L. A. Hill’s ‘neutral English’—a historical counterpoint to ELF

ELT Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Lowe ◽  
Richard Smith
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Radical Ideas ◽  
International English

Abstract The concept of English as a lingua franca (ELF) is the subject of much theoretical discussion and debate within ELT. However, little has been written concerning the history of ideas preceding it. This article discusses the concept of ‘neutral English’ proposed in 1967 by the writer L. A. Hill. After summarizing Hill’s life and work, the article explores his idea for neutral English, noting its apparent similarities to modern ELF theory as well as the historical and contextual factors that distinguish it. Using Hill’s work and stated motivations as a lens through which to view modern theory, the article highlights the possibility that apparently radical ideas can be co-opted to ‘centre’ interests in modern global ELT. Finally, it is proposed that more work into the history of conceptualizations of international English use would shed further light on the academic and political forces which intersect with this area of research.

scholarly journals «Мертвые Цари всегда должны по смерти своей быть судимы»: Посмертная судьба одного древнеегипетского обычая в русской и европейской словесности XVI – XIX вв. [“Dead Kings Must Always be Judged after Their Demise”: The Afterlife of an Ancient Egyptian Custom in the Russian and European Literature of the 16th to 19th Centuries]

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 9-47
Author(s):  
Maria Neklyudova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
French Literature ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Diodorus Siculus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

In his Bibliotheca historica, Diodorus Siculus described a peculiar Egyptian custom of judging all the dead (including the pharaohs) before their burial. The Greek historian saw it as a guarantee of Egypt’s prosperity, since the fear of being deprived of the right to burial served as a moral imperative. This story of an Egyptian custom fascinated the early modern authors, from lawyers to novelists, who often retold it in their own manner. Their interpretations varied depending on the political context: from the traditional “lesson to sovereigns” to a reassessment of the role of the subject and the duties of the orator. This article traces several intellectual trajectories that show the use and misuse of this Egyptian custom from Montaigne to Bossuet and then to Rousseau—and finally its adaptation by Pushkin and Vyazemsky, who most likely became acquainted with it through the mediation of French literature. The article was written in the framework (and with the generous support) of the RANEPA (ШАГИ РАНХиГС) state assignment research program. KEYWORDS: 16th to 19th-Century European and Russian Literature, Diodorus Siculus (1st century BC), Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712—1778), Alexander Pushkin (1799—1837), Prince Pyotr Vyazemsky (1792—1878), Egyptian Сourt, Locus communis, Political Rhetoric, Literary Criticism, Pantheonization, History of Ideas.

scholarly journals Autobiografia jako narzędzie badań historyka idei. Casus „Wspomnień niezależnego” Richarda Pipesa

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Anna Citkowska-Kimla
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Samuel Taylor Coleridge ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
Johann Gottfried Herder ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Georg Misch ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Or History

The aim of the article is to develop a research tool for a historian of ideas in the form of an autobiography. It is about framing when a personal document meets the criteria of being a tool for a historian of political thought. The conclusions included the thought that the memories must be meta-considerations on the subject of written autobiography or an analysis of the problem of auto-biography within the framework of the created philosophy or history vision. Examples representing this narrative type were left by, among others, Johann Gottfried Herder, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Thomas Carlyle, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Friedrich Nietzsche, Benedetto Croce, Robin G. Collingwood, and in Poland Stanisław Brzozowski. The volume of Richard Pipes’ memoirs, Memoirs of a Non-belonger, which is the foundation for the analysis, has also become part of the trend. The most important thinkers who have studied the issue of autobiography in depth include Wilhelm Dilthey and Georg Misch. The conclusions of the analysis are as follows: autobiography has a philosophical and epistemological meaning in the field of knowledge about human nature. In this sense, autobiography becomes part of anthropology, while anthropology is the foundation for the history of ideas, including political thought.

scholarly journals Análisis del discurso y ensayo literario: El sujeto enunciador en El laberinto de la soledad

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Karina Alanís Flores
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

In this paper we use the discourse analysis as theoretical framework to discuss the renowned Octavio Paz’s essay, The labyrinth of solitude. Although there are many studies that have been made about this theme which are mainly based on the history of ideas and the philosophy of the culture, in this case we propose a different perspective which focuses on the linguistic features that are used to construct the subject of enunciation in the literary essay. We consider Émile Benveniste’s concepts of his theory of enunciative operations in order to reveal the different positions that the author takes in the text, as well as how he constructs his reader.

Autonomy, Integrity, and Values in Public Administration: A Dilemma and a Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Seibel
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Bureaucratic Autonomy ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Institutional Integrity ◽  
Classic Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Abstract This article addresses a classic problem of public administration, which is the quest for institutional integrity in the presence of bureaucratic autonomy. It does so in combination with a history of ideas account of the subject with a case study of derailed autonomy at the expense of institutional integrity It does so in combination with a history of ideas account of the subject with a case study of derailed autonomy at the expense of institutional integrity with particularly serious consequences in the form of human casualties. Referring to literature on public values and moral hazard under the condition of bureaucratic discretion, the article argues that harmonizing bureaucratic autonomy and institutional integrity requires commitment to public values that prioritize the protection of basic individual rights over temptations of pragmatic decision making. It is, therefore, a plea for linking traditional lines of thoughts on public administration with a more fine-grained assessment of the ambivalence of governmental agencies as both guardians of, and a menace to, rule-of-law-based protection of civic values.

Cuteness and Childhood in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal J. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Moral Ambiguity ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Turkish Society

This chapter focuses on childhood and its representation in Turkey, locating the subject within a broader theoretical discussion of the representation of childhood and of the history of modern Turkish society. Cuteness is explored as an important emotional and affective category, and the role of commodity cuteness in consumer culture is also explored. Drawing on the substantial literature on cuteness in Japan, the chapter explores how adults deploy cuteness as an aspirational category and a strategy for dealing with moral ambiguity, anxiety, and discomfort, especially as it relates to sacrifice. It explores these strategies through visual representations in Turkish religious books for children, locating them within the broader history of religious education and publishing in the country.

scholarly journals Liberty, Equality, and the Boundaries of Ownership: Thomas Paine's Theory of Property Rights

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Thomas Paine ◽  
Moral Equality ◽  
Political Theorist ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThomas Paine is customarily regarded as a pamphleteer, rhetorician, and polemicist rather than a significant political theorist. This article takes the philosophical content of Paine's thought seriously and argues that his account of property rights constitutes a distinct contribution to theoretical debates on the subject. Drawing on Paine's Agrarian Justice and other writings, this article shows that his theory of property defends a libertarian concern with private ownership that contains within its logic an egalitarian commitment to the redistribution of resources. Paine's justification of property is distinct from that of various other important figures in the history of ideas (including Grotius, Pufendorf, and Locke) and represents his simultaneous commitment to foundational liberal values of individual freedom and moral equality.

scholarly journals The justification of the subject planning history

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
Dejan Djordjevic ◽  
Tijana Dabovic ◽  
Bojana Poledica
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Practical Purpose ◽  
Professional Organization ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Planning History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Over the last decade of the 20th century the history of the spatial planning was accredited as a subject at schools worldwide, gained its special periodical and accompanying professional organization. When it comes to the Belgrade school of planning, the subject called spatial planning was introduced by the accreditation of the new curriculum at the Department of Spatial Planning of the Faculty of Geography in Belgrade in 2007. Nowadays at the international level and in our country, a serious theoretical discussion on the reach, direction and practical purpose of this subject is underway, and the questions which are posed thereby are sometimes provocative, controversial and far-reaching. These are the most common questions: What is the definition of the planning history? Why teach it? Who can teach it? How to teach it? What is the suitable content of the curriculum of the planning history? Although, this paper aims at the consolidation of the topics and providing the logical connections between the answers to the above questions, it, at same time, reflects the diversity of the individual approaches to planning history, which are the result of the peculiar circumstances in which spatial planning is taught in some countries, with different traditions of planning and different value systems. Nevertheless, the aim of the paper is the definition of something which can be called "intellectual nucleus" of a great topic called history (of spatial and urban) planning and which should be based on the logical theoretical and methodological premises, and, at the same time, should be comprehensible to students, through the flexible curriculum, and it should be applicable in practice.

Recapturing Lost Images: Narratives of a Black Business Enclave

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Cheryl Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Black Business ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Central Avenue

When the material culture of a community is dislodged, displaced, or demolished, it is easy to forget the more abstract components of the defunct community that made it functional, active, and vital. This is especially true when a gradual but seemingly inevitable deterioration of the community's most formidable social symbols precedes its ultimate physical destruction. Moreover, it is easy to forget the history, overlook the purposes, and diminish the value of the community when larger political forces adamantly justify the community's demise in the name of change, modernization, and urban progress. Thus is the cultural and political history of Tampa's Central Avenue. Similar to other urban Black business districts (such as those established in Miami, Florida and Tulsa, Oklahoma), Central Avenue served the needs of Black consumers during the long, difficult years of social segregation accompanied by limited consumer and mercantile options. With the passage of time, the old buildings that housed a variety of businesses began to deteriorate. Yet more devastating than those remediable problems associated with dilapidated buildings, were the multiple social ills that accompany poverty, racial unrest, and opportunistic political decisions. By the early 1970s, Urban Renewal plans dictated the destruction of all buildings and the area was gradually leveled. The blues and jazz clubs were no longer alive with the music of performers like B.B. King, Dinah Washington, Ray Charles, and Bobby Blue Bland, and the Sunday fashion parades down Central became merely the subject of nostalgic conversations. As they packed up their memories, former business owners sadly marveled at what appeared to be the end of an era for Black Tampa.

Nachdenken über Demokratie

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Academic Career ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Constitutional State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Contemporary Context

The political scientist and historian Peter Graf Kielmannsegg has dedicated his academic career to analysing the liberal constitutional state, its roots and the manifold challenges it poses. By examining his writings in both a biographical and contemporary context, this study is the first to address an exceptional representative of the third generation of political scientists. Based on the question ‘What is his academic work rooted in and what reception has it received?’, this biography of Kielmannsegg’s work from the beginning of his career in the 1960s to the present provides an overview of the subject areas it covers, including its trends and changes of direction, and of his understanding of an appropriate form of political science. Kielmannsegg’s advocatory thinking revolves around a representative form of democracy and its fascinating identity and stability. Basing his approach on the history of ideas and aligning it with democratic theory, he addresses current debates and, as the ‘thinking teacher of democracy’, explains complex interrelationships.

THE MEANS OF PSYCHOLOGISM IN THE WORK OF “UKRAINIANS IN EGYPT” BY A MILITARY INTERNEE HRYTS BOZHOK

2019 ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
Nataliia Rozinkevych
Keyword(s):  
Modern Times ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Truth

In the current period of the globalization processes of the XXI century it is important to be aware of the exter- nal orientations and national priorities of Ukraine in the world scene. That presents a significant challenge, which depends on the state’s ability to implement its national, cultural, ethnic interests and needs, which are its motive power, and to pre- serve a set of values, symbols and customs to guarantee peace and safety and contribute to development and improvement as well as to be prepared for holding out against threats of external in internal confrontation, separation, identity crisis, political and religious instability. Therefore it is topical to study the works which help gain an understanding of historical truth and get to know the national ethnogenepool of Ukrainians better, which is the basis of their socio-political experience. Applying that approach to the little-known travelogue “Ukrainians in Egypt” by a Ukrainian political emigrant Hryts Bozhok the author of the article has developed a literary critical, historical and cultural understanding of the work concern- ing travels to the Near Eat which have not been thoroughly studied yet in Ukrainian humanistic sciences. The means of psy- chologism (the author’s characterization, diary notes, self-esteem, duality, portrait, detail, language, memories, scenery) are considered in the article. They show the psychophysiology of the character of a military internee who had to stay in a closed foreign place and who was worried about those times’ issues of a nation creation as well as general spiritual ones. In the essay the controversial topic of a political emigration in the history of Ukrainian society at the beginning of the XX century is raised. The subject of artistic generalization of belles non-fiction is the historical time of that period which was perceived by the character during forced travels when Ukraine was a fighting platform of different political forces: Denikins, Petliuras, Makhnos, Red Army men. Unordinary events were reflected in the character’s existence, in his memory. The mem- ory is a basis of the national identity and national consciousness, therefore such works by emigrants are a part of Ukrainian ethnic literary tradition and help understand its historical course through the prism of modern times. This information also contributes to better understanding of the process of the recent historical experience in Ukrainian state creation.

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