COVID-19: THE IMPACT OF PANDEMIC ON EMOTIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL CONFLICTS IN MALAYSIA – A LITERATURE REVIEW

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major concern to the community around the globe at the moment and the World Health Organization (WHO) records a total of more than 200 million cases worldwide. The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the world community, especially in Malaysia, from the socio-economic aspect that leads to mental health issues. The implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) to Malaysians is aimed at breaking the chain of pandemics by making social distancing which began on March 18, 2020, has changed the societal life pattern, especially for adolescents. If it is not managed properly, emotional conflicts such as depression, stress, anxiety, and untreated panic attacks can even affect the mental health of adolescents. There are numerous recent studies on the COVID-19 pandemic have been conducted by researchers from around the world. The COVID-19 outbreak has also affected the education sector in the country. Face-to-face learning cannot be conducted, hence, requires students to learn from home. The Ministry of Education in Malaysia has introduced a new platform to help students to continue their learning through an online learning system. Online learning has its own pros and cons. In these challenging times, the field of education is not falling behind in undergoing a transformation towards a more advanced and systematic learning process. Therefore, online learning is the best way to ensure that students do not fall behind in their studies even when they are at home. However, the implementation of online learning has the potential to affect the mental health of students such as feelings of stress, fear, anxiety, worry, and depression due to not being able to balance the use of computers during learning and to complete assignments as well as internet data problems. A study by the World Health Organization (WHO) found that the number of victims of depression worldwide is estimated to reach 300 million people and the average is of adolescents. This is the silent killer of this generation which is the pillar and hope of the country, therefore it should be given attention and proper treatment. A literature review through the content analysis method is used in this paper to look at the challenges and solutions to the recovery of emotional conflict and mental health. Thus, this paper aims to look at the challenges of this pandemic exploring scientifically the impact of COVID-19 especially in terms of emotional and mental health as well as the impact on the national education system. The attitude of "prevent before it gets worse" is very critical and needs to be given serious attention by the community in facing the escalating challenges during this COVID-19. An understanding of the effects of emotions could generate appropriate prevention measures and approaches that can be implemented to ensure that emotional conflicts can be treated to save those adolescents and inevitably to ensure the well-being of individuals affected by the COVID-19 outbreak.

The Passionate Beliefs. A Defense of the Cognitive-Evaluative Theory of Emotions

The philosophy of emotions has long been dominated by the view called «cognitivism». According to it, emotions are characterized (and definable) not by mere physical impulses but by a cognitive evaluation of their object. However, despite their success, cognitive theories have to deal with various objections and are divided on how to answer to them. In this essay I want to defend the form of cognitivism claimed by Martha Nussbaum from the most common criticisms. After a brief summary of her account, I confront some of the objections that have been raised against it. In Section 2 I deal with the classic problem of emotions in infants and animals, which lack linguistic abilities. Later, I confront the potential problem represented by cases in which one’s emotion and reasoned judgment seem to differ: in paragraph 3 I consider irrational phobias and fears, to show how they can be accounted for in terms of judgments and thoughts, and not only of perceptions; in paragraph 4 I deal with the objection that «judgementalist» theories (that is, those that describe emotions in terms of judgments and beliefs) violate the «principle of charity», for they ascribe an excessive irrationality to people. I argue that experimental evidence suggest that it is not implausible to assume that people have contradictory beliefs under conditions of uncertainty, and that perceptual theories of emotion (which compare emotional conflicts to optical illusions) fail to account for some fundamental aspects of these phenomena. Finally, in paragraph 5, I deal with the objection according to which a cognitive-evaluative theory cannot explain the sense of passivity that we commonly experience in emotions.

Cultural Dissonance: Surfers' Environmental Attitudes and Actions

Surfers often see themselves as “green”. In this study we examine Norwegian surfers' attitudes and actions towards the environment. The article is based on a questionnaire (n = 251) and six qualitative interviews. The results show that most surfers see themselves as environmentally conscious. Oppositely, the data also show that they also buy a lot of surf-related apparel and equipment and travel a lot, and thereby contribute with a lot of CO2-emissions. In the article we investigate the apparent attitude-action gap amongst surfers. Does the gap give rise to emotional conflicts? And, if so, to what degree and how do they cope with it. In the article we start out by analysing such potential conflicts by using the concept cognitive dissonance. Further, we analyse the phenomena from a cultural, Bourdieusian perspective where values within the surf-field is highlighted. On the one hand, surf culture highly values connexion to nature and “green” thinking, on the other hand it also values and gives recognition to surfers that travels to and explore exotic destinations. Hence, values within surf culture leads surfers to conflicting actions. We end the article by discussing if these conflicts could be framed as cultural dissonance.

Music Recommendation System based on Emotions in User’s Social Media behaviour

<p>The modern lifestyle makes people more competitive. It can lead to more stressful situations in our lifestyle. With the changes in human emotional behaviour, they tend to share their feelings on social media platforms rather than communicating with relatives. Studies proved that people used to listen to music to avoid emotional situations in their life. But there is no proper way to get the most accurate music to listen to and avoid emotional conflicts.</p> <p> </p> <p>Resolving these conflicts, the music recommendation system based on emotion introduced. It analyses the users' recent social media content and detects the various kind of emotions. To ensure that the suggested music is relevant to users emotions, the lyrics analysing was done using natural language processing techniques to identify the music emotions. Most people pay attention to the meaning of the songs, that was the major reason to consider the emotions of the lyrics.</p>

Music Recommendation System based on Emotions in User’s Social Media behaviour

<p>The modern lifestyle makes people more competitive. It can lead to more stressful situations in our lifestyle. With the changes in human emotional behaviour, they tend to share their feelings on social media platforms rather than communicating with relatives. Studies proved that people used to listen to music to avoid emotional situations in their life. But there is no proper way to get the most accurate music to listen to and avoid emotional conflicts.</p> <p> </p> <p>Resolving these conflicts, the music recommendation system based on emotion introduced. It analyses the users' recent social media content and detects the various kind of emotions. To ensure that the suggested music is relevant to users emotions, the lyrics analysing was done using natural language processing techniques to identify the music emotions. Most people pay attention to the meaning of the songs, that was the major reason to consider the emotions of the lyrics.</p>

Combination of Transactional Analysis Therapy and Hypnotherapy in the Treatment of Emotional Conflicts: A Case Study in Iran

The purpose of this study is to introduce a successful combination of transactional analysis therapy and hypnotherapy in the treatment of clients with emotional conflicts. The client was a 38-year-old woman who had visited a clinic due to family conflicts with her husband. Following the first stage of therapy, the family conflicts were resolved by problem focus therapy, so the client stopped the therapy. Yet she revisited the psychological clinic after three months. In the second six sessions, initially Transactional Analysis was used to solve the emotional conflicts. At the end of the sixth session, though, the therapist realized that some of the conflicts had remained unresolved. Therefore, the therapist decided to recreate the principles of transnational analysis indirectly through hypnotic trance and used this synthetic approach to act out emotionally and resolved the conflicts. In the follow-up sessions after the hypnotherapy, the client appeared stable and the therapist witnessed no disturbance in the client&rsquo;s behaviors and emotions. The client&rsquo;s emotional conflicts had been resolved.

Sirojul Ummah: Music in Social Interaction

This article describes music’s role in social interactions carried out by female members of the Marawis group Sirojul Ummah. The Marawis music is the medium they use in their efforts to convey Islamic knowledge and understanding, both for this group itself and for the surrounding community. The research method used is qualitative, in which data are collected from observations, interviews, and literature review, while the technique in analyzing data is done through a contextual approach. Social interaction in this study is viewed from the associative and dissociative aspects in the form of actions that include rational instrumental action, value rational action, effective action, and traditional action. Music is present in each of these actions. Music is both a subject and an object in social interaction, both in-groups, and out-groups. The associative and dissociative aspects of in-groups can be seen from how musical ideas and performances are developed and honed through practice activities. This activity is carried out because good musical performance is supported by techniques and methods of singing, playing, and presenting musical articulation, ornamentation, and harmonization. At the same time, the associative and dissociative aspects of out-groups can be seen from their activities in filling out events in society. The interaction process is built-in pleasant and informal situations which are shaped by an interest in music and family relationships. Since childhood, they have known each other; thus, they understand the characteristics of each person. Maturity, the maturity of thinking, and acting tend to avoid emotional conflicts that may occur. In this context, music is not only a medium for interaction, but can be a motivation in building these interactions.

Histories and Theories in Childhood Studies

Childhood studies is an interdisciplinary area of theory and research comprised of intersecting fields that have evolved since the inception of childhood itself. Despite the pervasiveness of psychological frameworks that predominate early studies of childhood and that continue to dominate within teacher education programs, paradigmatic shifts within childhood studies have opened critical questions about the exclusive social norms, racial privileges, and unequal life chances maintained by the idea of childhood as a biologically determined and universal stage of life. Across a range of perspectives, critical scholarship in childhood studies begins with the idea that childhood is a social and historical construction tied to colonial discourses and ongoing injustices that have material effects on children’s lives. Drawing on the fields of history, sociology, postcolonial studies, psychoanalysis, and educational theory, scholars of childhood show how childhood is inextricably bound to philosophical ideals, political forces, social constructs, and emotional conflicts. In identifying and interrogating the ways that race, class, ability, gender, and sexuality affect and limit meanings of childhood, scholars open new metaphors for rethinking social life, development, belonging, relationality, and existence as such.

Diagnóstico de indicadores de violencia escolar en adolescentes

The adolescent manifests a set of interests that, through school violence, make up behavioral and emotional conflicts in the course of development and social adjustment, therefore, the description and measurement of the main types of violence projects a danger in school areas, especially due to the normalization of such aggressiveness. Objective: to diagnose the type of aggressive behavior of adolescents aged 12 to 15 years, through screening tests, thus integrating focus groups within an institutionalized educational framework, through a study quantitative type of descriptive-transversal cut, not experimental. Methodology: To achieve the objective, various evaluation techniques were used, the first was Resolution and perspective of school violence conflict, followed by the Instrument for School Harassment and Violence (AVE), which based the diagnosis phase in an analyzed sample of n = 568 students. Contribution: the high level of parenting neglect could be identified, as well as the deterioration of self-concept, suicidal ideas and lack of attachment to parental figures.