Establishment, Hybridization, Dispersal, Impact, and Decline of Diorhabda spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Released for Biological Control of Tamarisk in Texas and New Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1297-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen E Knutson ◽  
James L Tracy ◽  
Chris Ritzi ◽  
Patrick J Moran ◽  
Tom Royer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Species Establishment ◽  
Tamarix Spp ◽  
Initial Distributions

Abstract Three Diorhabda spp. tamarisk beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were established in Texas from 2003 to 2010 for biological control of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.): Mediterranean tamarisk beetles, D. elongata (Brullé) from Greece, also established in New Mexico; subtropical tamarisk beetles, D. sublineata (Lucas) from Tunisia; and larger tamarisk beetles, D. carinata (Faldermann) from Uzbekistan. More than one million tamarisk beetles were released at 99 sites. Species establishment success ranged from 52 to 83%. All three species now co-occur in New Mexico with the northern tamarisk beetles, D. carinulata (Desbrochers). A phenotypic hybrid scoring system was developed to assess Diorhabda phenotype distributions and character mixing in hybrid zones. Widespread field populations of bispecific hybrid phenotypes for D. carinata/D. elongata and D. sublineata/D. elongata rapidly appeared following contact of parental species. Initial distributions and dispersal of Diorhabda spp. and hybrids are mapped for Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Kansas, where they produced large-scale tamarisk defoliation and localized dieback for 3–4 yr. However, populations subsequently severely declined, now producing only isolated defoliation and allowing tamarisk to recover. Diorhabda sublineata and D. elongata temporarily produced nontarget spillover defoliation of ornamental athel, Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst, along the Rio Grande. Hybrid phenotypes were generally bimodally distributed, indicating some degree of reproductive isolation. Additional diagnostic phenotypic characters in males allowed more precise hybrid scoring. Character mixing in some hybrid populations approached or reached that of a hybrid swarm. The significance of hybridization for tamarisk biocontrol is discussed.

Chloroplast DNA polymorphism reveals geographic structure and introgression in the Quercus crassifolia × Quercus crassipes hybrid complex in Mexico

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tovar-Sánchez ◽  
P. Mussali-Galante ◽  
R. Esteban-Jiménez ◽  
D. Piñero ◽  
D. M. Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Colonization Routes ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Hybrid Complex

Quercus crassifolia H. & B. and Quercus crassipes H. & B. are two common temperate forest species in Mexico that form hybrids when they occur in mixed (sympatric) areas. In this study, we used chloroplast microsatellite haplotypes to infer phylogeographic patterns onto the genetic structure of populations of both parental species, thus defining probable colonization routes throughout Mexico. Haplotype diversity in seven hybrid zones and four allopatric sites with nonmixed (allopatric) populations of both putative parental species was analyzed. To determine the expansion and colonization routes for the two species, we carried out a nested clade phylogeographic analysis that would allow us to infer the haplotype correspondence to a phylogeographical approach. In spite of sharing many common populations, we determined that there is a different genetic historical colonization for Q. crassipes and for Q. crassifolia. Hybrid populations had the highest levels of genetic variation (Gv), Shannon diversity index (H), and haplotype number (nh) in comparison with nonmixed/allopatric populations of their putative parentals. Furthermore, populations of hybrid zones showed the highest values of genetic differentiation FST, RST . Moreover, both species share four distinctive cpDNA haplotypes, which were most likely acquired by introgression through hybrids located in several populations throughout the Eje Neovolcánico area. This last region was confirmed to be a “hot spot” for oak diversity, a place in which different maternal lineages merged.

scholarly journals NM GRADS: Lessons Learned from Implementing a School-Based Program for Young Parents Across New Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (S2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Harper ◽  
Dean Hopper ◽  
Betsy Keating ◽  
Jessica Harding
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
District Leaders ◽  
Program Administrators ◽  
School Based ◽  
Young Fathers ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Parenting Students

Abstract Purpose The New Mexico Graduation Reality and Dual-role Skills (GRADS) program provides services for expectant and parenting students at high schools. The GRADS program has operated since 1989, serving more than 17,000 youth. This study summarizes the GRADS program model and program administrators’ lessons learned from implementing this comprehensive, large-scale program. Description The GRADS program is a multicomponent intervention that can include a classroom intervention, case management, linkages to child care and health care, and support for young fathers. The program aims to support expectant and parenting youth in finishing high school, delaying a repeat pregnancy, promoting health outcomes for their children, and preparing for college and career. This study presents program administrators’ lessons learned to increase understanding of how to implement a statewide program to support expectant and parenting students. Assessment During the 2010–2017 school years, the GRADS program operated in 26–31 sites each year, serving a total of 2691 parenting youth. Program administrators identified lessons learned from implementing the GRADS program during that period of expansion, including allowing variation across sites based on resources and needs, providing centralized implementation support, fostering buy-in from school and district leaders, and collecting consistent data to better understand participant outcomes. Conclusions Although not based on a rigorous impact or implementation study, this article provides lessons learned from a statewide, school-based program that may be a promising way to serve a large number of expectant and parenting youth and help them overcome challenges for completing high school.

Volatile oils and the study of natural hybridization between Correa aemula and C. reflexa (Rutaceae)

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Whiffin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Complex Variation

A small hybrid swarm between Correa aemula and C. reflexa was located and examined morphologically and chemically, with an emphasis on volatile oils. The hybrid plants were intermediate morphologically between the two parental species. The volatile oil data were subjected to multivariate numerical analysis, the results of which confirmed the general intermediacy of the hybrid plants. In general it was found that ordination is a more useful technique for the study of hybridization than is classification. It would appear that numerical analysis of volatile oil data will prove a useful technique in the study of the complex variation found within the genus Correa.

scholarly journals Genomics of isolation in hybrids

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1587) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachariah Gompert ◽  
Thomas L. Parchman ◽  
C. Alex Buerkle
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Direct Measure ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Outlier Loci ◽  
Admixed Population ◽  
Genome Level

Hybrid zones are common in nature and can offer critical insights into the dynamics and components of reproductive isolation. Hybrids between diverged lineages are particularly informative about the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation, because introgression in an admixed population is a direct measure of isolation. In this paper, we combine simulations and a new statistical model to determine the extent to which different genetic architectures of isolation leave different signatures on genome-level patterns of introgression. We found that reproductive isolation caused by one or several loci of large effect caused greater heterogeneity in patterns of introgression than architectures involving many loci with small fitness effects, particularly when isolating factors were closely linked. The same conditions that led to heterogeneous introgression often resulted in a reasonable correspondence between outlier loci and the genetic loci that contributed to isolation. However, demographic conditions affected both of these results, highlighting potential limitations to the study of the speciation genomics. Further progress in understanding the genomics of speciation will require large-scale empirical studies of introgression in hybrid zones and model-based analyses, as well as more comprehensive modelling of the expected levels of isolation with different demographies and genetic architectures of isolation.

scholarly journals Field demonstration of a semiochemical treatment that enhances Diorhabda carinulata biological control of Tamarix spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Gaffke ◽  
Sharlene E. Sing ◽  
Tom L. Dudley ◽  
Daniel W. Bean ◽  
Justin A. Russak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Weed Biological Control ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Tamarix Spp

Abstract The northern tamarisk beetle Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers) was approved for release in the United States for classical biological control of a complex of invasive saltcedar species and their hybrids (Tamarix spp.). An aggregation pheromone used by D. carinulata to locate conspecifics is fundamental to colonization and reproductive success. A specialized matrix formulated for controlled release of this aggregation pheromone was developed as a lure to manipulate adult densities in the field. One application of the lure at onset of adult emergence for each generation provided long term attraction and retention of D. carinulata adults on treated Tamarix spp. plants. Treated plants exhibited greater levels of defoliation, dieback and canopy reduction. Application of a single, well-timed aggregation pheromone treatment per generation increased the efficacy of this classical weed biological control agent.

scholarly journals Visualizing virtual users through art: Usage statistics in outreach and marketing

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Alea Henle ◽  
Andrea Jaquez ◽  
Hannah Gray
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Virtual Library ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
Art Installation ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Library Use ◽  
The University

Most modern academic libraries have physical and virtual spaces—and patrons. Physical users can be hard to miss, but virtual users often leave only traces behind. It’s all too easy, and misleading, to assess library use based on bodies in chairs. While online resources provide statistics documenting use, these numbers may seem unreal to administrators and funding agencies. Western New Mexico University’s Miller Library designed an art installation, “A Year of Virtual Research,” as a large-scale physical data visualization project to make virtual library use more present and real to the university community.

scholarly journals Influence of Niche Overlap and Territoriality on Hybridization Between Hermit Warblers and Townsend's Warblers

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott F. Pearson ◽  
David A. Manuwal
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Parental Fitness ◽  
Habitat Transition ◽  
Habitat Variables ◽  
Washington Cascades

Abstract Hybrid zones between Townsend's Warblers (Dendroica townsendi) and Hermit Warblers (D. occidentalis) in the Pacific Northwest are narrow relative to estimated dispersal distances and appear to be moving, with Townsend's replacing Hermits. We examined whether the habitat-transition and parental-fitness asymmetry models can explain why these zones are narrow and moving by comparing habitat variables associated with warbler territories in the Washington Cascades hybrid zone. Habitat variables did not differ among phenotypes, suggesting that the habitat-transition model cannot explain the narrow and dynamic nature of this hybrid zone. Habitat characteristics of Hermit Warbler territories did not differ inside versus outside the hybrid zone, also suggesting that this zone is not associated with a region of habitat transition. The lack of difference in habitat use could be the result of comparing variables that are not important to pairing success. However, warblers tended to select territories on west-southwest aspects. South aspects in the southern Washington Cascades are dominated by Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and true fir, which is a habitat selected by female warblers when choosing among territories and males. The parental-fitness asymmetry model does not necessarily make predictions about habitat use within the hybrid zone but predicts the superiority of one parental species over the other. However, if significant overlap occurs in habitat use or niche (as in these warblers), then competition between parental species is likely to occur. To determine whether these species compete, we mapped 12 warbler territories and monitored an additional 94 territories throughout the breeding season and found that all males with neighbors compete for and hold exclusive territories. Thus, the pattern of habitat use and territoriality is consistent with the parental-fitness asymmetry model.

scholarly journals Bradyrhizobia Nodulating the Acacia mangium × A. auriculiformis Interspecific Hybrid Are Specific and Differ from Those Associated with Both Parental Species

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (24) ◽  
pp. 7752-7759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Le Roux ◽  
Diana Tentchev ◽  
Yves Prin ◽  
Doreen Goh ◽  
Yani Japarudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Homologous Strain ◽  
Yeast Extract Mannitol ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT In the context of an increasing utilization of the interspecific hybrid Acacia mangium × A. auriculiformis as a plantation tree in the tropical humid zone, its symbiotic characterization was carried out in comparison with that of its two parental species. Rhizobium strains of diverse geographical origins were isolated from root nodules of the hybrid and its parents. Almost all Acacia hybrid isolates were fast growing on yeast extract-mannitol medium, in contrast to those isolated from both parental species, which were mostly slow growing. The rhizobium strains were characterized through partial sequencing of the rRNA operon. In the phylogenetic tree, almost all strains isolated from the hybrid were grouped together in a clade close to Bradyrhizobium japonicum, while all strains isolated from both parental species were close to Bradyrhizobium elkanii. Inoculation experiments performed under in vitro or greenhouse conditions showed that all strains were infective with their original hosts but exhibited very variable degrees of effectivity according to the host plant tested. Thus, homologous strain-host associations were more effective than heterologous ones. This shows that there is still a high potential for isolating and testing new strains from hybrids to be used as inoculants in the context of large-scale afforestation programs.

A Hybrid Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Complex Assignment Problem

2010 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 1151-1154
Author(s):  
Zong Li Liu ◽  
Jie Cao ◽  
Zhan Ting Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Production Scheduling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Task Assignment ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Computing Technique ◽  
Task Assignment Problem

The optimization of complex systems, such as production scheduling systems and control systems, often encounters some difficulties, such as large-scale, hard to model, time consuming to evaluate, NP-hard, multi-modal, uncertain and multi-objective, etc. It is always a hot research topic in academic and engineering fields to propose advanced theory and effective algorithms. As a novel evolutionary computing technique, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is characterized by not being limited by the representation of the optimization problems, and by global optimization ability, which has gained wide attentation and research from both academic and industry fields. The task assignment problem in the enterprise with directed graph model is presented. Task assignment problem with buffer zone is solved via a hybrid PSO algorithm. Simulation result shows that the model and the algorithm are effective to the problem.

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