High Relative Frequency of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Among Patients With Reportable Enteric Pathogens, Minnesota, 2016–2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Beczkiewicz ◽  
Elizabeth Cebelinski ◽  
Marijke Decuir ◽  
Victoria Lappi ◽  
Xiong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Enteric Pathogen ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Culture Independent

AbstractBackgroundEnteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is increasingly recognized as an enteric pathogen as clinical laboratories transition to culture-independent diagnostic tests that detect EAEC. To date, epidemiological studies have focused on children aged <5 years, and information on EAEC incidence, illness outcomes, and transmission avenues is limited.MethodsEnteric disease surveillance data in Minnesota were used to describe EAEC illnesses reported to the Minnesota Department of Health from September 2016 through August 2017. We determined laboratory characteristics of EAEC using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and next-generation sequencing. Frequency of EAEC illness, demographic profile of cases, clinical characteristics of illness, and plausible food or environmental exposures leading to EAEC transmission were assessed.ResultsDuring the study period, 329 EAEC cases were reported. Among a subset of health systems able to detect EAEC over the entire study, EAEC was the second most common reportable enteric pathogen detected after Campylobacter and the most detected diarrheagenic E. coli pathotype. No other reportable enteric pathogens were detected among 75.3% of EAEC cases, and 68% of cases reported no international travel before onset. Several virulence genes were associated with clinical characteristics.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that EAEC is a likely causative agent of diarrheal illness in the United States. Our study contributes to criteria development for identification of pathogenic EAEC and proposes potential exposure avenues.

scholarly journals Role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in Spain

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muñoz ◽  
M. Álvarez ◽  
I. Lanza ◽  
P. Cármenes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neonatal Diarrhoea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

SummaryFaeces samples from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids aged 1–45 days were examined for enteric pathogens.Cryptosporidium parvumwas detected in both diarrhoeic lambs (45%) and goat kids (42%) but not in non-diarrhoeic animals. F5+(K99+) and/or F41+Escherichia colistrains were isolated from 26% and 22% of the diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids, respectively, although these strains, which did not produce enterotoxins ST I or LT I, were found with similar frequencies in non-diarrhoeic animals. A F5−F41−ST I+E. colistrain was isolated from a diarrhoeic lamb (0·6%). VerotoxigenicE. coliwas isolated from both diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs (4·1% and 8·2%, respectively) and there was no association between infection and diarrhoea. The prevalence of group A rotavirus infection in diarrhoeic lambs was very low (2·1%). Groups A and B rotaviruses were detected in three (8·1%) and five (13·5%) diarrhoeic goat kids from two single outbreaks. Group C rotaviruses were detected in four non-diarrhoeic goat kids. An association of diarrhoea and infection was demonstrated only for group B rotavirus.Clostridium perfringenswas isolated from 10·8% of the diarrhoeic goat kids but not from non-diarrhoeic goat kids or lambs.Salmonella arizonaewas isolated from a diarrhoeic goat kid (2·7%) and the clinical characteristics of the outbreaks where these two latter enteropathogens were found different from the rest. Picobirnaviruses were detected in a diarrhoeic lamb. No coronaviruses were detected using a bovine coronavirus ELISA. No evidence was found of synergistic effect between the agents studied. Enteric pathogens were not found in four (8·7%) and three (20%) outbreaks of diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids, respectively.

OzFoodNet into the future: the rapid evolution of foodborne disease surveillance in Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Ben Polkinghorne ◽  
Anthony Draper ◽  
Michelle Harlock ◽  
Robyn Leader
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Culture Independent

OzFoodNet is Australia's national enhanced foodborne disease surveillance network. OzFoodNet is currently evolving in order to meet the most significant challenges faced since it commenced in 2000: the transition to culture independent diagnostic tests and the introduction of whole genome sequencing for typing of enteric pathogens. This has changed the nature of foodborne disease surveillance and outbreak investigation in Australia.

scholarly journals Clinical Microbiology Laboratories' Adoption of Culture-Independent Diagnostic Tests Is a Threat to Foodborne-Disease Surveillance in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Shea ◽  
Kristy A. Kubota ◽  
Hugh Maguire ◽  
Stephen Gladbach ◽  
Amy Woron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Culture Independent

INTRODUCTION In November 2015, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sent a letter to state and territorial epidemiologists, state and territorial public health laboratory directors, and state and territorial health officials. In this letter, culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) for detection of enteric pathogens were characterized as “a serious and current threat to public health surveillance, particularly for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella .” The document says CDC and its public health partners are approaching this issue, in part, by “reviewing regulatory authority in public health agencies to require culture isolates or specimen submission if CIDTs are used.” Large-scale foodborne outbreaks are a continuing threat to public health, and tracking these outbreaks is an important tool in shortening them and developing strategies to prevent them. It is clear that the use of CIDTs for enteric pathogen detection, including both antigen detection and multiplex nucleic acid amplification techniques, is becoming more widespread. Furthermore, some clinical microbiology laboratories will resist the mandate to require submission of culture isolates, since it will likely not improve patient outcomes but may add significant costs. Specimen submission would be less expensive and time-consuming for clinical laboratories; however, this approach would be burdensome for public health laboratories, since those laboratories would need to perform culture isolation prior to typing. Shari Shea and Kristy Kubota from the Association of Public Health Laboratories, along with state public health laboratory officials from Colorado, Missouri, Tennessee, and Utah, will explain the public health laboratories' perspective on why having access to isolates of enteric pathogens is essential for public health surveillance, detection, and tracking of outbreaks and offer potential workable solutions which will allow them to do this. Marc Couturier of ARUP Laboratories and Melissa Miller of the University of North Carolina will explain the advantages of CIDTs for enteric pathogens and discuss practical solutions for clinical microbiology laboratories to address these public health needs.

scholarly journals Association of Ct Values from Real-Time PCR with Culture in Microbiological Clearance Samples for Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Michael Bording-Jorgensen ◽  
Brendon D. Parsons ◽  
Gillian A.M. Tarr ◽  
Binal Shah-Gandhi ◽  
Colin Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
Culture Positivity ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Stool Samples

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are associated with acute gastroenteritis worldwide, which induces a high economic burden on both healthcare and individuals. Culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDT) in frontline microbiology laboratories have been implemented in Alberta since 2019. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between gene detection and culture positivity over time using STEC microbiological clearance samples and also to establish the frequency of specimen submission. Both stx genes’ amplification by real-time PCR was performed with DNA extracted from stool samples using the easyMAG system. Stools were inoculated onto chromogenic agar for culture. An association between gene detection and culture positivity was found to be independent of which stx gene was present. CIDT can provide rapid reporting with less hands-on time and technical expertise. However, culture is still important for surveillance and early cluster detection. In addition, stool submissions could be reduced from daily to every 3–5 days until a sample is negative by culture.

State Intervention During Public Health Emergencies: Is the United States Prepared for an Ebola Outbreak?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Helen Maras ◽  
Michelle D. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
American Government ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bioterrorism Agent ◽  
Legal Guidelines

AbstractIn the fall of 2014, the US was faced with the reality that a deadly, foreign virus had entered its borders. Ebola, a disease thought to be of little threat to the US yet classified as a major bioterrorism agent, became a reality for the American government and its citizens. The introduction of Ebola unveiled many deficiencies in the country’s health care system, international travel policies, and ability to control or restrict the movement of exposed individuals in order to protect the larger population. The need to review and establish legal guidelines and policies to deal with these deficiencies is paramount: the inherent lack of training and education; weaknesses in monitoring, maintenance, and treatment; and the lack of uniform guidelines to isolate international travelers have all demonstrated that the country may not be able to control a larger-scale threat in the future.

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