Effect of Body Weight and Age on the Pharmacokinetics of Dihydroartemisinin: Food and Drug Administration Basis for Dose Determination of Artesunate for Injection in Pediatric Patients With Severe Malaria

Author(s):  
Eliford Kitabi ◽  
Timothy J Bensman ◽  
Justin C Earp ◽  
Dakshina M Chilukuri ◽  
Heidi Smith ◽  
...  

Abstract For treatment of severe malaria, the World Health Organization recommends 3 mg/kg intravenous artesunate in pediatric patients weighing less than 20 kg. Here we describe the Food and Drug Administration’s rationale for selecting 2.4 mg/kg in pediatric patients weighing less than 20 kg based on literature review and independent analyses.

Author(s):  
Srijan Goswami ◽  
Sagarika Mitra ◽  
Piyasee Paul ◽  
Dipjyoti Dey ◽  
Sankalan Das

The biochemic system of medicine, also known as the inorganic cell salt therapy, pioneered by Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich Schuessler, following the footsteps of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, is the oldest form of nutraceutical therapy approved and recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the complementary therapies. The chapter presents the fundamental ideology and concepts that underlies the promising system of biochemic medicine as concisely, simply, and to-the-point as possible. The chapter begins with a brief introduction to biochemic system, nutrition science, and concepts of nutraceuticals, followed by a brief history and literature review. It covers biochemic system of medicine and its relevant concepts before closing the chapter with a conclusion.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Solomon ◽  
Claudia Nannini

Participation in the World Health Organization (WHO) is a multifaceted matter and should be understood as not only referring to the governance of WHO, but also to its scientific and technical work as well as its collaborative efforts towards advancing global public health more generally. The article is concerned, in particular, with the legal and political framework surrounding attendance and participation of states and various entities in the governing bodies of the Organization, at the global and regional level. It shows that participation in the governance of WHO is still today a domain reserved to the determination of its Member States. At the same time, solutions have been found and continued efforts are necessary to take into account geopolitical considerations and to ensure a meaningful and inclusive participation of all relevant actors in global health discussions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
pp. 01-14
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah Mohamad Zin ◽  
Raja Nurul Hafizah Raja Ismail ◽  
Wan Nur Ainna Waheda Rozali ◽  
Nor Kalsum Mohd Isa

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major concern to the community around the globe at the moment and the World Health Organization (WHO) records a total of more than 200 million cases worldwide. The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the world community, especially in Malaysia, from the socio-economic aspect that leads to mental health issues. The implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) to Malaysians is aimed at breaking the chain of pandemics by making social distancing which began on March 18, 2020, has changed the societal life pattern, especially for adolescents. If it is not managed properly, emotional conflicts such as depression, stress, anxiety, and untreated panic attacks can even affect the mental health of adolescents. There are numerous recent studies on the COVID-19 pandemic have been conducted by researchers from around the world. The COVID-19 outbreak has also affected the education sector in the country. Face-to-face learning cannot be conducted, hence, requires students to learn from home. The Ministry of Education in Malaysia has introduced a new platform to help students to continue their learning through an online learning system. Online learning has its own pros and cons. In these challenging times, the field of education is not falling behind in undergoing a transformation towards a more advanced and systematic learning process. Therefore, online learning is the best way to ensure that students do not fall behind in their studies even when they are at home. However, the implementation of online learning has the potential to affect the mental health of students such as feelings of stress, fear, anxiety, worry, and depression due to not being able to balance the use of computers during learning and to complete assignments as well as internet data problems. A study by the World Health Organization (WHO) found that the number of victims of depression worldwide is estimated to reach 300 million people and the average is of adolescents. This is the silent killer of this generation which is the pillar and hope of the country, therefore it should be given attention and proper treatment. A literature review through the content analysis method is used in this paper to look at the challenges and solutions to the recovery of emotional conflict and mental health. Thus, this paper aims to look at the challenges of this pandemic exploring scientifically the impact of COVID-19 especially in terms of emotional and mental health as well as the impact on the national education system. The attitude of "prevent before it gets worse" is very critical and needs to be given serious attention by the community in facing the escalating challenges during this COVID-19. An understanding of the effects of emotions could generate appropriate prevention measures and approaches that can be implemented to ensure that emotional conflicts can be treated to save those adolescents and inevitably to ensure the well-being of individuals affected by the COVID-19 outbreak.


2022 ◽  
pp. 962-984
Author(s):  
Srijan Goswami ◽  
Sagarika Mitra ◽  
Piyasee Paul ◽  
Dipjyoti Dey ◽  
Sankalan Das

The biochemic system of medicine, also known as the inorganic cell salt therapy, pioneered by Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich Schuessler, following the footsteps of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, is the oldest form of nutraceutical therapy approved and recognized by the World Health Organization as one of the complementary therapies. The chapter presents the fundamental ideology and concepts that underlies the promising system of biochemic medicine as concisely, simply, and to-the-point as possible. The chapter begins with a brief introduction to biochemic system, nutrition science, and concepts of nutraceuticals, followed by a brief history and literature review. It covers biochemic system of medicine and its relevant concepts before closing the chapter with a conclusion.


1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L van Rijn ◽  
N A Schmidt ◽  
W P Rutten

Abstract As recommended by the World Health Organization, standardization of prothrombin time assays involves conversion of prothrombin times into International Normalized Ratios (INR). We investigated the effect of two different methods (Nycomed's Thrombotest, and Instrumentation Laboratory's PT-fibrinogen) and three coagulation instruments (Schnitger & Gross, KC-10, and ACL) on calculations of INR. The INR plots showed considerable scatter of individual values around the regression lines when the two different methods were compared. Systematic differences in the outcome of INR calculation were related to the use of the different coagulation instruments. Prothrombin times obtained with the different instruments were linearly correlated. We used the bias of these lines to correct results for both the patients' samples and the reference samples. This correction yielded INR values from the different instruments that agreed well.


2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Hanson ◽  
Sophia WK Lam ◽  
Sanjib Mohanty ◽  
Shamshul Alam ◽  
Md Mahtab Uddin Hasan ◽  
...  

10.3823/2326 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz Araújo Silva ◽  
Maria Sandra Andrade ◽  
Yohana Véras De Oliveira ◽  
Maria Gabriela Santiago Marques ◽  
Clarissa Mourão Pinho ◽  
...  

This is a literature review that used as database articles in websites like Bireme, SciELO, LILACS, Journals and Webartigos. Development: Trachoma is an ocular inflammatory disease, whose etiological agent is Chlamydia trachomatis, which affects the conjunctiva and cornea causing a chronic relapsing keratoconjunctivitis, in the course of time may lead to the formation of entropion, trichiasis and possible blindness. Its transmission occurs in the home environment, directly or indirectly. The occurrence of trachoma is mostly where hygiene and lifestyle habits are precarious. According to the World Health Organization, there are six million people currently infected. Conclusion: The study shows the importance of knowledge about trachoma, so that Brazil is able to achieve the global goal of eliminating the disease by 2020.


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