scholarly journals Inferential results for a new measure of inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Youri Davydov ◽  
Francesca Greselin
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
Inequality Index ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Empirical Estimator ◽  
Empirical Estimators ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Consistency And Asymptotic Normality ◽  
The Uk

Summary In recent decades, substantial changes have been observed in the left and right tails of income distributions in countries like the USA, Germany, the UK, and France. These changes are a major concern for policy makers. Here, we derive inferential results for a new inequality index that is specifically designed for capturing such significant shifts. We propose two empirical estimators for the index and show that they are asymptotically equivalent. Afterward, we adopt one estimator and prove its consistency and asymptotic normality. Finally, we introduce an empirical estimator for its variance and provide conditions for its consistency. An analysis of real data from the Bank of Italy Survey of Income and Wealth is also presented on the basis of the obtained inferential results.

Automatic enrolment to pension plans in small organisations: a research agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Maloney ◽  
Alma McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
Pension Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Small Employers

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse how firm size impacts pension workforce coverage with a particular focus on automatic enrolment (AE) to pension plans in small organisations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the alignment of government AE interests with those of small employers, their employees and pension providers to better understand how firm size impacts pension workforce coverage.FindingsThe alignment of interests between stakeholders (government, pension providers, employers and employees) differs between large and small organisations, and empirical findings from large organisations cannot be assumed to apply in small organisations.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper calls attention to the need for future empirical research and identifies a number of research questions for further analysis to examine how AE impacts pension participation in small organisations and advance the field.Originality/valueThe policy of automatically enroling employees into occupational pension plans, recently legislated for all eligible workers in the UK and under consideration in the USA and Ireland, was developed from research conducted in a small number of large organisations. Pension coverage is particularly inadequate for the large number of employees working in small organisations (1–49 employees). However, little research attention has been focussed on pensions in small organisations with pension policy makers assuming that legislated AE will work as effectively in small organisations as it did in large organisations. This paper addresses this gap in the field.

Presenting Medical Statistics from Proposal to Publication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Peacock ◽  
Sally M. Kerry ◽  
Raymond R. Balise
Keyword(s):  
Journal Article ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Medical Statistics ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sample Size Calculations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Presenting Medical Statistics from Proposal to Publication (second edition) aims to show readers how to conduct a wide range of statistical analyses from sample size calculations through to multifactorial regressions that are needed in the research process. The second edition of ‘Presenting’ has been revised and updated and now includes Stata, SAS, SPSS, and R. The book shows how to interpret each computer output and illustrates how to present the results and accompanying text in a format suitable for a peer-reviewed journal article or research report. All analyses are illustrated using real data and all programming code, outputs, and datasets used in the book are available on a website for readers to freely download and use. ‘Presenting’ includes practical information and helpful tips for software, all statistical methods used, and the research process. It is written by three experienced biostatisticians, Janet Peacock, Sally Kerry, and Ray Balise from the UK and the USA, and is born out of their extensive experience conducting collaborative medical research, teaching medical students, physicians, and other health professionals, and providing researchers with advice.

scholarly journals Evaluating smoking control policies in the e-cigarette era: a modelling study

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-054951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Tra Doan ◽  
Ken Wei Tan ◽  
Borame Sue Lee Dickens ◽  
Yin Ai Lean ◽  
Qianyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundIn jurisdictions in which electronic cigarettes are currently prohibited, policy makers must weigh the potentially lower risk compared with conventional cigarettes against the risk of initiation of e-cigarettes among non-smokers.MethodsWe simulated a synthetic population over a 50-year time horizon with an open cohort model using data from Singapore, a country where e-cigarettes are currently prohibited, and data from the USA, the UK and Japan. Using the smoking prevalence and the quality-adjusted life year gained calculated, we compared tobacco control policies without e-cigarettes—namely, raising the minimum legal age (MLA), introducing a smoke-free generation (SFG) and tax rises on tobacco consumption—with policies legalising e-cigarettes, either taking a laissez-faire approach or under some form of restriction. We also evaluated combinations of these policies.ResultsRegardless of the country informing the transition probabilities to and from e-cigarette use in Singapore, a laissez-faire e-cigarette policy could reduce the smoking prevalence in the short term, but it is not as effective as other policies in the long term. The most effective single policies evaluated were SFG and aggressive tax rises; the most effective combination of policies considered was MLA plus moderate tax rises and e-cigarettes on prescription.ConclusionPolicy makers in jurisdictions in which e-cigarettes are not yet established may be advised not to prioritise e-cigarettes in their tobacco end-game strategy, unless their use can be restricted to current smokers seeking to quit.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Models of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) to Control the Transmission Based on Current Evidence: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Arora ◽  
Rishabh Jain ◽  
Harendra Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

In Wuhan city of China, an episode of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) happened. during late December and it has quickly spread to all places in the world. Until May 29, 2020, cases were high in the USA with 1.7 Million, Russia with approximately 387 thousand, the UK with 271 thousand confirmed cases. Everybody on the planet is anxious to know when the coronavirus pandemic will end. In this scourge, most nations force extreme medication measures to contain the spread of COVID-19. Modeling has been utilized broadly by every national government and the World Health Organization in choosing the best procedures to seek after in relieving the impacts of COVID-19. Many epidemiological models are studied to understand the spread of the illness and its prediction to find maximum capacity for human-to-human transmission so that control techniques can be adopted. Also, arrangements for the medical facilities required such as hospital beds and medical supplies can be made in advance. Many models are used to anticipate the results keeping in view the present scenario. There is an urgent need to study the various models and their impacts. In this study, we present a systematic literature review on epidemiological models for the outbreak of novel coronavirus in India. The epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 is also studied. Here, In addition, an attempt to take out the results from the exploration and comparing it with the real data. The study helps to choose the models that are progressive and dependable to predict and give legitimate methods for various strategies.

Theoretical aspects of insider trading regulation in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Chitimira
Keyword(s):  
Insider Trading ◽  
Original Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Insider trading is treated as a punishable offence in many jurisdictions and countries. In relation to this, various theories were developed to justify and enhance the regulation of insider trading in such jurisdictions and countries. For instance, regulatory bodies and the relevant courts in jurisdictions such as the Commonwealth and the European Union as well as in countries such as the USA and the UK have to date developed and consistently applied theories such as the classical theory, misappropriation theory, fiduciary theory, unified theory and equal access theory in their quest to detect, prevent and combat insider trading activities. For the purposes of this article, the aforesaid theories are discussed so as to recommend possible measures that could be adopted by the policy makers to effectively curb insider trading activities in the Zimbabwean financial markets. It is against this background that some theoretical aspects of the insider trading regulation as adopted by the Zimbabwean policymakers, regulatory bodies and the relevant courts are scrutinised in this paper. This is done to, inter alia, investigate possible flaws and the rationale for such direct and indirect application of certain insider trading theorem in Zimbabwe. Thereafter, some recommendations in respect thereof are provided. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research methodology is used in the entire paper. Findings It is hoped that the recommendations in the paper will be used by the relevant policymakers to enhance the curbing of insider trading in Zimbabwe. Research limitations/implications The paper does not use an empirical research. Practical implications It is hoped that the recommendations in this paper will be used by the relevant policymakers to enhance the curbing of insider trading in Zimbabwe. Social implications It is hoped that the recommendations in this paper will be used by the relevant policymakers to enhance the curbing of insider trading in Zimbabwe. Originality/value This paper is original research on the theoretical aspects of the regulation of insider trading in Zimbabwe.

Educating Students for E-Entrepreneurship in the UK, the USA and China

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Millman ◽  
Wang-Chan Wong ◽  
Zhengwei Li ◽  
Harry Matlay
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

A growing body of research evaluates various aspects of entrepreneurship education (such as curriculum, delivery and assessment) and links it to outcomes in terms of both the number and quality of entrepreneurs entering an economy. There is, however, a marked paucity of empirically rigorous research appraising the impact of entrepreneurship education on graduates' intentions and perceived ability to set up Internet-based e-enterprises that can operate across temporal and geographical boundaries. This paper provides a comparative overview of entrepreneurship education in the UK, the USA and China with a focus on IT and non-IT students' e-entrepreneurship intentions, perceptions and outcomes. The research on which the paper is based was carried out in two distinct phases: first, focus groups were used to design, pilot and develop a comprehensive research questionnaire for use in a wider, multi-country survey; second, questionnaires were then distributed to students in IT and non-IT related disciplines in the UK, the USA and China. The preliminary results show that most respondents were slow to conceptualize and contextualize e-entrepreneurship in the prevailing socio-economic and political conditions of their countries of origin. There were no significant differences between students of IT and non-IT disciplines in their perceptions of the viability and practicality of engaging in e-entrepreneurship. Generic support initiatives appear to neglect the vast portfolio of skills needs for graduates engaging in Internet trading. The authors recommend that entrepreneurship education providers should engage with emergent models of e-entrepreneurship and that policy makers should provide innovative initiatives to cater for the specific needs of e-entrepreneurs.

An early mainstream economist from Hungary: István Varga (1897–1962)

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Majoros
Keyword(s):  
Austrian Economic ◽  
National Income ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Turbulent Times ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
Lasting Influence

The study introduces a Hungarian economic thinker, István Varga*, whose valuable activity has remained unexplored up to now. He became an economic thinker during the 1920s, in a country that had not long before become independent of Austria. The role played by Austria in the modern economic thinking of that time was a form of competition with the thought adhered to by the UK and the USA. Hungarian economists mainly interpreted and commented on German and Austrian theories, reasons for this being that, for example, the majority of Hungarian economists had studied at German and Austrian universities, while at Hungarian universities principally German and Austrian economic theories were taught. István Varga was familiar not only with contemporary German economics but with the new ideas of Anglo-Saxon economics as well — and he introduced these ideas into Hungarian economic thinking. He lived and worked in turbulent times, and historians have only been able to appreciate his activity in a limited manner. The work of this excellent economist has all but been forgotten, although he was of international stature. After a brief summary of Varga’s profile the study will demonstrate the lasting influence he has had in four areas — namely, business cycle research and national income estimations, the 1946 Hungarian stabilisation program, corporate profit, and consumption economics — and will go on to summarise his most important achievements.

Neurosurgical activity during COVID-19 pandemic: an experts' opinion from China, South Korea, Italy, the USA, Colombia, and the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco M. Fontanella ◽  
Giorgio Saraceno ◽  
Ting Lei ◽  
Joshua B. Bederson ◽  
Namkyu You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Regulation of Public Offers of Securities in the UK and the USA: An Outline Study

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel K. A. Ofori
Keyword(s):  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk
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