scholarly journals Characterization of Virus-specific Immune Response During Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis in a Young Adult

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L Sullivan ◽  
Christiane S Eberhardt ◽  
Andreas Wieland ◽  
Rama S Akondy ◽  
Jumi Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Immunocompetent Adult ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Viral Dissemination ◽  
Varicella Zoster

Abstract An immunocompetent adult received corticosteroids for chest pain, which later was clinically found to be herpes zoster (HZ). She developed severe disease and rapid viral dissemination that elicited an exceptionally strong varicella zoster virus–specific B-cell and CD8 T-cell response. Clinicians should consider atypical HZ presentation prior to corticosteroid administration.

Characterization of the varicella zoster virus (VZV)-specific intra-ocular T-cell response in patients with VZV-induced uveitis

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes C.M. Milikan ◽  
Robert W.A.M. Kuijpers ◽  
G. Seerp Baarsma ◽  
Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus ◽  
Georges M.G.M. Verjans
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Varicella Zoster

scholarly journals Nano-Microparticle Platforms in Developing Next-Generation Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cappellano ◽  
Hugo Abreu ◽  
Chiara Casale ◽  
Umberto Dianzani ◽  
Annalisa Chiocchetti
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Effector Functions

The first vaccines ever made were based on live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, either whole cells or fragments. Although these vaccines required the co-administration of antigens with adjuvants to induce a strong humoral response, they could only elicit a poor CD8+ T-cell response. In contrast, next-generation nano/microparticle-based vaccines offer several advantages over traditional ones because they can induce a more potent CD8+ T-cell response and, at the same time, are ideal carriers for proteins, adjuvants, and nucleic acids. The fact that these nanocarriers can be loaded with molecules able to modulate the immune response by inducing different effector functions and regulatory activities makes them ideal tools for inverse vaccination, whose goal is to shut down the immune response in autoimmune diseases. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and liposomes are biocompatible materials approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use and are, therefore, suitable for nanoparticle-based vaccines. Recently, another candidate platform for innovative vaccines based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been shown to efficiently co-deliver antigens and adjuvants. This review will discuss the potential use of PLGA-NPs, liposomes, and EVs as carriers of peptides, adjuvants, mRNA, and DNA for the development of next-generation vaccines against endemic and emerging viruses in light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic.

Development and characterization of a HCMV multiantigen therapeutic vaccine for GBM using the UNITE platform.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14565-e14565
Author(s):  
Amit Adhikari ◽  
Juliete Macauley ◽  
Yoshimi Johnson ◽  
Mike Connolly ◽  
Tim Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Response

e14565 Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer with a median survival of 15 months which has remained unchanged despite technological advances in the standard of care. GBM cells specifically express human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins providing a unique opportunity for targeted therapy. Methods: We utilized our UNITE (UNiversal Intracellular Targeted Expression) platform to develop a multi-antigen DNA vaccine (ITI-1001) that codes for the HCMV proteins- pp65, gB and IE-1. The UNITE platform involves lysosomal targeting technology, fusing lysosome-associated protein 1 (LAMP1) with target antigens resulting in increased antigen presentation by MHC-I and II. ELISpot, flow cytometry and ELISA techniques were used to evaluate the vaccine immunogenicity and a syngeneic, orthotopic GBM mouse model that expresses HCMV proteins was used for efficacy studies. The tumor microenvironment studies were done using flow cytometry and MSD assay. Results: ITI-1001 vaccination showed a robust antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell response in addition to a strong humoral response. Using GBM mouse model, therapeutic treatment of ITI-1001 vaccine resulted in ̃56% survival with subsequent long-term immunity. Investigating the tumor microenvironment showed significant CD4 T cell infiltration as well as enhanced Th1 and CD8 T cell activation. Regulatory T cells were also upregulated upon ITI-1001 vaccination and would be an attractive target to further improve this therapy. In addition, tumor burden negatively correlated with number of activated CD4 T cells (CD4 IFNγ+) reiterating the importance of CD4 activation in ITI-1001 efficacy and potentially identifying treatment responders and non-responders. Further characterization of these two groups showed high infiltration of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in responders compared with non- responders along with higher CD8 T cell activation. Conclusions: Thus, we show that vaccination with HCMV antigens using the ITI-1001-UNITE platform generates strong cellular and humoral immune responses, triggering significant anti-tumor activity that leads to enhanced survival in mice with GBM.

scholarly journals Characterization of Neutralizing Epitopes of Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein H

2008 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 2020-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Akahori ◽  
Kazuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Tohru Daikoku ◽  
Masae Iwai ◽  
Yoshihiro Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Glycoprotein H ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Cell Spread ◽  
Independent Protein ◽  
Neutralizing Epitopes

ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein H (gH) is the major neutralization target of VZV, and its neutralizing epitope is conformational. Ten neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to gH were used to map the epitopes by immunohistochemical analysis and were categorized into seven epitope groups. The combinational neutralization efficacy of two epitope groups was not synergistic. Each epitope was partially or completely resistant to concanavalin A blocking of the glycomoiety of gH, and their antibodies inhibited the cell-to-cell spread of infection. The neutralization epitope comprised at least seven independent protein portions of gH that served as the target to inhibit cell-to-cell spread.

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