scholarly journals Role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in Spain

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muñoz ◽  
M. Álvarez ◽  
I. Lanza ◽  
P. Cármenes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neonatal Diarrhoea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

SummaryFaeces samples from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids aged 1–45 days were examined for enteric pathogens.Cryptosporidium parvumwas detected in both diarrhoeic lambs (45%) and goat kids (42%) but not in non-diarrhoeic animals. F5+(K99+) and/or F41+Escherichia colistrains were isolated from 26% and 22% of the diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids, respectively, although these strains, which did not produce enterotoxins ST I or LT I, were found with similar frequencies in non-diarrhoeic animals. A F5−F41−ST I+E. colistrain was isolated from a diarrhoeic lamb (0·6%). VerotoxigenicE. coliwas isolated from both diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs (4·1% and 8·2%, respectively) and there was no association between infection and diarrhoea. The prevalence of group A rotavirus infection in diarrhoeic lambs was very low (2·1%). Groups A and B rotaviruses were detected in three (8·1%) and five (13·5%) diarrhoeic goat kids from two single outbreaks. Group C rotaviruses were detected in four non-diarrhoeic goat kids. An association of diarrhoea and infection was demonstrated only for group B rotavirus.Clostridium perfringenswas isolated from 10·8% of the diarrhoeic goat kids but not from non-diarrhoeic goat kids or lambs.Salmonella arizonaewas isolated from a diarrhoeic goat kid (2·7%) and the clinical characteristics of the outbreaks where these two latter enteropathogens were found different from the rest. Picobirnaviruses were detected in a diarrhoeic lamb. No coronaviruses were detected using a bovine coronavirus ELISA. No evidence was found of synergistic effect between the agents studied. Enteric pathogens were not found in four (8·7%) and three (20%) outbreaks of diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids, respectively.

scholarly journals DiarrheagenicEscherichia coliPhylogroups Are Associated with Antibiotic Resistance and Duration of Diarrheal Episode

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Mosquito ◽  
Maria J. Pons ◽  
Maribel Riveros ◽  
Joaquim Ruiz ◽  
Theresa J. Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Persistent Diarrhea ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheal Episode ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group D

Conventionally, inEscherichia coli, phylogenetic groups A and B1 are associated with commensal strains while B2 and D are associated with extraintestinal strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate diarrheagenic (DEC) and commensalE. coliphylogeny and its association with antibiotic resistance and clinical characteristics of the diarrheal episode. Phylogenetic groups and antibiotic resistance of 369E. colistrains (commensal strains and DEC from children with or without diarrhea) isolated from Peruvian children <1 year of age were determined by a Clermont triplex PCR and Kirby-Bauer method, respectively. The distribution of the 369E. colistrains among the 4 phylogenetic groups was A (40%), D (31%), B1 (21%), and B2 (8%). DEC-control strains were more associated with group A while DEC-diarrhea strains were more associated with group D(P<0.05). There was a tendency(P=0.06)for higher proportion of persistent diarrhea (≥14 days) among severe groups (B2 and D) in comparison with nonsevere groups (A and B1). Strains belonging to group D presented significantly higher percentages of multidrug resistance than the rest of the groups(P>0.01). In summary, DEC-diarrhea strains were more associated with group D than strains from healthy controls.

scholarly journals Norwegian Sheep Are an Important Reservoir for Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 4083-4091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin T. Brandal ◽  
Camilla Sekse ◽  
Bjørn-Arne Lindstedt ◽  
Marianne Sunde ◽  
Inger Løbersli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Allele Type ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACTA previous national survey ofEscherichia coliin Norwegian sheep detectedeae-positive (eae+)E. coliO26:H11 isolates in 16.3% (80/491) of the flocks. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the human-pathogenic potential of these ovine isolates by comparing them withE. coliO26 isolates from humans infected in Norway. All humanE. coliO26 isolates studied carried theeaegene and shared flagellar type H11. Two-thirds of the sheep flocks and 95.1% of the patients harbored isolates containingarcAallele type 2 andespKand were classified as enterohemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) (stxpositive) or EHEC-like (stxnegative). These isolates were further divided into group A (EspK2 positive), associated withstx2-EDL933andstcEO103, and group B (EspK1 positive), associated withstx1a. Although thestxgenes were more frequently present in isolates from patients (46.3%) than in those from sheep flocks (5%), more than half of the ovine isolates in the EHEC/EHEC-like group had multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) profiles that were identical to those seen instx-positive human O26:H11 isolates. This indicates that EHEC-like ovine isolates may be able to acquirestx-carrying bacteriophages and thereby have the possibility to cause serious illness in humans. The remaining one-third of the sheep flocks and two of the patients had isolates fulfilling the criteria for atypical enteropathogenicE. coli(aEPEC):arcAallele type 1 andespKnegative (group C). The majority of these ovine isolates showed MLVA profiles not previously seen inE. coliO26:H11 isolates from humans. However, according to their virulence gene profile, the aEPEC ovine isolates should be considered potentially pathogenic for humans. In conclusion, sheep are an important reservoir of human-pathogenicE. coliO26:H11 isolates in Norway.

scholarly journals PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO COMPOSITE FORMALIN-INACTIVATED STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE AND ESCHERICHIA COLI IN RABBITS

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-180
Author(s):  
M Avais ◽  
G Muhammad ◽  
A Shahzad ◽  
MQ Bilal ◽  
S Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Twenty buffaloes clinically positive for mastitis were selected for the collection of milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli were isolated from milk of mastitic buffaloes according to the procedures recommended by National Mastitis Council Inc., USA. The composite antigen containing S. aureus, Str. Agalactiae and E. coli was then prepared and the concentration of each isolate was adjusted to 1 x 109 cells / ml. To evaluate the antibody response, nine adult healthy rabbits were divided randomly into three groups (A, B and C) consisting of 3 rabbits each. Composite antigen preparation was injected subcutaneously to the rabbits of groups A and B @ 0.2 ml / rabbit while each rabbit of group C inoculated with 0.2 ml normal saline and served as control. The rabbits of group B were given a booster dose at day 15 of the primary injection to see the secondary antibody response. The level of antibodies specific to S. aureus, Str. agalactiae and E. coli were assayed by indirect haemagglutination test (HA) and finally geometric mean titre (GMT) was calculated. At day 0 to 15, it was observed that the antibody titre was almost same in both groups. At day 30 significant difference in antibody titres was observed between group A and B with GMT of 9.8 against S. aureus, and Str. agalactiae in group A whereas in group B GMT was 97.0 against S. aureus and 39.4 against Str. agalactiae which was higher than group A. The GMT against E. coli was 12.1 and 24.3 in group A and B, respectively. At day 45 and 60 there was progressive decrease in antibody titre against Str. agalactiae in group B. The antibody titre against S. aureus first increased at day 45 and then decreased at day 60 whereas the antibody titre against E. coli remained persistent till day 60 in rabbits of group B. Furthermore, the primary antibody response to E. coli of composite antigen was higher (GMT, 12.1 at day 15) compared with S. aureus and Str. agalactiae (GMT, 9.8 at day 15) whereas the secondary antibody response to S. aureus was higher (GMT, 128) compared with Str. agaiactiae and E. coli (GMT, 24.3 at day 45).

Ultrastructure des phages de lysotypie des Escherichia coli 0127 :B8

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-W. Ackermann ◽  
L. Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Negative Staining ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Length Group ◽  
Long Tails ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The nine typing phages of the enteropathogenic E. coli 0127:B8 have been studied by negative staining. They represent five morphological types. The phages 3, 7, and 9 possess tails with contractile sheath and belong to the group A of Bradley. Phages 2, 4, 5, and 6 have long tails without sheath (group B). Phages 1 and 8 show short tails of only 190 Å length (group C). Groups A and B include both phages with elongated heads (phages 3 and 5) and isometric heads. All isometric heads are octahedra. Phage 3 resembles T-even phages.

scholarly journals Antibiotics susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from clinical specimens before and during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eustachius Hagni Wardoyo ◽  
I Wayan Suardana ◽  
I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa ◽  
I Dewa Made Sukrama
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group A ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Group B ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative organism causing mild to severe infections, with a wide spectrum range of organs involved. The study aimed to describe antibiotics susceptibility of E. coli from clinical specimens from October 11, 2019 to September 11, 2020. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted retrospectively in a private microbiology laboratory in Mataram Indonesia. Period of study divided as two groups after WHO declared COVID-19 as pandemic by March 11, 2020; group A including the specimen related to September 2019 to March 11 th 2020 and group B including the specimens related to March 11 th 2020 to September 2020. All clinical specimens were subjected to identify E. coli isolates and their antibiotics susceptibility using WHO-NET 5.6 version. Results: Totally, 148 E. coli isolates were found in group A and 62 isolates in group B. Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)- producing E. coli in group A was 50% and in group B was 20.9% with significantly difference (p<0.05). There was an increase in susceptibility to 10/16 antibiotics; where 3 antibiotics ofloxacin, aztreonam, and fosfomycin were significant (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in susceptibility to the antibiotics piperacillin (p=0.012), amoxicillin (p=0.002), cefadroxil (p=0.036) and ampicillin (p=0.036). Type of infections between two groups: musculoskeletal infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections and sepsis were not significant. Conclusion: Reduced number of E. coli isolates between two groups with decrease of ESBL-producing E. coli contribute in dynamics of antibiotics susceptibility. The longer period of analysis is needed to be done, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Identifying and Treating of Uterine Infection in Cows of Basrah city

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Moaed H. Sayhood
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Uterine Infection ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
All Treatment

The present study was conducted from December 2015 to February 2017 on a local breeds and Holstein Friesian with 88 cows (age 4-12). Metritis was diagnosed by clinical examinations using gloved hand and rectal uterine palpation as well as by bacteriological examinations using swabs. Antibiotic therapy was applied for the treatment of metritis in cow followed by one injection of luteinizing hormone. Examined cows were randomly divided into five groups. In group A (n=15), administration of oxytetracycline was used for one day. Group B (n = 18), received lugols iodine for one day. Group C (n = 22), received penicillin with streptomaycin for one day. Group D (n=7) received intramuscular administration of gentamycin for one day. Finally, group E (n=26) received safapirin for one day . All treatment followed by one injection of luteinizing hormone. Different type of bacteria was isolated from the cow uterus including Escherichia coli (40%), Proteus vulgaris (13.63%), Corynebacterium pyogenes (6.81%), Staphylococcus pyogenes (20.45%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.68%), and Streptococcus spp.(7.95%). E. coli was frequently isolated from the cow uterus (40%). Safapirin and penicillin-streptomaycin were the most effective in treating metritis as they represented 84.61% and 81.81%, respectively. Lugols iodine and oxytetracycline, were also considerably effective in treating metritis as they represented 61.11% and 60.00%, whereas gentamycin intramuscularly accounted about 28.57%.

Tissue Ki67 proliferative index expression and pathological changes in hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae: Preliminary single-center results

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110154
Author(s):  
Raffaella Mauro ◽  
Cristina Rocchi ◽  
Francesco Vasuri ◽  
Alessia Pini ◽  
Anna Laura Croci Chiocchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Group B

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis integrates outward remodeling with vessel wall thickening in response to drastic hemodynamic changes. Aim of this study is to determine the role of Ki67, a well-established proliferative marker, related to AVF, and its relationship with time-dependent histological morphologic changes. Materials and methods: All patients were enrolled in 1 year and stratified in two groups: (A) pre-dialysis patients submitted to first AVF and (B) patients submitted to revision of AVF. Morphological changes: neo-angiogenesis (NAG), myointimal thickening (MIT), inflammatory infiltrate (IT), and aneurysmatic fistula degeneration (AD). The time of AVF creation was recorded. A biopsy of native vein in Group A and of arterialized vein in Group B was submitted to histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. IHC for Ki67 was automatically performed in all specimens. Ki67 immunoreactivity was assessed as the mean number of positive cells on several high-power fields, counted in the hot spots. Results: A total of 138 patients were enrolled, 69 (50.0%) Group A and 69 (50.0%) Group B. No NAG or MIT were found in Group A. Seven (10.1%) Group A veins showed a mild MIT. Analyzing the Group B, a moderate-to-severe MIT was present in 35 (50.7%), IT in 19 (27.5%), NAG in 37 (53.6%); AD was present in 10 (14.5%). All AVF of Group B with the exception of one (1.4%) showed a positivity for Ki67, with a mean of 12.31 ± 13.79 positive cells/hot spot (range 0–65). Ki67-immunoreactive cells had a subendothelial localization in 23 (33.3%) cases, a myointimal localization in SMC in 35 (50.7%) cases. The number of positive cells was significantly correlated with subendothelial localization of Ki67 ( p = 0.001) and with NA ( p = 0.001). Conclusions: Native veins do not contain cycling cells. In contrast, vascular cell proliferation starts immediately after AVF creation and persists independently of the time the fistula is set up. The amount of proliferating cells is significantly associated with MIT and subendothelial localization of Ki67-immunoreactive cells, thus suggesting a role of Ki-67 index in predicting AVF failure.

scholarly journals High Basal Maximal Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) in Follicular Lymphoma Identifies Patients with a Low Risk of Long-Term Relapse

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2876
Author(s):  
Giovanni Manfredi Assanto ◽  
Giulia Ciotti ◽  
Mattia Brescini ◽  
Maria Lucia De Luca ◽  
Giorgia Annechini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Metabolic Tumor Volume ◽  
Late Relapse ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Despite that the unfavorable prognostic role of a high Total Metabolic Tumor Volume (TMTV) in Follicular Lymphoma has been demonstrated, the role of SUVmax alone at baseline PET/CT could have a different prognostic role. Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective observational monocentric cohort study. All patients affected by FL who underwent a basal PET/CT were included. Two subgroups were identified and compared in terms of PFS and OS: (A) Basal SUVmax ≤ 6; and (B) Basal SUVmax > 6. Results: Ninety-four patients were included, 34 in group A (36.2%) and 60 in group B (63.8%). The PFS at two years was comparable in the two groups (97%). The five-year PFS was 73.5% for group A and 95% for group B (p 0.005). The five-year PFS in the whole cohort was 87.5%. A clear advantage was confirmed in group A in the absence of other risk factors. Patients with SUVmax ≤ 6 and no risk factors showed a 5-year PFS of 73% against 83% for patients with SUVmax > 6 and at least two risk factors. Conclusion: A high FDG uptake favorably correlated with PFS. A low basal SUVmax reflected a higher rate of late relapse requiring a prolonged follow-up. The basal SUVmax is an approachable parameter with prognostic implications.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of late diastolic tissue doppler parameters after onset of STEMI: from the view point of the timing of the echocardipography

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Iwahashi ◽  
J Kirigaya ◽  
M Horii ◽  
T Abe ◽  
E Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Atrial Function ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Group A ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Group B ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The early transmitral flow velocity (E) divided by the early diastolic velocity of the mitral valve annulus (e') is referred to as the “E/e' ratio,” is useful even for ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the role of late diastolic velocity (a') which reveals the atrial function for STEMI is still unclear. Objectives We evaluated the clinical usefulness of tissue Doppler including atrial function for a first-time STEMI by long time follow up. Furthermore, we evaluated the meaning of each parameters by performing immediately after PCI or 2 weeks later. Methods We treated consecutive 571 first-time STEMI patients by immediate PCI within 12 hours after onset, and we examined 270 patients at immediately after PCI (GroupA, 65 years, 250 male) and 301 patients at 2 weeks after onset (GroupB, 64 years, 243 male). We examined trans mitral flow and TDI, then defined E/e' as LV filling pressure and A/a' as left atrial function. We followed them for a long time (&gt;5 years). The primary end point (PE) was cardiac death or re-admission for heart failure (HF). Results We followed the patients in Group A for 10 years, Group B for 5 years. PE occurred in 64 patients in GroupA during 10 years, and 45 patients in GroupB during 5 years. We analyzed the univariate and multivariate Cox hazard analyses and we compared e' and a', E/e' and A/a' (Table). In GroupA, a' and A/a' were the independent predictors, on the other hand neither a' nor A/a' were the predictors in GroupB. E/e' was an independent predictor both in GroupA and B. Conclusion TDI parameters have different meanings by the timing of echocardiography after onset of a first-time STEMI. These results demonstrated that atrial dysfunction immediately after onset of STEMI suggests the poor prognosis after STEMI. Cox Hazard Proportional Analysis Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Roles of the C-Terminal Amino Acids of Non-Hexameric Helicases: Insights from Escherichia coli UvrD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Yokota
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
E Coli ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Terminal Amino

Helicases are nucleic acid-unwinding enzymes that are involved in the maintenance of genome integrity. Several parts of the amino acid sequences of helicases are very similar, and these quite well-conserved amino acid sequences are termed “helicase motifs”. Previous studies by X-ray crystallography and single-molecule measurements have suggested a common underlying mechanism for their function. These studies indicate the role of the helicase motifs in unwinding nucleic acids. In contrast, the sequence and length of the C-terminal amino acids of helicases are highly variable. In this paper, I review past and recent studies that proposed helicase mechanisms and studies that investigated the roles of the C-terminal amino acids on helicase and dimerization activities, primarily on the non-hexermeric Escherichia coli (E. coli) UvrD helicase. Then, I center on my recent study of single-molecule direct visualization of a UvrD mutant lacking the C-terminal 40 amino acids (UvrDΔ40C) used in studies proposing the monomer helicase model. The study demonstrated that multiple UvrDΔ40C molecules jointly participated in DNA unwinding, presumably by forming an oligomer. Thus, the single-molecule observation addressed how the C-terminal amino acids affect the number of helicases bound to DNA, oligomerization, and unwinding activity, which can be applied to other helicases.

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