Polarographic Determination of Traces of Gold in Blood and Serum

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D Christian
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Polarographic Determination ◽  
Polarographic Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Gold Sample

Abstract A polarographic method for the determination of as little as 1 µg. of gold in blood and serum samples is described. The relative error is 2.1%. After the sample is dry ashed at 550°, the gold is extracted into ether as the chloride, to separate it from interfering copper and iron. A polarogram of the gold sample is obtained in 2 M potassium hydroxide. The method should be applicable to the determination of gold in other biological samples containing interfering elements.

PSV-4 Determination of Deoxynivalenol (DON) Content in Biological Samples as an Indicator of DON Intake in Grower-finisher Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 206-207
Author(s):  
Michael O Wellington ◽  
Michael A Bosompem ◽  
Veronika Nagl ◽  
Daniel A Columbus
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Swine Diets ◽  
Direct Quantification ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Due to difficulties in obtaining consistent and/or reliable measures of deoxynivalenol (DON) in complete swine diets, we investigated whether measuring DON in biological samples could be used as an indicator of DON ingestion in pigs. In this study, graded levels of DON (1, 3, or 5 ppm) were fed to grower-finisher pigs for a period of 77-d. On d 35 and 77 of the study, urine samples were quantitatively collected over a 24-h period and blood samples were collected between 3 – 4 h after the morning meal on each of those days for serum DON analysis. For direct quantification of DON in urine, high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was performed. For serum samples, indirect quantification of DON was performed via enzymatic hydrolysis. We observed that DON content in urine increased linearly as intake of DON increased (Fig.1A; P < 0.05). Analysis of DON in serum follow a similar trend, where serum DON content was increased as DON intake increased (Fig.1B; P < 0.05). An average of 30% of DON ingested was recovered as DON in urine over a 24-h period. In summary, there was a linear relationship between DON intake and DON content in both urine and blood serum, therefore, analyzing DON concentration in serum and urine could be used as a tool to estimate for DON exposure in pigs under controlled conditions.

Complexation equilibria between gallium(III) and 4-(4'-methyl-2'-thiazolylazo)-2-methylresorcinol. Derivative spectrophotometric determination of gallium in biological samples

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1500-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I. Jiménez ◽  
Francisco Jiménez ◽  
Juan P. Pérez ◽  
Juan J. Arias
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Stability Constants ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Stability

The reaction of Ga(III) with 4-(4'-methyl-2'-thiazolylazo)-2-methylresorcinol (H2L) at I = 0.25 mol l-1, (NaNO3) was investigated spectrophotometrically. Numerical method was used to evaluate the stability constants of the complexes formed GaH2L2 (log β122 = 37.03±0.09); GaHL (log β111 = 19.08±0.06); GaL (log β101 = 13.65±0.16). A method is developed for the determination of gallium using first and second derivative spectrophotometry and the effect of interferences has been evaluated. The method has been applied to the determination of gallium in human urine and blood serum samples.

Fluorometric determination of carnitine in serum with immobilized carnitine dehydrogenase and diaphorase

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2072-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Matsumoto ◽  
Y Yamada ◽  
M Takahashi ◽  
T Todoroki ◽  
K Mizoguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Fluorometric Determination ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract A fluorometric flow-injection method for determining carnitine with use of immobilized enzymes carnitine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.108) and diaphorase (EC 1.8.1.4) was developed and applied to the assay of carnitine in serum of patients treated with valproic acid. After fractionation and hydrolysis of carnitines in serum samples by perchloric acid and potassium hydroxide, liberated carnitine was converted to resorufin by immobilized carnitine dehydrogenase and diaphorase in the presence of beta-NAD+ (1.0 mmol/L), resazurin (12.5 mumol/L), and Tris acetate (0.6 mol/L, pH 9.0) at 37 degrees C. The fluorescence intensity of resorufin was monitored at lambda Ex 560 nm and lambda Em 580 nm. The calibration curve was linear for carnitine amounts from 0.1 to 1.0 nmol. Quantitative analytical recovery and satisfactory within- and between-run imprecision of carnitine in each carnitine fraction were obtained. Interference by bilirubin, serum albumin, and hemoglobin was negligible. Carnitine deficiencies were detected in about 20% of the valproic acid-treated patients (n = 198). The present method should be useful for monitoring carnitine deficiencies in clinical laboratories.

Polarographic Determination of Fumaric Acid in Foods

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
James E Taylor ◽  
V H Blomquist
Keyword(s):  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Polarographic Determination ◽  
Polarographic Method ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Grape Jelly

Abstract The previously reported polarographic method for determining fumaric acid in foods has been revised and subjected to collaborative study. Interferences from naturally occurring substances were kept to a minimum by using a 25.00 g sample of juices. Seven types of samples were sent to collaborators: grape jelly (0.10% added fumaric acid) and apple, lemon, orange, pineapple, sauerkraut, and tomato juices with 0.05, 0.10, and 0.50% added fumaric acid. Analysis at the 0.05 and 0.10% levels indicated a 95 % confidence limit of ± 0.003 about the means 0.05 and 0.10, respectively, while results from the 0.50% level indicated ± 0.01 about its mean of 0.48. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official, first action.

Polarographic Determination of Piperazine in Animal Feeds

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-557
Author(s):  
J D McLean ◽  
O L Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Condensation Product ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Diffusion Current ◽  
Polarographic Determination ◽  
Saturated Calomel Reference Electrode ◽  
Polarographic Method ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Animal Feeds

Abstract A simple and rapid polarographic method has been developed for the analysis of piperazine in animal feeds. A polarographically reducible condensation product of piperazine dihydrochloride is formed in the presence of excess formaldehyde in pH 5 buffer solution; the diffusion current of the product is measured at —0.98 v vs. a saturated calomel reference electrode.

scholarly journals Nafion-coated cadmium pentacyanonitrosylferrate-modified glassy carbon electrode for detection of dopamine in biological samples

Bioimpacts ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Mohammad Johari-Ahar ◽  
Jaleh Barar ◽  
Pari Karami ◽  
Davoud Asgari ◽  
Soodabeh Davaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modified Electrode ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Modified Electrodes ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity

Introduction: Dopamine is one of the key neurotransmitters (NTs) in nature, which plays a crucial role in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Its selective determination in the biological fluids is an essential need in the field of biomedicine studies. Methods: In this work, an amperometric sensor was developed using Nafion-coated cadmium pentacyanonitrosylferrate (CdPCNF) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode (Nafion|CdPCNF|GC electrode) as an electrocatalyst to detect dopamine (DA) in human serum samples. To develop this sensor, the surface of bare GC electrode was coated with the film of CdPCNF through an electropolymerization method and then the modified electrode was coated with Nafion to minimize interferences, especially those arising from the presence of anionic compounds. The electrocatalytic behavior of the modified electrodes was studied using the cyclic voltammetry and amperometry, and then the ability of the sensor for the determination of DA in synthetic and biological samples was investigated. Results: The modified electrode was showed a significant electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of DA at pH 7.4. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.7 µM and also no interference effects arose from ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA) or the other biological NTs was observed in the DA detection using the modified Nafion|CdPCNF|GC electrode. Conclusion: In comparison with the bare electrode, the Nafion|CdPCNF|GC electrode could determine DA in the biological samples with adequate sensitivity and selectivity. Therefore, we propose that the modified electrode is utilizable as an amperometric DA sensor for the biological sample analysis.

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