scholarly journals The Relationship Between Whole Grain Intake and Body Weight: Results of Meta-analyses of Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials (FS18-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Maki ◽  
Orsolya Palacios ◽  
Katie Koecher ◽  
Caleigh Sawicki ◽  
Kara Livingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives To analyze data from observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the relationship between whole grain (WG) intake and weight status. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted, using Ovid/Medline, to identify observational studies and RCTs assessing WG food intake and weight status in adults. Meta-regression analysis was used to derive pooled estimates from cross-sectional studies, and a meta-analysis with random effects modeling was used to derive pooled estimates from RCTs. Prospective cohort results were assessed qualitatively since differences in methods and outcomes prevented completion of a pooled analysis. Results Eleven publications (12 studies; 136,834 subjects) were included in the meta-regression analysis of cross-sectional data, 8 publications (9 studies; 973 subjects) were included in the meta-analysis of RCTs, and 6 publications were reviewed for qualitative assessment of prospective cohort data. RCT intervention lengths ranged from 12–16 weeks, and WG intake from foods ranged from 32–215 g/d in the WG intervention groups. Meta-regression of cross-sectional studies indicated a significant, inverse correlation between body mass index (BMI) and intake of WG from food: weighted slope −0.0141 kg/m2 per g/d [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.0207, −0.0077; r = −0.526, P = 0.0001]. Meta-analysis of data from RCTs showed a non-significant pooled standardized effect size of −0.049 kg (95% CI −0.297, 0.199, P = 0.698) for the mean difference in weight change for the WG intervention groups compared with controls. No significant differences were observed for secondary variables, including waist circumference and % body fat. Prospective cohort results generally showed inverse associations between weight change and baseline WG intake and change in WG intake over follow-up periods of 5 to 20 years. Conclusions Higher WG intake is significantly inversely associated with BMI in observational studies, but results from RCTs do not show an effect of WG intake on change in weight over periods of up to 16 weeks. RCTs with longer intervention periods are needed to further investigate the potential for WG intake to influence body weight and related anthropometrics. Funding Sources General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Whole Grain Intake and Body Weight: Results of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Maki ◽  
Orsolya M. Palacios ◽  
Katie Koecher ◽  
Caleigh M. Sawicki ◽  
Kara A. Livingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Meta Regression

Results from some observational studies suggest that higher whole grain (WG) intake is associated with lower risk of weight gain. Ovid Medline was used to conduct a literature search for observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing WG food intake and weight status in adults. A meta-regression analysis of cross-sectional data from 12 observational studies (136,834 subjects) and a meta-analysis of nine RCTs (973 subjects) was conducted; six prospective cohort publications were qualitatively reviewed. Cross-sectional data meta-regression results indicate a significant, inverse correlation between WG intake and body mass index (BMI): weighted slope, −0.0141 kg/m2 per g/day of WG intake (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.0207, −0.0077; r = −0.526, p = 0.0001). Prospective cohort results generally showed inverse associations between WG intake and weight change with typical follow-up periods of five to 20 years. RCT meta-analysis results show a nonsignificant pooled standardized effect size of −0.049 kg (95% CI −0.297, 0.199, p = 0.698) for mean difference in weight change (WG versus control interventions). Higher WG intake is significantly inversely associated with BMI in observational studies but not RCTs up to 16 weeks in length; RCTs with longer intervention periods are warranted.

scholarly journals Associations of Whole Grain and Refined Grain Consumption With Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbin Guo ◽  
Jun Ding ◽  
Jieyu Liang ◽  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Embase Database

Background: The associations of whole grain and refined grain consumption with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been evaluated in several epidemiological studies with conflicting results. This meta-analysis was therefore employed to further investigate the above associations.Method: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase database until March 2021 (without restriction for inclusion time), for observational studies on the associations of whole grain and refined grain consumption with MetS. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest vs. lowest category of whole grain and refined grain consumption, as well as their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Results: A total of 14 observational studies, which involved seven cross-sectional and seven prospective cohort studies, were identified. Specifically, nine studies were related to whole grain consumption, and the overall multi-variable adjusted RR demonstrated that the whole grain consumption was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.67–0.97; P = 0.021). With regard to refined grain consumption, 13 studies were included. The overall multi-variable adjusted RR indicated that refined grain consumption was positively associated with MetS (RR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.02–1.84; P = 0.036).Conclusions: The existing evidence suggests that whole grain consumption is negatively associated with MetS, whereas refined grain consumption is positively associated with MetS. Our result might be helpful to better consider the diet effect on MetS. However, more well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed to elaborate the concerned issues further.

Early Commencement of Enteral Feeds in Gastroschisis: A Systematic Review of Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 503-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Dama ◽  
Uday Rao ◽  
Ian Gollow ◽  
Max Bulsara ◽  
Shripada Rao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction There are no evidence-based strategies to improve feed tolerance in gastroschisis. Early commencement of enteral feeds (CEF) is known to improve feed tolerance in preterm infants. It is possible that infants with gastroschisis may also benefit from early CEF. Objective To conduct a systematic review to evaluate the relationship between time of CEF, and time to reach full enteral feeds (FEF), duration of parenteral nutrition (PN), and duration of hospital stay (HS). Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and relevant conference abstracts were searched in December 2015. Studies of any design reporting on time to CEF and one or more of the outcomes of interest were included. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to find the association between time to CEF and the outcomes of interest. Results There were no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing early (≤7 days from birth) versus delayed (>7 days) CEF. Forty-two observational studies on gastroschisis (4,835 infants) where feed-related information was available were included. Meta-regression results indicated that each day delay in CEF was associated with a delay of an additional 1.4 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95, 1.85) to FEF, 2.05 days (95% CI: 1.50, 2.59) to the duration of PN, and 1.91 days (95% CI: 1.37, 2.45) to the duration of HS. Sensitivity analysis after excluding studies that provided information exclusively on complex gastroschisis continued to show beneficial effects of early CEF. Conclusion Early CEF may be associated with early attainment of FEF in gastroschisis. RCTs comparing early versus delayed CEF are needed urgently.

scholarly journals Association between HIV infection and hypertension: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Davis ◽  
Pablo Perez-Guzman ◽  
Annika Hoyer ◽  
Ralph Brinks ◽  
Edward Gregg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Improved access to effective antiretroviral therapy has meant that people living with HIV (PLHIV) are surviving to older ages. However, PLHIV may be ageing differently to HIV-negative individuals, with dissimilar burdens of non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension. While some observational studies have reported a higher risk of prevalent hypertension among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals, others have found a reduced burden. To clarify the relationship between HIV and hypertension, we identified observational studies and pooled their results to assess whether there is a difference in hypertension risk by HIV status. Methods We performed a global systematic review and meta-analysis of published cross-sectional studies that examined hypertension risk by HIV status among adults aged > 15 (PROSPERO: CRD42019151359). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health and Cochrane CENTRAL to August 23, 2020, and checked reference lists of included articles. Our main outcome was the risk ratio for prevalent hypertension in PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals. Summary estimates were pooled with a random effects model and meta-regression explored whether any difference was associated with study-level factors. Results Of 21,527 identified studies, 59 were eligible (11,101,581 participants). Crude global hypertension risk was lower among PLHIV than HIV-negative individuals (risk ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.96), although heterogeneity between studies was high (I2 = 97%, p < 0.0001). The relationship varied by continent, with risk higher among PLHIV in North America (1.12, 1.02–1.23) and lower among PLHIV in Africa (0.75, 0.68–0.83) and Asia (0.77, 0.63–0.95). Meta-regression revealed strong evidence of a difference in risk ratios when comparing North American and European studies to African ones (North America 1.45, 1.21–1.74; Europe 1.20, 1.03–1.40). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the relationship between HIV status and prevalent hypertension differs by region. The results highlight the need to tailor hypertension prevention and care to local contexts and underscore the importance of rapidly optimising integration of services for HIV and hypertension in the worst affected regions. The role of different risk factors for hypertension in driving context-specific trends remains unclear, so development of further cohorts of PLHIV and HIV-negative controls focused on this would also be valuable.

The Influence of Breastfeeding Educational Interventions on Breast Engorgement and Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 089033442110292
Author(s):  
Mega Hasanul Huda ◽  
Roselyn Chipojola ◽  
Yen Miao Lin ◽  
Gabrielle T. Lee ◽  
Meei-Ling Shyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Breast Pain ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Effective Components ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

Background Breast engorgement and breast pain are the most common reasons for the early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding by mothers. Research Aims (1) To examine the influence of breastfeeding educational interventions on breast engorgement, breast pain, and exclusive breastfeeding; and (2) to identify effective components for implementing breastfeeding programs. Methods Randomized controlled trials of breastfeeding educational interventions were searched using five English and five Chinese databases. Eligible studies were independently evaluated for methodological quality, and data were extracted by two investigators. In total, 22 trials were identified, and 3,681 participants were included. A random-effects model was used to pool the results, and a subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were conducted. Results Breastfeeding education had a significant influence on reducing breast engorgement at postpartum 3 days (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27, 95% CI [0.15, 0.48] p < .001), 4 days (OR: 0.16, 95% CI [0.11, 0.22], p < .001), and 5–7 days (OR: 0.24, 95% CI [0.08, 0.74], p = .013) and breast pain (standardized mean difference: −1.33, 95% CI [−2.26, −0.40]) at postpartum 4–14 days. Participants who received interventions had higher odds of exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding educational interventions provided through lecture combined with skills practical effectively reduced breast engorgement (OR: 0.21; 95% CI [0.15, 0.28]; p = .001) and improved exclusive breastfeeding at postpartum 1–6 weeks (OR: 2.16; 95% CI [1.65, 2.83]; p = .001). Conclusions Breastfeeding educational interventions have been effective in reducing breast engorgement, breast pain, and improved exclusive breastfeeding. A combination of knowledge and skill-based education has been beneficial for sustaining exclusive breastfeeding by mothers.

scholarly journals Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Polyunsaturated and Trans Fatty Acids During Pregnancy and Offspring Weight Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Ren ◽  
Birgitta Lind Vilhjálmsdóttir ◽  
Jeanett Friis Rohde ◽  
Karen Christina Walker ◽  
Suzanne Elizabeth Runstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Neonatal Blood ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Studies

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) may have an impact on offspring weight development. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines to evaluate whether levels of these fatty acids during pregnancy influenced offspring weight development. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with DHA and/or EPA supplementation or cohort studies, which examined levels of DHA, EPA, or TFAs in maternal or neonatal blood samples and recorded offspring weight, were included. Overall, 27 RCTs and 14 observational studies were identified. The results showed that DHA and/or EPA supplementation doses &gt;650 mg/day resulted in slightly higher birth weight (MD 87.5 g, 95% CI 52.3–122.6, n = 3,831) and combined BMI and BMI z score at 5–10 years (SMD 0.11, 95% CI 0.04–0.18, n = 3,220). These results were rated as moderate quality. Results from the observational studies were generally inconsistent. High TFA levels during pregnancy seemed to be associated with lower birth weight. Finally, this review and meta-analysis supports a relationship between high maternal or neonatal DHA and/or EPA levels and higher offspring birth weight and weight in childhood. More high-quality long-term studies are still needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence And Definitions of Polypharmacy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahin Delara ◽  
Lauren Murray ◽  
Behnaz Jafari ◽  
Anees Bahji ◽  
Zahra Goodarzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Polypharmacy is common associated with several adverse health outcomes. There are currently no systematic reviews or meta-analyses on the prevalence of polypharmacy and associated factors. We aimed to identify population-based observational studies reporting on the prevalence of polypharmacy and factors associated with polypharmacy. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases with no restriction on date. Population-based observational studies with cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort designs using administrative databases or registries to define or measure polypharmacy among individuals over 19. Using a standardized form, two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics, a crude prevalence rate of polypharmacy and its standard error with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of bias and quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The main outcome was the prevalence of polypharmacy and factors associated with polypharmacy. Using a random-effects model, pooled prevalence estimates with 95% CI was reported. Subgroup analysis was performed if significant heterogeneity was explored. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to predict polypharmacy prevalence.RESULTS: 106 full-text articles were identifies using 21 unique terms with 138 descriptive definitions of polypharmacy. The pooled estimated prevalence polypharmacy in studies reporting all medication classes was 37% (95% CI: 31%-43%). Differences in polypharmacy prevalence were reported for studies using different numerical threshold and polypharmacy was also associated with study year in meta-regression. Sex, study geography, study design and study setting were not associated with differences in polypharmacy prevalence. DISCUSSION: Our review highlights that polypharmacy is common particularly among older adults and those in inpatient settings. A variety of definitions are used to define polypharmacy and differences in polypharmacy definitions may have implications for understanding the burden or polypharmacy and outcomes associated with polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians should be aware of the common occurrence of polypharmacy in all populations and undertake efforts to minimize inappropriate polypharmacy whenever possible.

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