

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Martín ◽  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
P. C. H. Morel ◽  
S. J. Pain ◽  
C. M. C. Jenkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Fetal Thyroid ◽  
Lifetime Effects

Maternal nutrition affects fetal development, with potential lifelong consequences. The study reported here compared the anatomical development (dimensions and organs) of twin fetuses at Day 140 of gestation, from 58 twin-bearing ewes fed at one of three different nutritional treatments in early pregnancy [Day 21–50, Low (LD21–50) versus Medium (MD21–50) versus High (HD21–50)] and one of two different nutritional treatments in mid- to late pregnancy (Day 50–140, Medium (MD50–140) versus High (HD50–140)]. There were no effects (P > 0.05) of either early or mid- to late pregnancy nutrition on placental weight and fetal bodyweight or size measurements at Day 140. Semitendinosus muscles from LD21–50-HD50–140 fetuses were heavier (P < 0.05) than those from LD21–50-MD50–140 and HD21–50-HD50–140 fetuses, and fetuses from LD21–50 dams had lighter (P < 0.05) mammary glands compared with those from MD21–50 and HD21–50 dams, even after adjustment for fetal weight. Maternal nutrition also affected (P < 0.05) the weights of the fetal thyroid and brain. These results suggest that farmers can limit ewe nutrition in early pregnancy with only minor effects on the fetus. To investigate potential lifetime effects, a larger cohort of these animals is currently being monitored.

scholarly journals The Association Between Placental Residual Blood Volume and Two Placental Transfusion Methods After Delivery at Term

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Ho Hung ◽  
Ya-Chun Chuang ◽  
Lulu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Iron Store ◽  
Delayed Cord Clamping ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Residual Blood

Background: Despite reports of the beneficial effects, such as increasing hemoglobin level and iron store in the neonatal period, of delayed cord clamping, or umbilical cord milking after delivery in healthy term-born infants, the duration of delayed clamping or rounds of milking in most previous reports were determined arbitrarily and varied widely across different studies.Methods: We prospectively recruited 80 women with normal singleton pregnancies at 38–40 weeks' gestation. Participants were classified according to the mode of delivery and randomly assigned to either collecting blood from the placenta by umbilical cord drainage (CD) or cord milking (CM), with the placenta left in the uterus. The volume of blood collected, the duration of CD, and the number of rounds of CM were recorded.Results: Collected placental residual blood volume positively correlated with birth weight, placental weight, and length of the cord. When 80% of the total placental residual blood volume collected was set as the threshold, more than 80% of women who delivered vaginally reached this level within 60 s of CD or seven repetitions of CM. This amount of blood could be obtained within 120 s of CD or after seven repetitions of CM in more than 80% of women who underwent cesarean delivery.Conclusion: In most women, regardless of birth weight and placental weight, more than 80% of placental residual blood volume could be collected by CD within 60 s after vaginal delivery, 120 s after cesarean delivery, and seven repetitions of CM in both vaginal and cesarean deliveries.

The protective mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum FZU3013 against non-alcoholic fatty liver associated with hyperlipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3316-3331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Wei-Ling Guo ◽  
Qiu-Yi Li ◽  
Jia-Xin Xu ◽  
Ying-Jia Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Rice Wine ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Brewing Process

Lactobacillus plantarum FZU3013, isolated from the traditional brewing process of Hongqu rice wine, has beneficial effects on improving lipid metabolism disorders.

Beneficial effects of high BMP-9 levels under diabetic and high fat conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Cai ◽  
S Drexler ◽  
H Gaitantzi ◽  
S Rudolf ◽  
H Luuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Discrepancy Analysis between Clinical Versus Ultrasound Estimated Fetal Weight and Actual Birth Weight at 3rd Trimester

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Naznin Rashid Shewly ◽  
Menoka Ferdous ◽  
Hasina Begum ◽  
Shahadat Hossain Khan ◽  
Sheema Rani Debee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
P Value ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Fetal Weight Estimation ◽  
Obstetric Management ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

Background: In obstetric management fetal weight estimation is an important consideration when planning the mode of delivery in our day to day practice. In Bangladesh low birth weight is a major public health problem & incidence is 38% - 58%. Neonatal mortality and morbidity also yet high. So accurate antenatal estimation of fetal weight is a good way to detect macrosomia or small for date baby. Thus to improve the pregnancy outcome and neonatal outcome decreasing various chance of neonatal mortality and morbidity antenatal fetal weight prediction is an invaluable parameter in some situation where to identify the at risk pregnancy for low birth weight become necessary. Reliable method for prenatal estimation of fetal weight two modalities have got popularity - Clinical estimation and another one is ultrasonic estimation. This study was designed to determine the accuracy of clinical versus ultrasound estimated fetal weight detecting the discrepancy with actual birth weight at third trimester. So that we can verify more reliable and accurate method. Objectives: To find out more accurate and reliable modality of fetal weight estimation in antenatal period during obstetric management planning. To compare clinical versus ultrasound estimated fetal weight & to determine discrepancy of both variable with actual birth weight. Method: This prospective, cross sectional analytical study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2006 to December 2006. By purposive sampling 100 pregnant women fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in my study in third trimester (29wks-40wks). In clinical weight estimation procedure SFH (Symphysio Fundal Height) was measured in centimeter. On pervaginal finding whether vertex below or above the ischial spine was determined. By Johnson’s formula fetal weight in grams was estimated. Then by ultrasound scan different biometric measurements were taken and finally by Hadlock’s formula fetal weight was estimated. Eventually actual birth weight was taken after birth by Globe Brand weighing machine. Accuracy of both modalities were compared and which one was more reliable predictor was determined by statistical analysis. Results: After data collection were analyzed by computer based software (SPSS). There was gradual and positive relationship between symphysiofundal height and estimated birth weight. Discrepancy between clinical and actual birth weight at third trimester was statistically significant – Paired Student’s ‘t’ test was done where p value was <0.001. Whereas discrepancy between sonographically estimated fetal weight with actual birth weight was not statistically significant (by paired ‘t’ test where p value was >0.05). That implies discrepancy between ultrasound estimated fetal weight and actual birth weight was significantly less than that of clinically estimated fetal weight. 14% clinically and 46% sonographically estimated fetal weight were observed within £ 5% of actual birth weight. 31% clinical and 42% sonographically estimates observed within 6% to 10% of actual birth weight and 55% clinical and 12% sonographically estimate were >10% of actual birth weight. That is about 88% sonographical versus 45% clinical estimates were within 10% of actual birth weight. Conclusion: There is no doubt about importance of fetal weight in many obstetric situations. Clinical decisions at times depends on fetal weight. Whether to use oxytocin, to use forceps or vacuum for delivery or extend of trial or ended by Caesarian section immediately or no scope of trial to be largely depend on fetal size and weight. So more accurate modality for antenatal fetal weight estimation has paramount importance. In my study sonographically estimated weight have more accuracy than that of clinical estimate in predicting actual birth weight. Sonographically estimated fetal weight is more reliable, accurate and reproducible rather than other modality. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2019, Vol.11(1); 32-38

Does Placental Weight Affects Perinatal Outcome? A Prospective Case-control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Naina Kumar ◽  
Himani Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Prospective Case Control Study

Background: Placenta plays a very important role in the growth and development of fetus. Objective: To know the correlation between placental weight and perinatal outcome in term antenatal women. Methods: Present prospective case-control study was conducted in the rural tertiary center of Northern India over one year (January-December 2018) on 1,118 term (≥37-≤42 weeks) antenatal women with singleton pregnancy fulfilling inclusion criteria with 559 women with high-risk pregnancy as cases and 559 low-risk pregnant women as controls. Placental weight, birth weight was measured immediately after delivery and compared between the two groups along with gestation, parity, fetal gender, and neonatal outcome. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22 version. Results: Mean placental weight [481.98±67.83 gm vs. 499.47±59.59 gm (p=.000)] and birth weight [2.68±0.53 Kg vs. 2.88±0.4 Kg (p=.000)] was significantly lower in high risk as compared to lowrisk participants, whereas placental birth weight ratio was higher in high-risk cases [18.35±2.37 vs. 17.41±1.38 (p=.000)] respectively. Placental weight was positively correlated with birth weight and placental weight and birth weight increased with increasing gestation in both cases and controls. Male neonates had higher placental weight [492.74±68.24 gm vs. 488±58.8 gm (p=0.224)] and birth weight [2.81±0.5 Kg vs. 2.74±0.45 Kg (p=0.033)] as compared to females. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission was significantly associated with low placental and birth weight (p=.000). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between placental weight, birth weight and neonatal outcome, hence placental weight can be used as an indirect indicator of intrauterine fetal growth.

Lycopene Modulates Placental Health and Fetal Development Under High‐Fat Diet During Pregnancy of Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 2001148
Author(s):  
Shishuai Sun ◽  
Chunyu Cao ◽  
Jibo Li ◽  
Qingwei Meng ◽  
Baojing Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Birth weight and adult earnings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mark J. Lambiris ◽  
Mia M. Blakstad ◽  
Nandita Perumal ◽  
Goodarz Danaei ◽  
Lilia Bliznashka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adult Earnings

Abstract While substantial evidence has identified low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) as a risk factor for early life morbidity, mortality and poor childhood development, relatively little is known on the links between birth weight and economic outcomes in adulthood. The objective of this study was to systematically review the economics (EconLit) and biomedical literature (Medline) and estimate the pooled association between birth weight and adult earnings. A total of 15 studies from mostly high-income countries were included. On average, each standard deviation increase in birth weight was associated with a 2.75% increase in annual earnings [(95% CI: 1.44 to 4.07); 9 estimates]. A negative, but not statistically significant, association was found between being born LBW and earnings, compared to individuals not born LBW [mean difference: −3.41% (95% CI: −7.55 to 0.73); 7 estimates]. No studies from low-income countries were identified and all studies were observational. Overall, birth weight was consistently associated with adult earnings, and therefore, interventions that improve birth weight may provide beneficial effects on adult economic outcomes.

The beneficial effects of Lactobacillus fermented black barley on high fat diet-induced fatty liver in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Guan ◽  
Xinwen Ding ◽  
Lingyue Zhong ◽  
Chuang Zhu ◽  
Pan Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

Long term high-fat diet (HF) can cause metabolic disorders, which might induce fatty liver. Fermented whole cereal food exhibit healthy potential due to their unique phytochemical composition and probiotics. In...

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