Enzymic and chemical-extraction determinations of free fatty acids in serum compared.

Abstract We compared an enzymic test kit for determination of free fatty acids in serum (NEFA C-test, WAKO) with two modifications of a chemical extraction procedure, I (Clin. Chim. Acta 43: 317-320, 1973) and II (Clin. Chim. Acta 80: 327-332, 1977). All three procedures are specific for long- and medium-chain fatty acids. Short-chain fatty acids, some keto acids, and phospholipids did not interfere. Added fatty acid was quantitatively accounted for in all methods. Results obtained with the enzymic method and II did not differ significantly, whereas the results by I were about 10% lower. The concentration of NaCl in the copper reagent, but not the kind of solvent used to dissolve the standard, influenced the accuracy of the chemical methods. In the enzymic procedure, hydrolysis of triglycerides during incubation is unlikely to be the reason for too-high values. The precision of all three procedures is acceptable for use in clinical laboratories.

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Free Fatty Acids Signature in Human Intestinal Disorders: Significant Association between Butyric Acid and Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 742

Author(s):

Simone Baldi ◽

Marta Menicatti ◽

Giulia Nannini ◽

Elena Niccolai ◽

Edda Russo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Altered circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), namely short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), are associated with metabolic, gastrointestinal, and malignant diseases. Hence, we compared the serum FFA profile of patients with celiac disease (CD), adenomatous polyposis (AP), and colorectal cancer (CRC) to healthy controls (HC). We enrolled 44 patients (19 CRC, 9 AP, 16 CD) and 16 HC. We performed a quantitative FFA evaluation with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (GC–MS), and we performed Dirichlet-multinomial regression in order to highlight disease-specific FFA signature. HC showed a different composition of FFAs than CRC, AP, and CD patients. Furthermore, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) confirmed perfect overlap between the CRC and AP patients and separation of HC from the diseased groups. The Dirichlet-multinomial regression identified only strong positive association between CD and butyric acid. Moreover, CD patients showed significant interactions with age, BMI, and gender. In addition, among patients with the same age and BMI, being male compared to being female implies a decrease of the CD effect on the (log) prevalence of butyric acid in FFA composition. Our data support GC–MS as a suitable method for the concurrent analysis of circulating SCFAs, MCFAs, and LCFAs in different gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore, and notably, we suggest for the first time that butyric acid could represent a potential biomarker for CD screening.

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Freeze-drying enables homogeneous and stable sample preparation for determination of fecal short-chain fatty acids

Analytical Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.ab.2019.113508 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 589 ◽

pp. 113508 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jun Ueyama ◽

Masaya Oda ◽

Masaaki Hirayama ◽

Kuniyo Sugitate ◽

Norihiro Sakui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Determination of positional distribution of short-chain fatty acids in bovine milk fat on chiral columns

Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society ◽

10.1007/bf02564223 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 70 (12) ◽

pp. 1177-1181 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Yutaka Itabashi ◽

John J. Myher ◽

Arnis Kuksis

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Positional Distribution ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Quantitative Gas-Chromatographic Determination of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Aqueous Samples

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/20.9.1235 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1235-1237 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Dennis P Collin ◽

Patrick G McCormick ◽

Milton G Schmitt

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Acid ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chromatographic Determination ◽

Short Chain ◽

Aqueous Samples ◽

Peak Areas ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract We report the use of SP-1200 (Supelco Inc.) for quantitative gas-chromatographic determination of short-chain fatty acids (C2-C5) in stool water. The ratio of peak areas for these acids to that for 2-methylvaleric acid (internal standard) is linear for each acid from 60 to 1800 mg/liter. Lactic acid, occasionally present in stool in abnormally high amounts, is not detectable as the free acid on SP-1200, but is determined as its propyl ester on diethyleneglycolsuccinate.

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Application of a microbial sensor for determination of short-chain fatty acids in raw milk samples

European Food Research and Technology ◽

10.1007/bf01197829 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 195 (1) ◽

pp. 1-2 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Ukeda ◽

Gotthold Wagner ◽

G�nther Weis ◽

Manfred Miller ◽

Henning Klostermeyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Microbial Sensor ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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THE MODE OF ACTION OF PANCREATIC LIPASE ON MILK FAT GLYCERIDES

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o65-200 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

pp. 1799-1805 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. Boudreau ◽

J. M. deMan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Pancreatic Lipase ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Specific Distribution ◽

Hydrolysis Rates ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Palmitic Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Hydrolysis of tricaprylin by pancreatic lipase resulted in a stepwise hydrolysis, triglyceride to diglyceride to monoglyceride, as has been obtained with long-chain triglycerides. However, hydrolysis rates were much faster and considerable amounts of free glycerol were formed. Hydrolysis of an equimolar mixture of tricaprylin and triolein indicated that some of the short-chain fatty acid was released from the 2-position before all of the oleic acid was released from the 1-position. Hydrolysis of genuine and randomized milk fat resulted in preferential hydrolysis of glycerides containing short-chain fatty acids. This phenomenon was not dependent on a specific distribution of these acids, since it also occurred with the randomized fat. It was concluded that part of the short-chain fatty acids of milk fat is located in the 2-position. The distribution of caprylic and capric acids between the 1- and 2-positions is approximately at random. Lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids are predominantly located in the 2-position, and stearic and oleic acids in the 1-position, of milk fat glycerides.

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