US Supreme Court Commission will consider reforms

Significance Although the Commission represents the most concrete action on Supreme Court reform in decades, the large membership makes it unwieldy and it lacks a clear mandate to offer specific recommendations on reform proposals. Impacts The Commission may have the effect of raising awareness of alternatives beyond expanding the number of justices on the Court. The Court’s size varied in the past but expansion now would bring accusations of court-packing, eroding its institutional integrity. If Justice Stephen Breyer retires this year, Biden could advance a nominee for confirmation by a narrow Senate majority. Biden will continue to feel pressure from the left to re-balance a rightward tilt many perceive in the Court’s membership.

Office of Institutional Integrity and Sanctions System: Annual Report 2020

This Annual Report reflects the work of the Office of Institutional Integrity (OII), the Sanctions Officer (SO) and the Sanctions Committee (SNC), which together are responsible for overseeing the management of integrity risk at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Group.

Public Administration Reform over Time – Did Change Lead to a More Effective Integrity Management?

The following discussion adds to the discourse regarding the relationship between public administration reform and ethics policies. In this theoreti­cal paper, a narrative is employed that re-reads the old Weberian model as a model of ‘institutional integrity’, which is slowly replaced by a public management concept that focuses on individual integrity. Whereas the Weberian concept defined institutional integrity as a quality of institu­tions, more recent management concepts define institutional integrity as a quality of public officers within institutions. This also explains why the current focus of attention is ever more on individuals (as the main cause for unethical conduct) and the bad-person model of integrity. An alterna­tive framing of this paper is about ‘institutional ethics’ over time. During the last decades, we are moving from an institutional, but mechanical and rigid Weberian model, to an individual, but more fluid New Public Management model. We are moving towards a version of institutional in­tegrity that tries to use new behavioural mechanism to get back to some Weberian virtues, without its structures and technical focus. This novel ‘integrity management’ movement is really all about filling the gaps left by New Public Management doctrines. However, the reform of integrity management also develops into a specialised, sophisticated and profes­sionalised ethics bureaucracy. Trends are towards ever more broader and stricter integrity requirements. Still, ethics policies are ineffective and shortcomings in implementing integrity policies are neglected.

An ‘Institution-First’ Conception of Public Integrity

There is an emerging drive to define a new praiseworthy governance goal: a goal that not only implies addressing corruption but going further to establish institutions that are truly worthy of trust. That goal is ‘public integrity’. However, most current accounts of public integrity adopt an ‘officer-first’ approach: defining public integrity primarily as a quality of individual public officers, and only derivatively, if at all, as a quality of public institutions themselves. This article argues that this approach is flawed. Analysing the current debate, it identifies the need to define a role-specific sense of praiseworthy behaviour for public officers. However, it is only possible to define this role-specific sense of praiseworthy behaviour by referring to a public officer's contribution to the overall moral ideal of her institution. Assuming that this ideal itself is a form of public integrity, it then follows that such institutional integrity must be defined ‘first’ in order to then define a public officer's praiseworthy contribution to it second. Substantively, this article argues that ‘public institutional integrity’ is an institution's robust disposition to pursue its purpose efficiently, within the constraints of legitimacy, consistent with its commitments. ‘Public officer integrity’ is the robust disposition of an officer to support the integrity of her institution, within the course of her duties, to the best of her abilities.

Model Pengawasan Penggunaan Pinjaman Luar Negeri : Studi World Bank dan IMF di Indonesia

Adanya utang luar negeri dalam era globalisasi ekonomi adalah sebuah keniscayaan. Pemberian bantuan oleh lembaga pemberi pinjaman seperti World Bank sangat dibutuhkan untuk membiayai pembangunan. Oleh karena itu pengawasan terhadap pengunaan luar negeri sangat penting. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dan pendekatan konseptual, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ungensi pengawasan utang luar negeri dan menggambarkan konstruksi pengawasan utang luar negeri baik secara internal maupun eksternal. Terdapat tiga alasan penting pengawasan terhadap penggunaan utang luar negeri sangat diperlukan. Pertama untuk menjamin tidak ada tendensi politik dari pemberian pinjaman tersebut yang dapat mengintervensi kebijakan Negara, kedua, memastikan utang tersebut digunakan sebagaimana mestinya sesuai dengan tujuan dan tepat sasaran, dan ketiga untuk menjamin tidak ada penyelewengan atau praktek-praktek korupsi dalam penggunaan utang luar negeri. Konstruksi model pengawasan terhadap penggunaan pinjaman luar negeri dapat dilihat dari dua aspek: pertama, internal adalah model pengawasan oleh lembaga pemerintah –sebagai pengguna pinjaman- yaitu pada tahap pra perjanjian utang dengan pengawasan substantive procedural dan pengawasan pelaksanaan perjanjian utang agar sesuai dengan tujuan dan tidak dikorupsi. Pengawasan ini dilakukan oleh lembaga Negara (penegak hukum) maupun lembaga independen. Kedua, aspek eksternal adalah model pengawasan oleh lembaga pemberi pinjaman (World Bank dan IMF) yaitu dengan mekanisme yang ada dalam lembaga integritas (institutional integrity), penyelidikan dan pemberian sanksi oleh Suspension and Debarment Officer (SDO) dan World Bank Group Sanctions Board.

The scientist and the advertisement: Reklamegutachten in imperial Germany

In late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Germany, the integration of product-evaluating certificates and reports ( Gutachten) into advertisements triggered repeated condemnations of “advertisement- Gutachten” ( Reklamegutachten), and scientists and science administrators introduced various restrictions to prevent the appearance of such documents. At the same time, the provision of Gutachten to private individuals and firms seemed crucial to the success of many private and public laboratories. Some chemical and other professionals, moreover, argued that the authoring and use of Reklamegutachten could represent a “scientific” and, therefore, ethical practice. By examining the contested history of the advertisement- Gutachten, this article reveals how a previously tolerated knowledge service lost its legitimacy in a particular place and period of time, and highlights the challenges of eliminating this practice or restoring its legitimacy afterward. The article also explores how professional scientists’ approaches to maintaining a reputation for integrity in the face of commercial and competitive pressures related to the better-known efforts of professionals in other fields, particularly the medical. I emphasize that, in determining whether a Gutachten qualified as scientific, the nature and transparency of the underlying research process was only one of the criteria that were considered, and often not the most significant yardstick. At the same time, however, ideas about the personal and professional/institutional integrity of providers of Gutachten were inextricably connected with assessments of the honesty and objectivity of their research.

CORRUPTION AND INSTITUTIONAL INTEGRITY: THE CASE OF BANGLADESH

This paper highlights the view that corruption can be combated if institutional integrity can be put into practice, i.e. ‘institutional integrity’ has been considered as a key strategy to curb corruption. Based on literature review, the authors explain argument in three sections: in the first section, the article focuses on conceptualization of corruption, corruption & institutional integrity. In the second section, the article examines integrity-governance-corruption nexus in Bangladesh. Finally, it outlines initiatives of Government of Bangladesh (GoB) for curbing corruption with concluding remark.

Autonomy, Integrity, and Values in Public Administration: A Dilemma and a Case

This article addresses a classic problem of public administration, which is the quest for institutional integrity in the presence of bureaucratic autonomy. It does so in combination with a history of ideas account of the subject with a case study of derailed autonomy at the expense of institutional integrity It does so in combination with a history of ideas account of the subject with a case study of derailed autonomy at the expense of institutional integrity with particularly serious consequences in the form of human casualties. Referring to literature on public values and moral hazard under the condition of bureaucratic discretion, the article argues that harmonizing bureaucratic autonomy and institutional integrity requires commitment to public values that prioritize the protection of basic individual rights over temptations of pragmatic decision making. It is, therefore, a plea for linking traditional lines of thoughts on public administration with a more fine-grained assessment of the ambivalence of governmental agencies as both guardians of, and a menace to, rule-of-law-based protection of civic values.